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1 平面顯示器概論課號 : IDI 5003 Fall Semester 2012, 課號 : 5097 (1:30 4:30 PM, Monday) Lecture 1A, 謝漢萍, Display Institute 顯示科技研究所 National lchiao Tung University it 國立交通大學 Hsinchu, Taiwan hpshieh@mail.nctu.edu.twhi h@ il t Sep. 17,

2 Office Hour 本課程為國際學程, 請以英語授課. English lecture 每一單元筆試或報告 Homework after each topics 2

3

4 學生如何下載 FPD 上課講義 1. 連結至顯示系統實驗室首頁 t d t / i h 2. 點選上方 資料下載

5 Taiwan Domestic Manufacturing Information Technology Sectors Metal & Mechanical Consumer Petrochemical 1999 growth: 13.6% -2.6% -5.3% 3.8% % 22.00, x100b % 5.6% NT, %

6 Structural change of Production Value in Manufacturing % LCD NB 20 IC 15 PC year Metail & machinery industry Chemistry industry Information& electron industry Food, textile & other industry

7 Display : The nature of human need > 2,000 BC ( 清溪渔隐图 ) 1922 First Color TV 7

8 8

9 Display : The growing of LCD Display 1888 LC was discovered Twisted nematic field effect Seiko LCD digital watch Passive Matrix LCD( STN, CSTN) Active Matrix TFT LCD Windows 3.0, May, bit CPU: 80486, April 10,

10 TFT-LCD Diversified Applications IT Applications AV & Mobile Phone DVC Notebook PC DSC Mobile Phone Printer Monitor PMP Industrial Applications POS LCD TV Car Digital Signage Medical 10

11 Flat-Panel Display - INTRODUCTION Electro-Optical device or subsystem Convert electrical signal into visual imagery in Real Time Direct interpretation by human observer Human interface betw' user and machine Scaled to human visual and anatomical requirements Light weight, low profile Low power consumption 11

12 400,000 Taiwan Photonics WW Market Share: 15% unit:million US$ WW Photonics Revenue 350,000 Optical components 300,000 Communication 250,000 Storage 200, ,000 I/O 100,000 Display 50, LED Ti Taiwan Photonics Pht Revenue Display: #1 in Photonics. 40% WW Market Share. Enable NB, PC, Monitor Mobile display, etc. LCD-TV, HD-TV. Novel applications. Unit: Million US $ 12

13 Electronic Information Display Flat Panel Display (FPD) By Luminance Non-Emission Emission LCD By Driving D-TFD Active Matrix TFT LCD Passive Matrix PDP FED OLED By Materials a-si TFT Poly-Si TFT By Process HTPS TFT LTPS TFT By Liquid Crystal TN LCD STN LCD By Gas By Phosphor By Organic 13

14 Electronic Information Displays Flexible Display Wall Hang Display LCD Rear Projection Monitor Display PDA HMD NBPC OLED/PLED on LTPS LTPS LCD CNT FED or OLED/PLED LTPS LCD LTPS LCD α-si LCD(x3), 1 α-si LCD LTPS LCD(x1), 3 OLED/LTPS OLED on LTPS Reflective LTPS LCD on Plastic OLED on LTPS Reflective LTPS LCD -- High Resolution -- Full Color --Wide Viewing Angle --Light Thin Short Small Rear Projection TV & Monitor Front Projection Display α-si LCD(x3), 1 LTPS LCD(x1), 3 High Information Content Displays --Low Power High Efficiency --Video Speed Fast Response Time --No Image Artifact --No EMI Recycle-able 14 Naked-Eye 3D Display E-Book

15 創新需求帶動顯示器持續成長 Digital TV, Home theater, Kitchen TV, Bedroom TV, Bathroom TV, Home shopping Smart Phone, Personal Phone, Mobile TV UMPC, EeePC, Classmate PC, OLPC 資料來源 : 工研院 IEK (2007/10) 15

16 The World s Largest PDP TV 150 (2008) 16

17 OLED 40 a-si based 1280 x 800 Pixel Sony 3 mm thin 11 OLED TV AMOLED 17

18 108 World Largest LCD-TV (2007) 18

19 Flexible Displays E-ink OLED LCD 19

20 平面顯示器重要應用市場發展趨勢 Global Display Market Trends for Selected Applications 250,000 Global Display Market Trends for Selected Applications 200, ,000 Units s: ' , ,000 ts: '000 Unit 150, , ,000 50, (e) 2008(f) 2009(f) 2010(f) 2011(f) (e) 2008(f) 2009(f) 2010(f) 2011(f) OLED T V ,200 3,100 Notebook PC 73, , , , , ,500 e-book 2,557 2,803 3,028 3,321 3,697 4,214 LCD Monitor 128, , , , , ,000 Digital Photo Frame 6,000 10,500 22,000 28,600 35,800 39,900 LCD TV 45,990 79, , , , ,157 Portable Media Player 57,800 81, , , , ,000 PDP TV 9,600 11,950 14,250 16,500 18,200 19,700 Portable DVD Player 24,200 26,600 28,500 30,100 31,250 32,100 Rear Projection TV 3,678 1, PND 16,323 37,414 52,473 67,287 78,530 82,510 CRT TV 125, ,600 88,400 77,500 68,500 61,200 PDA Phone 39,020 47,210 56,500 65,230 74,120 82,120 LCD TV CAGR = 27.5% Notebook PC CAGR = 19.8% LCD Monitor CAGR = 11.5% PDP TV CAGR = 15.5% RP TV CAGR = % 5% CRT TV CAGR = % OLED TV CAGR = 467% E-Book CAGR = 10.5% PDA Phone CAGR = 16.0% Portable Media Player CAGR = 29.7% Portable DVD Player CAGR = 5.8% Portable Navigation Device CAGR = 38.3% Digital Photo Frame CAGR = 46.1% 全球電視市場, 除了 CRT 與 RP TV 衰退外,LCD TV Notebook PC 與 PDP TV 市場均呈高度成長, 估計 CAGR( 06~ 11) 11) 分別約為 27.5% 19.8% 15.5%,20085% 年 LCD TV 出貨量將超越 CRT TV 達 1 億台 50 吋以下平面電視市場將以 LCD TV 為主 ;50 吋以上平面電視市場以 PDP TV 較具競爭力 資料來源 : 工研院 IEK (2007/11) 20

21 TFT LCD Forecast by Applications (Area) 90,000,000 Unit:M2 Public Display 80,000,000 70,000,000 60,000,000 NB >11% PDA Pachinko Others Notebook PC Multi Function Printer MP3 Player Mobile Telephone Sub 50,000, Mobile Telephone 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 LCD TV >50% MNT >35% Data Source: DisplaySearch 1Q LCD TV Industrial Handheld TV Game e-book DVD Digital Camera Digital Album Desktop Monitor Camcorder Automobile Monitor

22 Taiwan FPD industries clusters NCTU Taiwan FPD revenue in 2007: $50 B NCTU is at the center of the largest cluster. 22

23 廠商數目 : 面板廠 FPD Cluster Effect in Taiwan *TN/STN LCD: 20 ( 勝華 碧悠 全台晶像 凌巨 訊倉 南亞等 ) *TFT LCD: 8 ( 友達 奇美 華映 瀚宇彩晶 廣輝 統寶 群創 元太 ) *PDP: 2 ( 台朔光電 中華映管 ) *OLED/PLED: 7( 錸寶 東元激光 瀚立光電 悠景 光磊 勝園 聯宗光電 ) *LCOS : 3( 聯誠光電 台灣微像 奇景光電 ) 零組件廠 * 彩色濾光片 : 8 ( 和鑫 劍度 展茂 彩煇 凸版 奇美 勝華 昌益 ) * 背光模組 : 20( 瑞儀 中強光電 輔祥 科橋 台灣奈普 大億 和立聯合等) * 偏光片 : 4 ( 力特 日東電工 協臻 ) * 玻璃基板 ( 含 ITO): 10 ( 康寧 旭硝子 NHT 碧悠國際光電 默克 勝華等 ) * 驅動 IC : 10 ( 聯詠 華邦 天鈺 世紀民生 凌越 奇景光電等 ) Source: CIPO (2004/3) 新竹地區 TFT : 4( 友達 統寶 群創 元太 ) TN/STN : 4( 碧悠 國喬 訊倉 凌巨 ) 玻璃基板 : 1( 碧悠國際光電 ) 背光模組 : 2 ( 中強光電 興隆發 ) 彩色濾光片 : 3 ( 和鑫 劍度 彩煇 ) ITO : 2 ( 劍度 錸德 ) 驅動 IC : 4 ( 聯詠 華邦 天鈺 世紀民生 ) LCOS: 2 ( 聯誠光電 台灣微像 ) OLED/PLED : 5 ( 錸寶 瀚立光電 悠景 東元激光 光磊 ) 光罩 :1(HOYA) 台中地區 TFT:1 ( 友達 ) TN/STN : 3( 勝華 光聯 愛普生 ) OLED/PLED : 1( 勝園 ) 背光模組 :1( 輔祥 ) 偏光片 : 1( 日東光學 協臻 ) 彩色濾光片 :1(: 勝華 ) ITO : 1 ( 勝華 ) 玻璃基板 :2 ( 康寧 NEG) 雲林玻璃基板 : 1( 旭硝子 ) PDP :1( 台朔光電 ) 台南地區 TFT : 1( 奇美電子 瀚宇彩晶 ) OLED/PLED : 1 ( 聯宗光電 ) 玻璃基板 :2 ( 康寧 NHT) 背光模組 : 2 ( 大億 和立聯合 ) 彩色濾光片 : 3 ( 凸版 奇美 南鑫 ) LCOS: 1( 奇景光電 ) 偏光片 :1( 力特 住華 ) 光罩 :1( 頂正 ) 23 CCFL:2 (Stanly West) n n n 台北地區 CCFL:Harison 桃園地區 NCTU the center of the cluster TFT : 3( 中華映管 瀚宇彩晶 廣輝電子 ) TN/STN : 2 ( 南亞塑膠 中華映管 ) 玻璃基板 : 1( 中晶 ) ITO:1 ( 默克光電 ) 彩色濾光片 :1 ( 展茂 ) 偏光片 : 2 ( 力特 協臻 ) PDP : 1( 中華映管 ) 背光模組 :3 ( 台灣奈普 茂林 科橋 ) 高雄地區 TN/STN : 5( 全台晶像 昌益 華生 夏普 中日新 ) 彩色濾光片 : 1( 昌益 ) 背光模組 : 2 ( 瑞儀光電 夏普 )

24 FPD Infrastructure in Taiwan Equ uipments Man nufacturin ng Dry Processin g Equip.(6) Wet Processin g Equip.(11) Array 志聖工業 聚川企業 聚川企業 鑫力工業 均碩光電 和立聯合 凌嘉科技 揚博企業 友大科技 亞智科技 達合企業 福崙利器 嵩展科技 兆同企業 億尚精密 上智超音波 敘豐 群錄自動化 1 CELL Assembly Equip.(10) Cell Assembly 真空 PUMP 液晶 CELL 抽真空氮氣灌入氮氣液晶灌入面板中 面板下降 3 4 福崙利器 東捷半導體 緯瑩 億尚精密 愛玻麗工業 詳誠企業 精一機械 伍益機械 大震網印機械 敏盛科技 2 Inspection, testing(3) 金屬框 構裝設備 (2) 間隔橡膠 力聲光電 華東半導體 東捷半導體 億尚精密 鈞勇 LC Module 偏光板 導光板 LCD 面板液晶灌滿後 PCB TAB-IC 面板上昇冷螢光燈管背光座矽膠 鐵框 TFT- LCD (7) Panels 元太 華映 友達 奇美 統寶 廣輝 瀚宇彩晶 PDP 華映 友 (3) 達 台灣塑膠. Co omponen nts Glass Sub. (7) ITO Glass (9) 碧悠 康寧 中晶 正達 正太 ( 切割 ) 台灣板保 台灣發殷科技. 錸德 劍度 正太 冠華 默克光電 洪氏英科技 ( 觸控面板用 ). Color Filter( 8) Polarize r ( 4) Alignmen t layer (1) 和鑫 劍度 展茂 奇美 彩輝 台灣國際凸版彩光. 力特 華佳 協臻 日東電工 汎納克 亞化光電 旭硝子發殷. 大立. Note: High end 設備及材料之 Maker 較少 24 Backlit ( 20) Driver IC ( 10) 和立 瑞儀 科橋 輔祥 大億 寰宇 大安 福華 奈普 康竣 晶達 精邁 天瑞 光興 中強 中光電 興隆發 威力盟 聯詠 華邦 凌陽 立生 敦茂 漢磊 天下 大王 奇景 天鈺 TN/STN ( 20) OLED (5) 九立 華映 碧悠 光聯 昌益 南亞 凌巨 訊倉. 勝園 翰立 錸寶 悠景 東元激光.

25 台灣平面顯示器產業發展展望 TFT LCD(>10") TFT LCD(<10") TN/STN LCD OLED Others Color Filter Polarizer Glass Backlight 35,000 Unit: NTD 100 0M 30, ,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 FPD CAGR( 06~ 11)=18.2% -Panels CAGR= % 1% 29,332 27,619 -Key Components CAGR=15.6% 25,016 7,058 21,455 6,412 5,542 17,783 4,660 12, ,604 20,561 18,604 15,913 13,123 7,450 21,882 5,000 9, (e) 2008(f) 2009(f) 2010(f) 2011(f) 資料來源 : 工研院 IEK (2007/11) 25

26 26

27 Ideal Display Parameters High brightness and contrast Wide viewing angles Full-color Fast response - wide temperature range Low power consumption (and voltage) Light-weight and compact Robust Low cost 27

28 Display Panel Data In Timingi Controller Gamma Reference Voltages Vcom Ref Column Drivers Power In Multi-Source DC/DC Converter & LDO Row Drivers Display 28

29 A View of Existing Displays 29

30 Features of Display System Viewing Angle Brightness Color Weight Display Diagonal Size Resolution Contrast Ratio Power Consumption 30

31 TFT LCD Technologies for TV Display Quality Resolution Screen Size Reflective.. Gamma correction Motion picture Uniformity Viewing angle Contrast ratio Brightness Color Color Filter TFT Liquid Crystal LC modes Film Response time Impulse Backlight Edge enhancement Black expansion Peripherals 31

32 Color Generation Additive color Subtractive color Primary Colors Red (R) Green (G) Blue (B) RGB All together: WHITE Displays Primary Colors: Cyan (C) Magenta (M) Yellow (Y) and (optionally) Black (K) CMYK All together: BLACK Papers 32

33 Color Filters BLACK MATRIX A. Structure B. Transmission ITO OVERCOAT R G B R G B GLASS WHITE LIGHT MISSION (%) TRANS B G R WAVELENGTH (nm) Light efficiency: 0.3x0.8~24% Resolution: 3 sub-pixels form a pixel Not preferred for projection displays (Tani et al, IDRC 94, p.103)

34 Color Enhancement 1931CIE Chromaticity Color Space CIE NTSC EBU srgb,hdtv

35 Display Families Number of Pixel (thousand) p-si LCD a-si LCD CMT HDTV p-si LCD Projection XGA CRT PDP Projection TV SVGA VGA Diagonal Display Size (inch) 35

36 Display Size and Resolution 36

37 FPD Technology Prospective Trend Key display and spec. Technologies Large Size High Image quality Low cost Light weight Projection Direct view 前投式 100"~ 200" 背投式 40"~ 80" 40"~ 80" PDP 10.4"~ 50" a-tft LCD LTPS HTPS DMD LCoS 精細化 SVGA UXGA/HDTV LTPS HTPS DMD LCoS 對比度 100:1 500:1 Super-IPS 全彩色 64 萬色 1670 萬色驅動方式改良 廣視角 IPS MVA Super-IPS 高輝度 150cd/m 2 500cd/m 2 LTPS Super-IPS 高應答 省驅動 IC 提高生產效益 40ms 25ms 8ms 半 / 反射式 塑膠基板 可撓式基板 COG SOP Environment 省能源 生產製程減量 減廢 al friendly 資料來源 : 工研院整理 (2002/10) 37 LC 材料改良 Super-IPS 驅動方式改進 LTPS 次世代量產技術 OLED/PLED 設計改良 製程改良 替代性材料

38 Paradigm Shift in the Display World 3 rd wave: Unification of Information & Communication, Digital TVs, Wireless digital networks. 38

39 AMLCD: 2010 Monitor 40 TV Monitor NB 15 NB Screen size 1.44X/3 years Resolution 4X/3 years Kitahara et al, IDW 02, p

40 40

41 Major Si-TFT Technologies Parameters a-si p-si c-si 1. Electron Mobility: TFT OFF-current: TFT ON-current (A): Dots pitch/inch: Pixel Size (µm): Infrastructures: Good Fair Ex 7. Panel Size: L+M M+S S a-si: Large panel; p-si: Medium; c-si: Micro-display 41

42 TFT-LCD : Superior Technology Camera & Camcorder Car Navigator / Portable DVD Tablet PC Mobile Phone LCD TV LCD Monitor 42 Notebook

43 90 o Twisted-Nematic Cell LC Configuration Electro-Optic Effect POLARIZER 100 GLASS LC TRANS SMITTANCE (%) R G B GLASS VOLTAGE (V rms) Broadband /2 plate Hi h i Low operation voltage Response: ~30 ms Narrow view angle POLARIZER High contrast ratio V=0 V~5V rms Schadt & Helfrich, APL 18, 127 (1971) 43

44 Torque Spatial Distribution Example T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(20 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(60 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(100 o ) T = ½ o o( ( - )E 2 sin(140 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(180 o ) T = ½ o o( ( - )E 2 sin(160 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(120 o ) T = ½ - 2 o o ( )E sin(80 ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(40 o ) T = ½ - 2 o o ( )E sin(0 ) T = k(x,t) E 2 44 T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(0 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(40 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(80 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(120 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(160 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(180 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(140 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(100 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(60 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(20 o )

45 90 o -TN Cell: View Angle Analyzer BM Substrate 120 =90 60 ITO TFT Color Filter Electric Field Polarizer L R ITO CR = 50 CR = 10 CR = Asymmetric viewing Insufficient view angle 45

46 TFT-LCD Configuration 46

47 Transmissive TFT-LCD Gate or row electrode Common electrode Color filter a-si TFTs ITO TFT substrate Polarizer 240 µm Polarizer Common substrate Backlight Diffuser Data or column electrode Gate or row electrode LC Each pixel is independently driven by a TFT 47

48 Cross-Sectional View of a-si:h TFT Pixel 48

49 Structure of TFT-LCD cell Polarizer Top Glass Color Filter CommonElectrode (ITO) Seal Liquid Crystal Layer Seal Bottom Glass Polarizer TFT Pixel Electrode Spacer 49

50 Configuration of typical transmission LCDs Optical Efficiency: 8 10% Polarizer R G G B R R G Color Filter TFT Polarizer 50 Back light System

51 Household Energy Consumption TVs & Computers: 9% of household energy usages in USA 51 51

52 LCD-TV Power Consumption 213 n (W) umption Powe er Cons 78 Energy Star V.4 (2010, 5) 115 Reduction by 50% Energy Star V.5 (2012, 5) 55 TV Size (inch) 52 52

53 Optical Throughput of LCDs Optical Throughput < 10% Analyzer: 95% Color Filter : 33% Normally 5% of LCD energy efficiency due to complicated LC Transmittance: 90% structure and components. TFT Array: TFT Array: 60% 1080p HDTV, wide color Polarizer: 45% gamut bulbs, VA, IPS wide viewing modes all contribute RGB LED to lower FPD efficiency. CCFL B/L: 70% Backlight (Full on) 5353

54 Eco-Display Low power consumption, fewer material/components, environmental friendly Color Filter-- 32-inch LCD panel materials cost structure Driver IC 5% Inverter PCB, etc: 14% 5% Glass: 10% - 30 % optical thruput Backlight Others 23% - 20 % materials cost 2% R, G, B, (W) LED-- LC: 6% Chemicals - wide color gamut Polarizer % optical thruput - 10 % material cost 4% Target: 2% Polarizer 10% Color Filter 19% Ref:DisplaySearch

55 Approaches for Low Power LCD s 48% down Source:iSuppli

56 Low Power Green Display Demo Video 電視佔家庭的用電量 15% Provided by CPT 32-inch FSC-LCD OCB-mode LC BL (1152) LEDs Field rate 240 Hz (4- field) P avg = 35 W 56

57 Battery Powered LCD s? 120Hz 2-Field Sequential Display CF-Less x 280% Polarizer-free x 170% Improved ~11x Local RGBW + Angle Control x 240% Conventional - Plug-in LCD-TV 32 LCD: 110 Watt Next Gen. - Battery-on LCD-TV 32 LCD: <15 Watt 57 57

58 Conventional Backlight System Uniform output Uniform output Top diffuser Top diffuser Prism sheet Prism sheet Bottom diffuser Bottom diffuser Diffusive plate Light g guide g plate p LED Reflector Reflector High brightness Thin format Large size Low brightness Thick format Small size Edge-lit Edge lit LED BL Direct-lit Direct lit LED BL LED 5858

59 Configuration of reflective LCDs Polarizer C o lo r filte r R e f le c to r TFT elem ent 59 LC layer

60 Reflective/Transflective LCD s Transmissive Transflective Reflective type Polarizer Polarizer Ambient light Quarter wave Polarizer plate Color filter Quarter wave Color plate filter Color filter Liquid Liquid crystal crystal Liquid Polarizer crystal Inner reflector Inner reflector Quarter wave plate Back light High Low Polarizer brightness, Power consumption poor contrast Wash Unreadable out at in outdoor dark room Back light 60

61 Front and Reflective LCD Projectors Mirror Viewer Screen Projector 2~3 m Screen 0.5 ~0.8 m LCD projector 61

62 Application of LCDs 62

63 Digital Mirror Display (DMD) MEMS based nimate.htm Totally invisible: > 1000Hz RGB Almost invisible: 540Hz RGB Slightly visible: 360Hz RGB 360Hz RGB >540Hz is almost impossible for LCD But~ Color Breakup HAVE TO be solved 63 Unacceptable: 180Hz RGB

64 Revolution of LCD s 64

65 Fab. Cost of TFT-LCD Lines 65

66 TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Technology History) 80 Pocket TVs started with low yield VGA for NPCs Color gamut <40% Brightness <80nits start of 14.1 NPC panels Color gamut <60% 1997 IPS, VA & other WV Technologies introduced Brightness 80~ 200nits 1998 CRT Monitor replace started 2000~ 2000~ intensive research for video quality - LC response time, over driving method 2002 LCD-TV market started Color gamut 72% Brightness 250nits monitor 500nits TV Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC

67 Prospects of FPD Industry in Taiwan Expanding STN lines; Moving TN productions out of Taiwan. Note-PC & LCD Monitor growing, WW sharing >40% after 00. Large TFT-LCD panels production started Q2/ new G-3/G-3.5 lines gradually on-line, followed immediately by another 3~5 G-4 lines for those existing companies. 40%±10% of world TFT-LCD production capacity in Low-temp p-si (LTPS) for the next wave. Key to competitiveness: technology advancement by participating companies and continuing governmental strategic support. 67

68 TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Overall Performance) Continuous Performance Upgrade & continuous cost down Contrast Ratio Brightness Power Consumption Cost Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC

69 TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Performance vs determining critical factors) Critical items Critical factors to improve Contrast Ratio Brightness Power Consumption Cost Improve Polarization High voltage drive Compensation film Panel aperture ratio efficient back light high purity color filter light enhance films Panel aperture ratio Low voltage drive Low power parts Productivity Materials saving Simplified process Volume production Contrast ratio=white/black NW mode V up, black down NB mode V up, white up Light leakage control 3~4%, data line width Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC

70 TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Evolution of LC Speed) Evolution of LCD Speed for Video Quality msec msec 25 msec 90th msec ~ 12 msec ~16 msec ~10 msec gray to gray gray to gray (w/over driving) (w/over driving) Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC Rising time - voltage Falling time - LC viscosity

71 Past 10 year technology Evolution (Panel Size & Glass size) Panel size increases every 2 years NPC : 9.4 (1990) (1994) (1995) (1998) (2002) Monitor : 15.0 (1998) - 17 (2000) - 19 (2002) (1) Continuous Enlargement of Next Gen. Mother Glass 93 - Gen.2 370x Gen.3 550x Gen x Gen.4 680x880, 720x Gen x Gen x 1800 (2) Continuous Process innovation for Low cost mfg. 4 mask TFT Process One Drop Filling - Slit coat - Column spacer achieve cost target for market expansion Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC Gen

72 Past 10 year technology Evolution (Mother glass size) Gen 3.5 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen X X X / / 17 / / 32 TV (32 /40 / 46 ) (X9) (X6) (x15)/(x12) (X2) (x16)/(x8) (X12)(X8)( X6) 600x x x x x Gen 3.5 X Gen 4 X X X Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen 7 Productivity enhance by Gen mother glass Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC

73 TFT-LCD 製造與應用趨勢 TV Application -Technology : a-si -Glass Thick. : mm Enlargement with PC Applications (Note, Monitor) -Technology : a-si -Glass Thick. : 1.1mm / 0.7mm 1000 X 1200 α} + PC Applications -Technology : a-si / Poly-Si -Glass Thick. : < 0.5mm -High Reso. / Higher TACT Tools Mobile Applications (Poly - Si, OLED) -Technology : a -Si/ Poly -Si -Glass Thick. : <0.3mm -High Reso. / Higher TACT Tools Generation Generation-2 Generation Generation-5 Generation-4 Generation-7 Generation YEAR 2002 SEMI PCS-FPD Phase-IV Road Map 73

74 TV MNT NB S&M WW TFT-LCD Fab Gen. Evolution 2X TV 14.1 X 6 G X 6 G3 G2 550*650 3X TV 4X TV 26 X 6 17 X 6 G x 6 G4 15 X 6 600* * * *880 > 5X TV 57 X 6 52 x 8 40 X X 6 G8 42 x 8 G X 12 G7 37 X 6 32 X 8 G6 G5 730* * * *2200 G9? 1950* * * * *1200 Mother glass size grew 1.5 times 1100* *1300 every 3 years 1200* X 2 23 X 2 G2 G6 G5 G4 G3.5 G3 1m x 1m G1 360* * * *

75 75

76 2006/08 Taiwan 第一片 G7.5 產出之 42 TV 面板 76

77 Generation Migration in TFT-LCD Mother Glass size grew 3x per year in average. G8 G7.5 G6 2m x 2m K mm 2 G8 2160x2460 G x2250 G7 1870x2200 G5 G4 G3 G2 1m x 1m G6 1500x G5 1100x G4 680x G x G3 550x G2 370x G1 300x May-90 Jan-93 Oct-95 Jul-98 Apr-01 Jan-04 Oct-06 Relative Glass Size in Each Generation 77 TFT LCD Generation Migration

78 半導體每一世代可延續十年以上平均十五年面積才增加 2.25 倍 6 inch 8 inch 78

79 TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution ( Large Screen LCD-TV Panel) Continuous Race on Panel Size First Samsung 40 inch LCD-TV Aug 01 Samsung 54 inch LCD-TV Dec 02 LG Philips 55 inch LCD-TV Oct 03 Samsung 57 inch LCD-TV Nov 03 Sharp 65 inch LCD-TV Oct 04 Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC

80 Large Size TFT-LCD Samsung 82 ( 05/3) Samsung 57 ( 03/11) Samsung 54 ( 02/12) Samsung 46 ( 02/10) Samsung 40 ( 01/8) LPL 55 ( 03/10/8) LPL 52 ( 02/12) LPL 42 ( 02) Sharp 65 ( 04/10) Sharp 45 ( 04/7) AUO 46 ( 03/9) CMO 47 ( 03/10) SEC 40 SEC 46 LPL 52 AUO 46 LPL 55 Sharp 45 SEC LPL 42 SEC 54 80CMO 47 SEC 57 Sharp 65

81 The World s Largest LCD-TV 82 (2006) 81

82 LCD TV Set Volume Forecast The penetration rate will be 250 approaching Mn Sets 50% next year % % 100% % % 40% 50 20% (F) 2008(F) 2009(F) 2010(F) 0% LCD TV Total TV Penetration 5% 11% 24% 38% 47% 55% 65% 82

83 FPD Equipment Grows up in Taiwan from Different Generation of FPD Equipment 3.5 G 6G Glass size(mm) 620X % 1500X % Foot Print(m 2 ) 5X6 100% 14X15 700% Weight (ton/chamber) % % Weight(ton/set) % % Only Consider Material, Price should be around 5 times 83

84 Weight of G6 Equipment is about that of 20 Elephants 84

85 新世代超乎想像的挑戰 : 克服機台重量 34m? 1 台第 7.5 代 PVD (Source: Ulvac Co.) 125? 台 Camry XLE (Source : Toyota.com ) 85

86 G7.5 巨大機台 PVD 物理氣相沉積 CVD 化學氣相沉積 (Metal Sputter) : 長 9.8 公尺 : 長達, 重量 21 公尺 89, 噸重量 188 噸 Photo : 長達 68 公尺, 重量 242 噸 86

87 Sharp 於大阪設立十代線 從鄰近地區調度材料 近畿地區產研人材支援 薄膜太陽電池 彩色濾光片 凸版 &DNP 玻璃原材料 ( 矽石等 ) TFT 液晶 玻璃 康寧 物流 能源 氣體 化學品等 資料來源 : 日經, 工研院 IEK(2007/11) 87

88 Intelligent Eco 3D TV Eco Display 3D Display and 3D Interaction Intelligent Backlight Smart Circuit Intelligent 3D Interaction ti Eco-3D Image 88

89 3D Related Researches 3D Backlight 3D Human Factor 3D Pixel 3D Interaction 89 3D Components

90 Spatial-Temporal 3D Display Super-Wide Viewing 3D Display Super Wide Viewing [Time-sequential] 3D Display 3D Interaction (3D Touch Panel) (X, Y) + (Z, t( )) Temporal domain x Z Spatial domain Active Scanning Film + Time Sequential Display

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