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1 21, 19(5): Ecology and Environmental Sciences * PCR, Bacillus Arthrobacter Micrococcus Bacillus subtilis Bacillus pumilus Arthrobacter aurescens Penicillium Aspergillus Alternaria X51 A , [1] [2] [3-5] [6-8] 6.4 hm 2 43 hm t 1 2 m <1-7 cm s t 2 2. mm DTRO Fig.1 Sampling sites in waste landfill JWL-IIC.1 5 µm 95 2 L min -1 4 min 1.5 m liangym812@126.com

2 Table 1 The overview of sampling sites m m 9 2 m 3 m 3 5 g 2 g 5 g 18 g 1 ml 2 g 4 g.5 g.5 g 2 g ml 3.5 ml h h h 2 A Y = Q t Y cfu m -3 A 2 Q (L min -1 ) t (min) SPSS Version 11.5 Microsoft office Excel 23 [9] 2 16S RNA ITS rdna 5.8S PCR 16S 63f(5'-CAG GCC TAA CAC ATG CAA Table 2 Evaluation criterion of airborne microorganism cfu m Ⅶ >4.5 >3.5 >6 Ⅵ 2.~ ~3.5 3.~6. Ⅴ 1.~2..45~ ~3. Ⅳ.5~1..2~.45 1.~1.5 Ⅲ.25~.5.125~.2.5~1. Ⅱ.1~.25.8~.125.3~.5 Ⅰ <.1 <.8 <.3 GTC-3') 1 387r (5'-GGG CGG WGT GTA CAA GGC-3') [1] ITS ITS1F: CTTGGT CATTTAGAGGAAGTAA ITS4: TCCTCCGCT TATTGATATGC PCR Chromas Genetyx NCBI m s % RH 6 [11] 9

3 175 微生物总浓度 /(cfu m -3 ) 细菌浓度 /(cfu m -3 ) A 3 月 6 月 B 3 月 6 月 A B Fig.2 Concentration comparison of airborne microorganism in spring and summer from waste landfill P.5 P.5) cfu m cfu m 微生物浓度 /(cfu m -3 ) 真菌细菌总数 Fig.3 The airborne microorganism concentration of different sampling sites in waste landfill [7] ( 3) PCR Bacillus 61.8% Arthrobacter 28.1% 1.6% Bacillus subtilis, 28.1% Bacillus pumilus, 26.4% Arthrobacter aurescens, 25.3% Bacillus pumilus Micrococcus % 4.8% 6 7% [11-12] Table 3 Ingredient of airborne microorganism in waste landfill / / % % Bacillus subtilis Bacillus pumilus Bacillus megaterium Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus sp Arthrobacter aurescens Arthrobacter sp Micrococcus sp Acinetobacter sp Variovorax sp Penicillium sp Aspergillus sp Alternaria sp Fusarium sp Mucor sp Rhizopus sp Cladosporium sp Trihoderma sp Penicillium 42.6% Aspergillu Alternaria 18.% 13.1% Fusarium Mucor Trihoderma 26.3% [6] [8] Cladosporium)

4 Table 4 Pollution evaluation of airborne microorganism [12-13] [14] [1] CHANG C, CHUNG H, HUANG C, et al. Exposure of workers to airborne microorganisms in open-air swine houses[j]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 21, 67(1): [2] HARGREAVES M, PARAPPUKKARAN S, MIRAWSKA L, et al. A pilot investigation into association between indoor airborne fungal and non-biological particle concentrations in residential houses in Brisbane, Sustralia[J]. The Science of the total Environment, 23, 312: [3] REINTHALER F F, MARTH E, EIBEL U, et al. The assessment of airborne microorganisms in large-scale composting facilities and their immediate surroundings[j]. Aerobiologia, 1997, 13: [4] THORN J, BEIJER L, JOSSON T, et al. Measurement strategies for the determination of airborne bacterial endotoxin in sewage treatment plants[j]. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 22, 46(6): [5] HUANG C Y, LEE C C, LI F C, et al. The seasonal distribution of bioaerosols in municipal landfill site: a 3-yr study[j]. Atmospheric environment, 22, 36: [6],,,. [J]., 26, 26(suppl): YUE Bing, XIA Lijiang, DU Wenli, et al. Airborne microorganism pollution in certain municipal landfill in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 26, 26(suppl): [7],,,. [J]., 29, 28(6): ZHANG Jing, XIA Lijiang, DU Weili, et al. Time-space distribution characteristics of airborne microbes concentration in a municipal landfill site[j]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 29, 28(6): [8],,,. [J]., 29, 3(11): ZHANG Jing, XIA Lijiang, DU Weili, et al. Community structure and time-space distribution chracteristic of airborne fungi in a municipal landfill site[j]. Environmental Science, 29, 3(11): [9]. [J]., 1986, 7(5): XIE Shumin. Background levels of airborne microbe in Beijing-Tianjin Region[J]. Environmental Science, 1986, 7(5): [1] MARCHESI J R, SATO T A, WEIGHTMAN J, et a1. Design and evaluation of useful bacterium-specific PCR primers that amplify genes coding for bacterial l6s rrna[j]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, l998, 64: [11]. [J]., 1994, 21(2): SUN Ronggao. Pollution distribution and composition of airborne microbes in the city of Lanzhou[J]. Microbiology, 1994, 21(2): [12],,,. [J]., 23, 15(5): 6-7. LIN Xia, YIN Xiu, WANG Lixin, et al. An investigation on air pollution of microorganism in the city of Jiaxin[J]. Zhejiang Preventive Medicine, 23, 15(5): 6-7. [13],,,. [J].

5 177, 22, 19(3): ZHANG Sheng, ZHENG Jian, FU Yongchuan, et al. Air pollution by microorganism in urban area of Chongqing and its evaluation[j]. Journal Environmental Health, 22, 19(3): [14],,,. [J]., 27, 21(4): REN Qiwen, WANG Cheng, YANG Ying, et al. Study on airborne microbes concentration of urban-greenbelts in Beijing Yuan Dynasty Capital City Wall Relics Park[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 27, 21(4): Airborne microorganism pollution and its assessment in certain municipal solid waste landfill LIANG Yingmei, ZHANG Liqiu, WANG Yuechao SHI Jingjing 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 183, China; 2. Beijin Orient Landscape CO., LTD., Beijing 12, China Abstrcat: Airborne microorganisms of certain municipal solid waste landfill in Beijing were sampled by impacting method performance. Microorganism concentration was analyzed in order to assess the regional contamination status, and dominant microbial populations were confirmed by homologous comparison of PCR products in dominant colony. The results showed that the main contamination area distributed in exposed landfill and garbage transportation road section with contamination status up to slight pollution, while other area reached clean degree or even in better condition. The airborne microorganism concentration was significantly higher in spring with more blown sand and dusty weather condition than in summer. The mainly microorganism contamination of landfill was caused by over standard concentration of bacteria. In comparison with clean area, the total amounts of bacteria in contaminated region was 13.5 times higher and total microorganism concentration even reached 1.7 times. By contrast, the changes of amount in mold were relevantly small in both kinds of area. The bacteria belonging to different genera including Bacillus, Arthrobacter and Micrococcus were dominant bacteria populations in landfill and occurrence frequency of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Pumilus and Arthrobacter aurescens were relatively high. As to fungal population, the fungus belonging to genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria were dominant populations of the air microorganism in landfill. Key words: municipal landfill; airborne microorganism; pollution state; dominant microorganinsms

1556 地理科学进展 30 卷他关于农村住房结构与抗震性能的研究, 则多是从工程抗灾的角度, 研究某种构造类型的房屋, 力图找到传统房屋的结构失误和新建房屋中存在的问 [

1556 地理科学进展 30 卷他关于农村住房结构与抗震性能的研究, 则多是从工程抗灾的角度, 研究某种构造类型的房屋, 力图找到传统房屋的结构失误和新建房屋中存在的问 [ 第 30 卷第 12 期 2011 年 12 月地理科学进展 PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY Vol.30, No.12 Dec., 2012 中国农村地区住房结构的区域差异及其影响因素 1, 2, 李方一 3 1,, 高晓路 2 2, 王英杰 (1. 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重