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3 000 * * %, 70 70, , Abstract The analysis in this article is based on micro data sets of the Chinese 2000, 1990, and 1982 census es. The percent of three-generation family households in 2000 increased considerably as compared to 1990 and 1982; the proportion of two-generation nuclear family households substantially dropped by about 17 percent in 2000 as compared to Such change, however, does not mean that Chinese families are returning to the more traditional structure. This is mainly caused by the demographic effects: given that most old parents still live with one married child (although declining), generations born after the early 1970s who have much fewer siblings have a smaller chance of moving out of the parental home to form an independent nuclear family household when they reach the family formation stage. In fact, the one-person and one-couple-only households have been increasing quickly; average household size decreased significantly; the proportions of elderly who did not live with children and elderly-couple only households substantially increased in 2000 as compared to We conclude that the family transformation in contemporary China was caused by the tremendous fertility decline and by significant changes in social attitudes and economic mobility related to co-residence between old parents and adult children. zengyi@duke.edu. 3

4 Cartier 1995 Zeng, 2001 [1][2] i Coale 1984 [3] Kannisto 1986 Kincannon & Banister 1986 Yu 1986 [4][5][6] Zeng 1996 [7] % % ii iii iv

5 % 65 United Nations 2002a 2002b [8] % % % % % United Nations 2002a 2002b [8] % % United Nations 2002a 2002b [8] CLHLS ADL % % % v Torrey Torrey 1992 [9] Poston and Duan 2000 [10] (Pei and Pillai, 1999 Chen and Silverstein, 2000 Sun 2002) [11][12][13] 2003 [14] / %

6 30% 4 23% vi [14] % 59.4%

7 [14] Zeng and Wu 2000 [15] DINK DINK [16]

8 / Zeng and Wu 2000 [15] % 4.4% 3.4% 1 85% Goldstein, Guo and Goldstein 2001 [17]

9 % 0.67% 1.89% % 18.3% 19.0% 19.5% 18.97% 20.89% 1 1/4 Carter 1995 [1] 2001 [18] vii % 1.1% 10.1% 7.1% Pei and Pillai, 1999 Chen and Silverstein, 2000 Sun 2002 [11][12][13] % 8.8% % 1.0% % 7.2%

10 8 Chen 2002 [19] [20] [21]

12 % 44.7% 16.2% 35.1% % 33.6% viii % 15.9% % 4.0% Cox 8.2% 14.6% Zeng and Wang, 1993 [22] 12

13 3.6% 3.2% % 55.8% 70.9% 64.4% ix 14.8% 11.3% 20.4% 23.3% Lavely and Ren, 1992 Cooney and Shi, 1999 [23][24] Zeng et al., 1991 [25] % 26.4% 26.5% 11.5% % 13

14 x ; Zeng, 1986, 1991 [26][27] Wolf (1986) [28] 14

15 Zhao 2000 Kobrin and Goldscheider, 1982 [29][30] 2003 [31], 20 70, Logan and Bian, 1999 [32], Zang 1999 [33], % 1984 [34] % Kim and Maeda 2001 [35] 37 1/3 i ii iii 3.9% 0.7% 5-1 NSB2002 iv % 1.0% 0.1% Qiu 1988 v CLHLS 22 15

16 22 85% CLHLS 2004 Zeng Yi, James W. Vaupel, Xiao Zhenyu, Zhang Chunyuan and Liu Yuzhi. Sociodemographic and Health Profiles of Oldest Old in China. Population and Development Review, No. 2, Vol. 28 (2002). vi ; vii 2000 ProFamy 2000 ProFamy wangzl@duke.edu ProFamy viii 7 ix 5 x

17 [1] Michel Cartier, Nuclear Versus Quasi-stem Families: the New Chinese Family Model. Journa of Family History Vol. 20 (1995), p [2] Zeng Yi, A Demographic Analysis of Family Households in China, Journal of Comparative Family Studies. Vol. 33, No.1(2001), p [3] Ansley J.Coale, Rapid Population Change in China, (Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.1984) [4] Vaino Kannisto, Features of the 1982 China Census from International Standpoint. Pp in A Census of One Billion People. Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census, edited by Chengrui Li. ( Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press.1986). [5] Louis Kincannon, and Judith Banister. Perspectives on China's 1982 Census. Pp in A Census of One Billion People. Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census, edited by Chengrui Li. (Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press. 1986). [6] Y.C. Yu, The Reliability of China's 1982 Population Census. in A Census of One Billion People. Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census, edited by Chengrui Li. (Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press.1986), p [7] Zeng Yi, Is fertility in China in Far below the Replacement Level? Population Studies Vol.50, No.1 (1996), p [8] U.N. (United Nations). 2002a. World Population Prospects. The 2002 Revision Volume I: Comprehensive Tables. New York: United Nations. U.N. (United Nations). 2002b. World Population Prospects. The 2002 Revision Volume II: Sex and Age. New York: United Nations. [9] Barbara Boyle Torrey, Sharing increasing costs on declining income: The visible dilemma of the invisible aged. In Richard M. Suzman, David P. Willis, and Kenneth G. Manton (Eds.). The Oldest Old. ( New York: Oxford University Press.1992), p [10] Dudley L. Poston, and Chengrong Charles Duan, The Current and Projected Distribution of the Elderly and Eldercare in the People s Republic of China. Journal of Family Issues Vol. 21 (2000), p [11] Pei, XiaoMei and V.K. Pillai Old age support in China: the role of the state and family. International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol. 49, No.3 (1999), p [12] X. Chen, and M. Silverstein. Intergenerational social support and the psychological well- being of older parents in China. Research on aging Vol. 22, No.1 (2000), p [13] R. J. Sun, Old age support in contemporary urban China from both parents and children s perspectives. Research on Aging Vol. 24, No.3 (2002), p [14]

18 [15] Zeng Yi, and Deqing Wu A Regional Analysis of Divorce in China Since Demography Vol. 37, No. 2 (2000), p [16] [17] Alice Goldstein, Zhigang Guo, and Sidney Goldstein. The Relation of Migration to Changing Household Headship Patterns in China, Population Studies Vol. 51(1997),p [18] BRK004 [19] Feinian Chen, Family Structures, Familial Relationship and Socioeconomic Changes in China and Russia Dissertation Abstracts International, A The Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 62 (2002), 3948A-3949A. [20] p [21] p [22] Zeng Yi, and Deming Wang. An Event History Analysis of Remarriage in China. Selected paper for publication in International Union for Scientific Studies of Population 22th General Conference Volumes, Liege: IUSSP.(1993) [23] William Lavely, and Xinhua Ren, Patrilocality and Early Marital Co-residence in Rural China, China Quarterly Vol. 130 (1992), p [24] Rosemary S. Cooney and Jing Shi. Household Extension of the Elderly in China, Population Research and Policy Review Vol. 18(1999), p [25] Zeng Yi, Xiaoli Li, and Zhongdong Ma. The Trend and the Model Schedule of Leaving the Parental Home after Marriage in China. in Fertility in China (Published by International Statistical Institute (ISI). The Hague: ISI. 1991), p [26] Zeng Yi, Changes in Family Structure in China: a Simulation Study. Population and Development Review Vol.12 (1986), p [27] Zeng Yi, Family Dynamics in China: A Life Table Analysis. (Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.1991) [28] Arthur P.Wolf, The Preeminent Role of Government Intervention in China s Family Revolution. Population and Development Review Vol.12 (1986), p [29] Zhongwei Zhao, Coresdential Patterns in Historical China: A Simulation Study. Population and Development Review Vol. 26, No. 2 (2000), p [30] F.E.Kobrin, and C. Goldscheider. Family Extension or Nonfamily Living: Life Cycle Economic and Ethnic Factors. Western Sociological Review Vol.13, No.1(1982), p [31]

19 [32] John R. Logan, and Fuqin Bian, Family values and coresidence with married children in urban China. Social Forces Vol. 77, No. 4 (1999), p [33] X Zang, Family, kinship, marriage, and sexuality. in: Understanding contemporary China Edited by R.E. Gamer. (Boulder, Colorado, Lynne Rienner Publishers.1999), p [34] 1984 [35] Ik Ki Kim,and Daisaku Maeda, A comparative study on sociodemographic changes and long-term health care needs of the elderly in Japan and South Korea. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology Vol. 16 (2001), p

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38 1 2014 1 Vol. 38No. 1 January 2014 51 Population Research 2010 2010 2010 65 100028 Changing Lineal Families with Three Generations An Analysis of the 2010 Census Data Wang Yuesheng Abstract In contemporary