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1 Sep : Acta Geoscientica Sinica Vol.32 No.5: www. 地球学报.com 69,, 摘要 : 31 69, , ; 18, [a],, : 0.75% 0.5% 0.25% 1, % 0.13% 1, 1, % 1, % [a] 0.13%,, 38 ( ), 15, 5, 6, 11, 1 :,, 20.23% [a] 16.21% 6.03%- 5.65% 5.03% 1, 2-4.4% 1, % 3.89% 3.77% 3.64%, 2.01%, 2% 关键词 : ; ; ; 中图分类号 : P641; P641.8; X523 文献标志码 : A doi: /cagsb Research on Groundwater Organic Contamination Characteristics in 69 Cities of China GAO Cun-rong, WANG Jun-tao China Institute for Geo-environmental Monitoring, Beijing Abstract: Organic contamination detection results from 69 cities of 31 provinces show that at least one organic matter was detected in 383 samples among 791 samples detected, with the detection ratio of 48.42%. Single organic pollutant exceeds the standard in 18 samples, and the over-limit of carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and benzo(a) pyrene is 0.75%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.13%, 0.13%, 0.13% and 0.13% respectively. Most sampling wells are agricultural, industrial and domestic wells, and some of them are water supply wells. Concentrations of organic pollutants in the wells of the water resource area are lower than those of the drinking water standard. Detection indicators are 38 substances that cause abnormality, cancer and mutation, and harmful and toxic and hazardous substances, comprising 15 halohydrocarbons, 5 chlorobenzenes, 6 monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 11 organochlorine pesticides and 1 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The analytical results show that, although the over-limit ratio is relatively low, the detection ratio is relatively high for organic matter in groundwater in main cities of China. Some organic matters were detected with relatively high detection ratios. The detection ratio of chloroform, benzo(a) pyrene, total HCH, β-hch, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, and benzene is 20.23%, 16.21%, 6.03%, 5.65%, 5.03%, 4.4%, 4.15%, 3.89%, 3.77%, 3.64% and 2.01% respectively, whereas that of other substances is lower than 2%. (: ) : ; : : :,, 1960, : , 20 : gaocr@mail.cigem.gov.cn

2 582 Key words: groundwater; organic contamination; characteristic research; main cities,,, DNA,, (, 1997;, 2009;, 2010),, (, 2004;, 2007), 20 (Barbash et al., 1986; Namocatcat et al., 2003; Hirata et al., 1992;, 2005) :,, ; , 83.13% 27.17%, 10 (, 2005) 2005, , : 132, 103 (, 2011), 133 (, 1996),, 100%, 0.1 μg/l, (, 2003),, (, 1991;, 1999;, 2000) (, 2002),, (, 2005), ,, 31 69, 791, 38,,,, 1 样品的采集与检测 1.1,,,, (1) 采样前抽水洗井,,, 3 (2) 现场测试 ph (3) 采样的采集采样瓶 National Scientific 40 ml VOA, 1 L 挥发性样品的采集 1 40 ml VOA, 4 1: L/min,, VOA,,,, 3 VOA,,,,, VOA, 4 VOA 5 VOA VOA

3 : , 半挥发性样品的采集 ml,,,,, 2 SVOC, 3 SVOC 4, 平行样与空白样的采集 1,, 2, VOA SVOC, VOA SVOC, (4) 样品的保存与运送 4,, 14 ; 7, , , 1,, 1.2 仪器设备, 1 分析指标与检出限 38 ( ), 15, 5, 6, 11, 1 2,, 2 分析结果与污染特征 2.1 (1) , 383, (2) 69 5 Fig. 1 图 1 全国主要城市地下水有机污染取样点分布图 Distribution of groundwater organic contamination sampling points in main cities of China

4 584 表 1 有机污染指标的分析方法及分析仪器 Table 1 Analytical methods and analytical instruments of organic contamination indicators US EPA 8260B US EPA 8081A [a] US EPA 8310 P&T-GC/MS (/) GC-ECD ( ) HPLC (), 7.25%, 64, 92.75% (3) , 35, 61.4%, 8 ( ) 22, 38.6%( 3) (4) , 8 9, ( 4 5), (YN27) 11 12, (YN13) , : (1) 38,, 37, 97.40% (2) : 20.23% [a] 16.21% 6.03% β- 5.65% 5.03% 1,2-4.4% 1,2-4.15% 3.89% 3.77% 3.64%, 2.01%, 2%( 6) 表 2 有机物单项指标的检出限 Table 2 Detection limit of organic matter μg/l 0.50 μg/l , 1- μg/l 0.20 μg/l 0.30 μg/l 0.50 μg/l , 2 μg/l 0.20 p- /m- μg/l 0.30 () μg/l 0.20 o- μg/l , 1, 1- μg/l 0.20 μg/l 0.30 μg/l , 2- μg/l 0.30 ng/l 1.00 μg/l 0.20 ng/l , 2- μg/l 0.20 α- ng/l 1.00 μg/l 0.20 γ- ng/l , 1, 2- μg/l 0.30 β- ng/l 1.00 μg/l 0.20 δ- ng/l 1.00 μg/l 0.20 DDT ng/l 1.50 μg/l 0.50 p, p'-dde ng/l 1.50 o, p'-ddt ng/l 1.50 μg/l 0.10 p, p'-ddd ng/l , 2- μg/l 0.10 p, p'-ddt ng/l , 3- μg/l , 4- μg/l 0.10 [a] ng/l , 2, 4- μg/l 0.20

5 : 表 3 检测出有机污染物的空白样品 Table 3 Blank samples with organic matters detected μg/l 7.27 μg/l 5.95 μg/l μg/l α μg/l γ μg/l β μg/l δ μg/l μg/l μg/l [a] ng/l μg/l μg/l 0.26 μg/l 0.79 μg/l 0.55 μg/l 16.4 μg/l 14.2 μg/l 0.59 μg/l 15.4 μg/l 0.23 μg/l 16 μg/l 表 4 平行样品中有机污染物检出值对比 Table 4 Comparison of organic matter detection values between parallel samples 1, 2- β- α- [a] (ng/l) (ng/l) (ng/l) HB HB SX SX SH SH FJ FJ JX JX ZJ ZJ NM NM YN YN GZ GZ CQ CQ

6 Table 5 表 5 平行样品中有机污染物检出值对比 Comparison of organic matter detection values between parallel samples [a] (ng/l) β- (ng/l) α- (ng/l) HB , 2-1, 2- DDT (ng/l) p, p' -DDE (ng/l) HB HB HB HB HB GD GD04-2 N.D YN YN30-2 N.D JS JS10-2 N.D N.D FJ-B-1 N.D FJ-B YN YN13-2 N.D HN01-1 N.D HN GX26-1 N.D 0.84 GX : N.D 表 6 有机污染组分的单项检出率 Table 6 Detection ratio of organic matter (n=791)( ) (%) (n=791)( ) (%) [a] γ , β p- /m o , , , p, p'-ddt o, p'-ddt , DDT , p, p'-dde , 1, , α δ , 1, , 2, p, p'-ddd

7 : (3), , ; (GB ;, 2006) EPA (US EPA, 2004) (WHO)(World Health Organization, 2004)( 7), 30, 表 7 有机污染组分超标评价参考标准值 Table 7 Reference standard value for over-limit assessment of organic matter μg/l 5 GB , 1- μg/l 30 GB μg/l 20 GB , 2 μg/l 50 GB μg/l 60 GB , 1, 1- μg/l 2000 GB μg/l 2 GB , 2- μg/l 30 GB μg/l 10 GB μg/l 70 GB , 2- μg/l 5 EPA μg/l 60 GB μg/l 700 GB , 1, 2- μg/l 5 EPA μg/l 40 GB μg/l 100 GB μg/l 300 GB μg/l 300 GB p- /m- μg/l o- μg/l 500 GB μg/l 20 GB μg/l 100 GB , 3- μg/l 1, 4- μg/l 300 GB , 2- μg/l 1000 GB , 2, 4- μg/l 70 EPA ng/l 5000 GB ng/l 1000 GB α- ng/l γ- ng/l 2000 GB β- ng/l δ- ng/l DDT ng/l 1000 GB p, p'-dde ng/l o, p'-ddt ng/l p, p'-ddd ng/l p, p'-ddt ng/l [a] ng/l 700 WHO

8 588 18, 2.28% : 0.75% 0.5% 0.25% 1, % 0.13% 1, 1, % 1, % [a] 0.13%( 8), (4) 2,, [a] (5) 31 ( ) 69, 535 ( 37 ), 256 ( 14 ) 256, 47.85%; 127, 49.61%, ( 3) (6), 92.1%; 42, 28, 66.7%, 8, 3 (, 2010) 3 问题讨论 3.1 ( 3), 31 44, 8 ( ) 22 7,,, 4,,, 63, 58 [a],, 表 8 有机污染样品超标组分及超标率 Table 8 Over-limit organic matters and over-limit ratio ( ) ( ) (%) ( ) , , 1, , [a] 图 2 有机污染超标组分的超标率与检出率 (n=791) Fig. 2 Over-limit ratio and detection ratio of organic matters (n=791) 3.2 ( 4, 5), , (YN13) 7 8,, (YN13),

9 : 图 3 潜水承压水样品单项检出率对比 (n 潜水 =535, n 承压水 =256) Fig. 3 Comparison of organic matter detection ratios between phreatic water and confined water samples (n unconfined water =535, n confined water =256),, 4 结论, : (1), 69, 64, 92.75% (2) , ; 38,, 37, (3),, , 18, 2.28% (4), 92.1%;, 66.7%;, 8, 3,,,,, 致谢 : 在有机污染取样人员培训过程中, 得到了中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所孙继朝研究员的指导与协助 ; 在有机污染样品的分析测试过程中, 得到了中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心饶竹研究员的指导与协助 ; 在有机污染样品的采集与运送过程中得到了全国 31 个省 ( 市自治区 ) 地质环境监测总站 ( 院中心 ) 有关技术人员的鼎力协助与配合 ; 在此一并表示最诚挚的谢意参考文献 :,, 燊, [J], (1): ,,,,,,,, [J]., 31(2): ,, [J]., 21(2): , [J]., 12(3): [J]., 31(1): ,,, [M]. : : ,,,,,,,, [J]., 30(3): [J].,

10 590 23(4): , / [J]., 28(5): ,,,, [J]., 21(10): 5-10.,,,,, [J]., 31(4): , [J] ( ), 23(3): , [J]., 1(1): , [M]. :. with English abstract). LI Hong-li, GAO Hong Analysis of organic pollutants in water[j]. Chemical Analysis and Meterage, 12(3): 16-18(in Chinese with English abstract). LI Zheng-hong, ZHANG Sheng, BI Er-ping, YU Juan, WANG Wen-zhong, MA Li-sha, MA Lin-na, HE Ze, ZHANG Yi-long The Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Organic Pollution at a Certain Oil Depot[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 31(2): (in Chinese with English abstract). Ministry of Health of China, Standardization Administration of China National Standard of the People s Republic of China Standards for Drinking Water Quality[M]. Beijing: Ministry of Health of China(in Chinese). NAMOCATCAT J A, FANG J, BARCELONA M J, QUIBUYEN A [J]., (4): , [M]. :. References: BARBASH J, ROBERTS P V Volatile organic chemical contamination of groundwater resources in the U.S.[J]. Journal(Water Pollution Control Federation), 58(5): GUO Yong-hai, SHEN Zhao-li, ZHONG Zuo-shen, LIU Shu-fen The internal relationals between groundwater organic chlorine pollution and groundwater vulnerability of Hebei Plain[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, (4): HIRATA T, NAKASUGI O, YOSHIOKA M, SUMI K Groundwater pollution by volatile organochlorines in Japan and related phenomena in the subsurface environment[j]. Water Science and Technology, 25(11): LIN Tao Review on the Research of Organic Pollutant of Drinking Water Source[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 31(1): 35-37(in Chinese with English abstract). LIU Zhao-chang, ZHANG Lan-sheng, NIE Yong-feng, ZHU Kun The pollution and control of groundwater system[m]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press: (in Chinese). LI Duo, SONG Xue-lin, ZHANG Yan-jun A Study on the Pollution Model of Groundwater Supply Source beside the River[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 21(2): (in Chinese T O, ABRAJANO T A Trimethylbenzoic acids as metabolite signatures in the biogeochemical evolution of an aquifer contaminated with jet fuel hydrocarbons[j]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 67: RAO Zhu, LI Song, WU Shu-qi, HUANG Yi, WANG Su-ming, SONG Shu-ling, XIE Yuan-li, JIA Jing, TIAN Qin Research and Application of Organic Analysis in Geological Survey[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 30(3): (in Chinese with English abstract). US EPA Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories[S]. US: US EPA. WANG Jin-zhe, ZHANG Guang-hui, MU Hai-dong, YAN Ming-jiang, NIE Zhen-long, WANG Ying The Shallow Groundwater Recharging Characteristics Responding to Human Activities[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 31(4): (in Chinese with English abstract). WANG Shan, SUN Ji-chao, ZHANG Hong-da, JING Ji-hong, CHEN Xi Organic Pollution and Countermeasures of Water Environment in China[J]. Marine Geology Letter, 21(10): 5-10(in Chinese). WANG Xiao-yan, SHANG Wei The Harm of Organic Micro Pollutant on Water Body and Priority Pollutants[J]. Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 23(3): 73-78(in Chinese with English abstract). World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality[S]. Geneva: World Health Organization. WU Qi-zhou Harmfulness and countermeasures of organic

11 : pollutants in drinking water[j]. Technology of Water Treatment, 23(4): (in Chinese with English abstract). WU Xiao-juan, SUN Gen-nian A Comparative Study of Groundwater Pollution Narrow/General Vulnerability in Xi an[j]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 28(5): (in Chinese with English abstract). XU Shao-hui, ZHU Xue-yu Hydraulic capture technique for remedy of ground water contaminated by petroleum and its numerical model[j]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1(1): 71-76(in Chinese with English abstract). ZHANG Zong-hu, LI Lie-rong Groundwater Resources of China[M]. Beijing: China Map Publishing House(in Chinese). ZHENG Shang-bao The main Cause of groundwater pollution[j]. Environment, (4): 33-35(in Chinese). 中俄蒙哈韩五国亚洲北 - 中 - 东部三维地质结构与成矿作用研究合作项目第九次工作会议在蒙古成功举行 , ,, 34,,, B. Ariunsan,,,,,,,,,,,, 2012 本刊编辑部采编

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untitled 20 1 2010 10 Vol.20 Special 1 The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Oct. 2010 1004-0609(2010)S1-s0127-05 Ti-6Al-4V 1 2 2 (1. 710016 2., 710049) 500~1 000 20 Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) TC4 800 TC4 800 TC4 TC4 800