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1 , 22(6): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 王海峰, 赵帅, 张伟杰, 经晨晨, 左然涛, 侯受权, 常亚青, 摘要 : (Strongylocentrotus intermedius), (Undaria pinnitafida), 6 60 d, (FBW), (SGR) (FCR) (ΔCV),, FBW SGR FCR ΔCV, FBW ΔCV, (FBW) (ΔCV) (P<0.01), FBW ΔCV (P<0.05) SGR FCR (P<0.01),, SGR (P<0.01); (FCR) (P<0.01);, SGR (P<0.05), FCR SGR, SGR SGR, FCR FCR,,, : ; ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S96 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) (Strongylocentrotus intermedius),, [1], [2],,, Akvaforsk (Salmo salar), 2, 4 18 [3] ; De Donato [4] (Litopenaers vannamei) 4, 0.05 g/d, 11.1%, (Cyprinus carpio) [5] [6],, [7] (Scophthalmus maximus) ; [9], (Patinopecten ye- 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : 863 (2012AA10A412); ( ). 作者简介 : (1990 ),, @qq.com 通信作者 :,,,. yqchang@dlou.edu.cn

2 6 : 1187 soensis) ; [11] [12] [13] (Stichopus japonicus) : [14] [15 16], ; [17], Chang [18] [19], [20], Evans [21], (Crassostres gigas) ; Saillant [22], (Dicentrarchus labrax) ; [23], (Haliotis discus hannai) ; [24], (Poacea canaliculata), ( ),,, Zhang [25],,, [26 28],,, F 4 10, 6,, ( 15.84%, 3.18%, 41.21%, 9.45% [29] ),, 1 Tab. 1 表 1 配合饲料配方及营养组成 Artificial feed formula and nutritional composition % raw material content corn flour 25 wheat flour 21 kelp powder 15 soybean meal 12 fish meal 12 lecithin 1 soybean oil 3 calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2 1) multidimensional 1) 1 2) multi mine 2) 2 antioxidants 1 gelatin 5 nutritional components protein 27 fat 6 :1) ( kg ): A, 1700 IU; D, 1200 IU; E, 45 mg; K, 4 mg; B 1, 4.5 mg; B 2, 10 mg; B 6, 15 mg; B 12, 0.05 mg;, 65 mg; D-, 23 mg;, 5.5 mg; D-, 0.1 mg;, 110 mg. 2) (mg/kg):, 11;, 170;, 34;, 12;, 1.2;, 1.5;, 0.15;, 60;, 200. Note: 1) Vitamin premis (per kg diet): vitamin A, 1700 IU; vitamin D, 1200 IU; vitamin E, 45 mg; vitamin K, 4 mg; vitamin B 1, 4.5 mg; vitamin B 2, 10 mg; vitamin B 6, 15 mg; vitamin B 12, 0.05 mg; nicotinic acid, 65 mg; D-calcium pantothenate, 23 mg; folic acid, 5.5 mg; D-biotin, 0.1 mg; inositol, 110 mg. 2) Mineral premis (mg/kg): copper, 11; iron, 170; zinc, 34; manganese, 12; cobalt, 1.2; iodine, 1.5; selenium, 0.15; magnesium, 60; potassium, 200.

3 , 80, 20% min, 3~4 mm, 20 cm, 4 cm, , 2,, 3 2 ( 41 cm 35 cm 11.7 cm, : 0.8 cm) 2~3 1, 1/3~1/2, 7 1 2~3 1,, , , 60,, (14.96±2.47) ; 32.12±0.29; ph 7.93±0.05; (7.93± 0.05) mg/l Tab. 2 表 2 2 种饵料投喂下各家系实验海胆数量及重复设置 Number of experimental sea urchin and design of replicates in each family fed by two diets number of families and sea urchins diet 1 family1 2 family 2 3 family 3 4 family 4 5 family 5 6 family 6 Undaria pinnitafida artificial feed 1.3 (SGR) (ΔCV) (FCR) : SGR (%/d) = ( lnx 1 lnx 0 ) /t 100%, X 0, X 1, t ΔCV (%) = (SD 1 /X 1 SD 0 /X 0 ) 100%, SD 1, SD 0 FCR =F/(X 1 X 0 ), F Excel, (IBW) (FBW) SGR (FCR) (ΔCV),,,,,, ;, LSD, SPSS 16.0, P<0.05, P< , 100%,,, ;,,

4 6 : 1189 表 3 2 种饵料下海胆体重变异摄食及存活率表型统计量 Tab. 3 Statistics for body weight, variation, feeding and survival rate of sea urchins fed by two diets item Undaria pinnitafida artificial feed initial value final value initial value final value / number /g body weight 1.09± ± ± ±1.61 /% CV for body weight /g total food intake /% survival rate IBW, FBW SGR FCR(TFCR) ΔCV,, FBW ΔCV, SGR TFCR 2.3 4,, 1 2 1, Tab. 4 表 4 饵料家系及二者之间交互作用对海胆生长摄食与变异的影响 Effects of diet, family and diet by family interaction on growth, feeding and variation of the sea urchin parameter FBW SGR TFCR ΔCV IBW family diet family diet : P. IBW. Note: Numbers in the table are P value. When the effect of IBW on parameters such as growth and feeding is not significant, significance levels for the following factors are re-examined without covariates in the analysis model. 1, (P<0.01), (P<0.05). Fig. 1 Effects of family and diet on FBW of Strongylocentrotus intermedius Columns among families or between diets sharing the same superscript are not significantly different. Upper-case letters indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01). Lower-case letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

5 (P<0.01), (P<0.05). Fig. 2 Effects of family and diet on ΔCV of Strongylocentrotus intermedius Columns sharing different upper-case letters indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and lower-case letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05). (P<0.05), 1, 3 ; (P<0.01) 2, (P<0.05), 6 ; (P<0.01) 2.4 SGR FCR 4, SGR FCR (P<0.01) :, SGR (P<0.01), 6, 3, ;,, (P<0.05), SGR ( 3), FCR (P<0.05), FCR, ;, FCR (P<0.05), FCR, 1 3 4, 2 6 ( 4) SGR ** (P<0.01). (P<0.05). Fig. 3 Comparisons among SGRs of different families fed by the same diet ** means SGRs for body weights are extremely significantly different between diets within a family (P<0.01). Values with different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05) between different families. (P<0.01),, SGR FCR, [30] Kennedy [31],,

6 6 : FCR ** (P<0.01). (P<0.05). Fig. 4 Comparisons among FCRs of different families fed by the same diet ** means SGRs for body weights are extremely significantly different between diets within a family (P<0.01). Values with different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05) between different families.,,,,,, 3.2,,, [32 34] Zhang [25] 3 7, Zhang [25],,, : SGR (P<0.01),, SGR (P=0.043),,,,,,,,, [35] [36], 3.3 FBW ΔCV, SGR FCR,, [37] Zhang [25], 3 ( ),, Zhang [25],, SGR, SGR, SGR SGR,,, Zhang [25] FCR, : 3, 3 ; 6

7 , 3, FCR,,, 参考文献 : [1] Chang Y Q, Wang Z C, Wang G J. Effect of temperatuer and algae on feeding and growth in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1999, 23(1): [,,. [J]., 1999, 23(1): ] [2] Kong Y T, Wang Q, Cheng Z M, et al. Study on the feed of salted-undaria pinnatifida suringar instead of fresh kelp to Strongylocentrotus intermedius[j]. Shandong Fisheries, 2001(1): 7 8. [,,,. [J]., 2001(1): 7 8.] [3] Yin S W, Huang H, Lei C G, et al. Studies on the geneticsbreeding of Marine Economic Fishes[J]. Fisheries Science, 2007, 26(7): [,,,. [J]., 2007, 26(7): ] [4] De Donato M, Ramirez R, Howell C, et al. Artificial family selection based on growth rate in cultivated lines of Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda, Penaeidae) from Venezuela[J]. Genet Mol Biol, 2008, 31(4): [5] Li H M, Sun X W. The sustainable development of marine aquaculture in Liaoning by applying the large scale home breeding technology[j]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2002, 4(1): [,. [J]., 2002, 4(1): 7 10.] [6] Gall G A E, Bakar Y. Application of mixed-model techniques to fish breed improvement: analysis of breeding-value selection to increase 98-day body weight in tilapia[j]. Aquaculture, 2002, 212(1 4): [7] Ma A J, Wang X A, Xue B G, et al. Investigation on family construction and rearing techniques for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) family selection[j]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2010, 41(3): [,,,. (Scophthalmus maximus) [J]., 2010, 41(3): ] [8] Huang F Y, He Y Y, Li J, et al. Estimates for the heritability of body length in shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is named Huanghai No.1 [J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2008, 38(2): [,,,. 1 [J]., 2008, 38(2): ] [9] Wang J J, Ding J, Chang Y Q, et al. The growth traits comparison and genetic parameter evaluation of Patinopecten yessoensis in early and mid-stage[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2014, 38(9): [,,,. [J]., 2014, 38(9): ] [10] You W W, Ke C H, Luo X, et al. Heritability of growth traits for small abalone Haliotis diversicolor estimated from sib matings[j] J Shellfish Res, 2010, 29(3): [11] Luan S, Sun H L, Kong J. Heritability of auricularia larval body length for sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2006, 13(3): [,,. [J]., 2006, 13(3): ] [12] Li Y F, Chang Y Q, Tian Y, et al. Heritability of early growth traits in larval and juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[j]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2009, 24(1): [,, 燚,. [J]., 2009, 24(1): ] [13] Meng S Y, Chang Y Q, Li W D, et al. Heritability of four growth traits in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[j]. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2010, 25(6): [,,,. 4 [J]., 2010, 25(6): ] [14] Chang Y Q, Zhang W J, Ding J, et al. Comparison of gonad traits among fam ilies and between genders of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2010, 34(7): [,,,. [J]., 2010, 34(7): ] [15] Shen Y, Ding J, Zhang W J, et al. Correlation and path analysis of quantitative characters among F 3 generation of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius[j]. Journal of Agriculture, 2013, 3(4): [,,,. F 3 [J]., 2013, 3(4): ] [16] Shen Y, Chang Y Q, Liu P J, et al. Analysis of body and gonad traits & nutrient composition among F 2 generation of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius [J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2012, 2(8): [,,,. F 2 [J]., 2012, 2(8): ] [17] Liu X L, Chang Y Q, Xiang J H, et al. Heritabnity of juvenile

8 6 : 1193 growth for the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius[j]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2003, 10(3): [,,,. [J]., 2003, 10(3): ] [18] Chang Y Q, Zhang W J, Zhao C, et al. Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations for growth and gonad traits in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius[j]. Aquac Res, 2012, 43(2): [19] Zhou H S. Study of selective breeding of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius[d]. Dalian Ocean University, [. [D]., 2013.] [20] Xiao S, Yu Z N. Review of selective breeding research and practice in oyster cultivation[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2008, 32(2): [,. [J]., 2008, 32(2): ] [21] Evans S, Langdon C. Effects of genotype environment interactions on the selection of broadly adapted Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 261(2): [22] Saillant E, Dupont-Nivet M, Haffray P, et al. Estimates of heritability and genotype environment interactions for body weight in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) raised under communal rearing conditions[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 254(1 4): [23] Deng Y W, Liu X, Zhang G F. Genotype-environment interaction of growth in Haliotis discus hannai[j]. Marine Sciences, 2005, 29(12): [,,. [J]., 2005, 29(12): ] [24] Huang Y Z, Mao S X. The initial research on genotypeenvironment interaetion of primitive weigh in Ampullzria gigas[j]. Journal of Xinyang Normal University: Natural Science Edition, 1992, 5(1): [,. [J]. :, 1992, 5(1): ] [25] Zhang W J, Zhao C, Chen M, et al. Family growth response to different laboratory culture environments shows genotype environment interaction in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius[j]. Aquac Res, 2013, 44(11): [26] Phillips K, Hamid N, Silcock P, et al. Effect of manufactured diets on the yield, biochemical composition and sensory quality of Evechinus chloroticus sea urchin gonads[j]. Aquaculture, 2010, 308(1 2): [27] Chang Y Q, Lawrence J M, Cao X B, et al. Food consumption, absorption, assimilation and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius fed a prepared feed and the alga Laminaria japonica[j]. J World Aquacult Soc, 2005, 36(1): [28] Pearce C M, Daggett T L, Robinson S. Effect of urchin size and diet on gonad yield and quality in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)[j]. Aquaculture, 2004, 233(1 4): [29] Li X X, Dong S F, Liu H W. Analysis and evaluation on nutritious componentes of Undaria pinnatifidain Yantai sea area[j]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(33): , [,,. [J]., 2010, 38(33): , ] [30] Zhou H S, Chang Y Q, Luo S B, et al. Effects of three feeding models on growth, gonad yield and gonad quality of the sea urchin(strongylocentrotus intermedius) [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2013, 37(7): [,,,. 3 [J]., 2013, 37(7): ] [31] Kennedy E J, Robinson S M C, Parsons G J, et al. Effect of protein source and concentration on somatic growth of juvenile green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis[j]. J World Aquacult Soc, 2005, 36(3): [32] Dupont-Nivet M, Médale F, Leonard J, et al. Evidence of genotype diet interactions in the response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) clones to a diet with or without fishmeal at early growth[j]. Aquaculture, 2009, 295(1 2): [33] Pierce L R, Palti Y, Silverstein J T, et al. Family growth response to fishmeal and plant-based diets shows genotype diet interaction in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[j]. Aquaculture, 2008, 278(1 4): [34] Kvingedal R, Evans B S, Lind C E, et al. Population and family growth response to different rearing location, heritability estimates and genotype environment interaction in the silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima)[j]. Aquaculture, 2010, 304(1 4): 1 6. [35] Thodesen J, Grisdale-Helland B, Helland S J, et al. Feed intake, growth and feed utilization of offspring from wild and selected Atlantic salmo (Salmo salar)[j]. Aquaculture, 1999, 180(3 4): [36] Abdel-Tawwab M, Ahmad M H, Khattab Y A E, et al. Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)[J]. Aquaculture, 2010, 298(3 4): [37] Gjedrem T, Baranski M. Selective breeding in aquaculture: An introduction (1th ed)[m]. Amsterdam: Springer, 2009:

9 Effects of diet, family, and the diet by family interaction on growth, feeding, and phenotypic variation in sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius WANG Haifeng, ZHAO Shuai, ZHANG Weijie, JING Chenchen, ZUO Rantao, HOU Shouquan, CHANG Yaqing Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in the North China s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture; Dalian Ocean University, Dalian , China Abstract: Strongylocentrotus intermedius was introduced to China from Japan in It is the only sea urchin species cultured in China due to its short spines and high gonad quality. Family selection is being applied to genetically improve growth rates and gonad quality of S. intermedius. Families from different environments (water temperature, stocking density, illumination, and culture facility) rank differently during family selection, suggesting a family by environment interaction. However, the diet by family interaction, which is one of the most important environment factors, has not been examined. In this study, two different diets (artificial feed and Undaria pinnatifida) were fed to six families of S. intermedius to examine the effects of diet, family, and the diet by family interaction on final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) for body weight, feed conversion rate (FCR), and change in the coefficient of variation (ΔCV). At the end of the 60-day experiment, we found no significant diet by family interaction effect on FBW or ΔCV. Sea urchins fed U. pinnatifida grew significantly larger and had more uniform FBW than those fed artificial feed (P < 0.01). Significant differences were detected in both FBW and ΔCV among families. These differences suggest that family selection is an effective genetic method to improve FBW and uniformity. We compared the FCRs of S. intermedius families fed macro-algae and artificial feed for the first time. Significant diet by family interaction effects were detected on both SGR and FCR (P<0.01). Sea urchins in all families fed U. pinnatifida had larger SGR and FCR (P<0.01). Both SGR and FCR were significantly different among families fed the different diets (P<0.05). These differences suggest that both SGR and FCR can be improved genetically using family selection. The families fed the two diets were the same when ranked by SGR, suggesting that the interaction effect on SGR was caused by variations in the families between diets. However, family ranking using FCR was the opposite of that for SGR. Re-ranking the families showed that FCR was different based on diet. In conclusion, our results suggest that growth rates, FCR, and uniformity of S. intermedius were improved genetically by family selection. In addition, diet significantly lowered growth rate, FCR, and uniformity when family selection was applied. Breeders should consider the family by diet interaction when FCR is the target trait. Key words: Strongylocentrotus intermedius; family; diet; interaction; growth; feeding; variation Corresponding author: CHANG Yaqing. yqchang@dlou.edu.cn

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Microsoft Word - 22 栗志民.doc 44 6 Vol.44, No.6 2013 11 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Nov., 2013 (Argopecten irradians concentricus) * 1 1 2 2 (1. 524025; 2. 524022) 2011 10 2012 4 (Argopecten irradians concentricus),,,,,,,, (P