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1 180 * Jaime Morales Carazo Augusto Cesar Sandino Rubén Darío Roger Pérez de la Rocha Roger Pérez Rubén Darío 1 1 Rubén Darío * 98 ** ** Through the fatal pages of history, ourlandismadeofcourageandglory, our land is made of Humanity. --Rubén Darío, The Return Jaime Morales Carazo Simon Bolivar, Rubén Darío Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua(Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008), p.77

2 Jaime Morales Carazo Rubén Darío Roger Pérez de la Rocha El Somocismo Manuel Alcantara Saez La Revolución Sandinista

3 El Güegüense Rubén Darío 3 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, pp Ola eres M.1994 El Güegüense 3 Ola eres M.

4 Alfredo Gomez Urcuyo El Güegüense 5 El Güegüense Ola eres M. 4 5 Luis Baez 1991 El Güegüense El Güegüense 18 Diriamba San Sebastián Diriamba El Güegüense Güegüense Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.113.

5 Güegüense Güegüense Güegüense Güegüense Güegüense Nahuatl Güegüense huehue el-gueguense-macho-raton.html. El Güegüense 314 Güegüense 6 Güegüense 7 El Güegüense 6 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, pp % 17% 9% 5% Nicaragua

6 6 El Güegüense El Güegüense 8 8 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.115. El Güegüense El Güegüense El Güegüense 185

7 Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal Liberation Theology 9 Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal 1954 Trappist Monastery of Gethsemani Thomas Merton Thomas Merton Ernesto Cardenal Thomas Merton Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal Thomas Merton 1968

8 Ernesto Cardenal 10 Roger Pérez 11 Roger Pérez 10 Primitive Art Naïve Art Henri Rousseau, David Craven, "Interview with Ernesto Cardenal, 1983," Art and Revolution in Latin America, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), p.186. Rubén Darío 7 Mujeres Nicareguenses 7 José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo Roger Pérez

9 188 Roger Pérez Roger Pérez 18 Rubén Darío Roger Pérez Maria Guevara Roger Pérez Jim Walker, "The Art of Solentiname," Pablo Mayorga 8 El Vebedero Solentiname

10 Venada Descarriado Yelba Ubau Pablo Mayorga 1990 La Venada La Venada venada the island of La Venada Solentiname_Islands

11 9 José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo Yelba Ubau Yelba Ubau

12 12 Pablo Mayorga Yelba Ubau Roger Pérez 11 Pablo Mayorga the school of primitivist painting Pablo Mayorga 191

13 Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal 1976 Mayra Jiménez 15 Ernesto Cardenal 14 David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution ( )," Art and Revolution in Latin America, , p David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution ( )," Art and Revolution in Latin America, , p.125. Asila Guillen Ernesto Cardenal 16 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.143.

14 Ernesto Cardenal Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional FSLN Convention Chamorro-Weitzel Tratado Bryan- Chamorro 99 Manuel Alcantara Saez Anastasio Somoza

15 194 Garcia Managua Manuel Alcantara Saez Manuel Alcantara Saez Viva Sandino Sandino Lives, the Struggle Continues Joel C. Sheesley, Sandino in the Streets (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, c1991)

16 Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution ( )," Art and Revolution in Latin America, , pp David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution ( ), " Art and Revolution in Latin Junta of National Reconstruction Ernesto Cardenal 1988 Ernesto Cardenal 24 America, , pp Ernesto Cardenal,"The Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979: A Culture that is Revolutionary, Popular, National, and Anti- Imperialist," 1980 David Craven, Art and Revolution in Latin America, , pp Cardenal 1976 Ernesto 195

17 13 Ernesto Cardenal 196 Cultural Democracy 53% % Nadezhda K. Krupskaya International Cultural Prize Nadezhda K. Krupskaya International Cultural Prize UNESCO International Literacy Prize % 88%

18 14 Ernesto Cardenal 26 Ernesto Cardenal 26 Ernesto Cardenal Barricada David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution ( )," Art and Revolution in Latin America, , pp Nation of Poets 2008 William Gonzales William Gonzales 14 Brumas 27 David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution ( )," Art and Revolution in Latin America, , p

19 Carlos Vargas 1994 Eumomota superciliosa Pablo Mayorga 8 11 William Gonzales Nic Carlos Vargas Carlos Vargas Ometepe Ometepe Carlos Vargas 29 Steven F. White and Esthela, Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, pp

20 Jaime Morales Carazo Samiy Z Samiy Z Nic Nic Nicaragua Samiy Z. Samiy Z

21 Jairo Palacios NICARAGUA 31 Jairo Palacios Nic 1999 Jairo Palacios NICARAGUA 32 Luis Alvarado 19 Genesis 32 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.143.

22 Luis Alvarado José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo Luis Alvarado

23 202 Luis Alvarado 20 Luis Alvarado Luis Alvarado Luis 20 Alvarado Ernesto Cardenal David Craven, "Interview with Ernesto Cardenal, 1983," Art and Revolution in Latin America, , p.185.

24 203 El Güegüense

美国研究

美国研究 2 1994 1994 3 4 1994 1994 5 6 1994 1994 7 8 1994 1994 9 10 1994 1994 11 12 1994 1994 13 14 1994 1994 15 16 1994 1994 17 18 1994 1994 19 20 1994 1994 21 22 1994 1994 23 24 1994 1994 25 1994 26 1994 27 28