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1 39 6 Vol. 39, No ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA Nov., doi: / 孔维静, 3 夏会娟张远侯利萍孙丽慧张楠 (1., ; 2., ; 3., ) CHARACTERISTICS OF RIPARIAN HERBACEOUS VEGETATION AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE WEST LIAOHE RIVER, CHINA KONG Wei-Jing, XIA Hui-Juan, 3, ZHANG Yuan, HOU Li-Ping, SUN Li-Hui and ZHANG Nan (1. Laboratory of Riverine Ecological Conservation and Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing , China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing , China; 3. MOE Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forest Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing , China) : ; ; ; ; Key words: Riparian zone; Species diversity; Water ecotype; Ecoregion; West Liaohe River 中图分类号 : Q948.1 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) [1],,, [2],,, [3], [4, 5],, [6], [6], [7 10],, [11] [12] [1] [13, 14],, [15] [16, 17] [6, 18], [19, 20] [21] [22],, [18] [17],,,,, 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (2012ZX ) 作者简介 : (1978 ),, ; ; kongwj@craes.org.cn 通信作者 : (1980 ),, ; ; zhangnan@craes.org.cn

2 6 : , E, N, 829 km, km 2, 65% [23], : ; ( 1) 443 km, km 2, m,,,, ;,,,, ;, 333 km, km 2, m, 1000 m,,,,,, ;,,,,, m ;,,,, 4, mm,, 7 8, 60%, 2000 mm, 5, mm 1.2, 14 ( 1 14) 26 ( 15 40), , 50 m 1 m, 0 5 m,, ;, [24],, 1.3 [24] Fig. 1 1 Overview of the West Liaohe River watershed and sampling sites

3 , [25],, ; 6 [24] ; [26], : =/ = / Patrick Shannon-Wiener Simpson Pielou, [27] : Patrick : R = S Shannon-Wiener : H' = P i lnp i 2 Simpson : D = 1 P i Pielou : J = H' / lns : S ; P i (RDA) DCA, 1 4.0, (CCA CA DCA); , (PCA RDA); 3.0, [28] <3.0, RDA, CANOCO4.5 () 4,, GPS, ArcGIS, Strahler [30] Excel (one-way ANOVA) SPSS 17.0 α= , (Equisetaceae) (Equisetum)(Equisetum arvense)1, ; 63, 17 38, 45, , , (Gramineae) (Compositae) (Polygonaceae)(Cyperaceae),, (Echinochloa) (Phragmites australis)(calamagrostis epigeios) , 21.05% 21.11% 4, 51.47% 50.00% 56.14%; 57.80% 57.89% 60.00%( 1) 1, (Amaranthaceae) (Cucurbitaceae) (Portulacaceae) (Potamogetonaceae) 10, 40.00%; (Chenopodiaceae)(Ranunculaceae) (Cruciferae) 9, 47.37%; (Scrophulariaceae) (Moraceae)(Euphorbiaceae) 9, 40.91% 1, 73.53% 80.95% 71.93%, 菵 (Beckmannia)(Phragmites) (Juncellus) (Inula)(Xanthium) 表 1 西辽河河岸带草本植物主要科内属和种的组成 Tab. 1 Riparian herbaceous genera and species composition among dominant families in the West Liaohe River Family Genus Ratio (%) Species Ratio (%) Gramineae 15 (9/13) (21.43/22.81) 23 (12/19) (21.05/21.11) Compositae 9 (6/8) (14.29/14.04) 15 (6/14) (10.53/15.56) Cyperaceae 8 (4/8) (9.52/14.04) 13 (6/12) (10.53/13.33) Polygonaceae 3 (2/3) 4.41 (4.76/5.26) 12 (9/9) (15.79/10.00) Total 35 (21/32) (50.00/56.14) 63 (33/54) (57.89/60.00) : : ( / ) Note: Data structure in the table was: the West Liaohe River (Laohahe River/Xilamulunhe River)

4 6 : (Artemisia) (Polygonum); 6 7 ; 1, 7 2 5, (Cyperus) (Rumex) 藨 (Scirpus)(Plantago) ( 2) , 30% 15, 13.76%; 50% 6, 5.50%, (Polygonum persicaria) (Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis)70%; 30% 5% 8, 10% ( 3) 57, 30% 13, 22.81%; 50% 5, 8.77%, 70%; 30% 5% 8, 10% 7, (Artemisia selengensis) 20%( 3) 90, 30% 16, 17.78%; 50% 9, 10%, 70%; 30% 5% 4, 10%( 3) 2.3, 50.46%, 1, 42.20%, 1, 47.37%;, 52.22% 109,, 62, 56.88%;, 25, 22.94%;, , 56.14% 57.78%;, 24.56% 23.33%; (P>0.05) Shannon-Wiener Simpson Pielou ,, ( 2) Shannon-Wiener Simpson Pielou ,, 4, RDA ( 3): (P<0.05); Shannon-Wiener Simpson Pielou (P<0.05), (P>0.05), 50%;, 25.4%; 15.5%;, 9.2% 3 3.1,,, [4 6] 表 2 西辽河河岸带草本植物主要属 ( 物种数 3) 的物种组成 Tab. 2 Riparian herbaceous species composition among genera in the West Liaohe River West Liaohe River Laohahe River Xilamulunhe River Genus Species Ratio (%) Genus Species Ratio (%) Genus Species Ratio (%) Artemisia Polygonum Potentilla Echinochloa Cyperus Rumex Roegneria Chenopodium Typha Plantago

5 Tab. 3 表 3 西辽河及其支流河岸草本植物物种 ( 频度 30%) 的基本信息 Information of riparian herbaceous species (frequency 30%) in the West Liaohe River and its tributaries Species Life-form Hydrological ecotypes Frequency (%) Coverage (%) West Liaohe River Polygonum persicaria Echinochloa crusgali var. mitis Calamagrostis epigeios Potentilla anserina Phragmites australis Bidens tripartita Xanthium sibiricum Mentha haplocalyx Equisetum arvense Polygonum hydropiper Agrostis clavata Setaria viridis Echinochloa crusgalli Polygonum lapathifolium 藨 Scirpus triqueter Laohahe River Polygonum persicaria Polygonum hydropiper Bidens tripartita Echinochloa crusgalli Echinochloa crusgali var. mitis Calamagrostis epigeios Mentha haplocalyx Eragrostis pilosa Oenanthe javanica Potentilla anserina Setaria viridis 藨 Scirpus triqueter Artemisia selengensis Xilamulunhe River Echinochloa crusgali var. mitis Polygonum persicaria Potentilla anserina Phragmites australis Calamagrostis epigeios Xanthium sibiricum Equisetum arvense Agrostis clavata Bidens tripartita Mentha haplocalyx Polygonum lapathifolium Setaria viridis Polygonum hydropiper 藨 Scirpus triqueter 萹 Polygonum aviculare Juncus bufonius

6 6 : 1271 表 4 调查样地的环境因子信息 Tab. 4 Environmental factors of different investigated sites Sampling sites 海拔 Altitude (m) 河宽 Channel width (m) 湿宽 Channel wet width (m) 等级 Stream order

7 Fig. 2 Riparian herbaceous species diversity along the Laohahe River 3 RDA Fig. 3 RDA ordination of riparian herbaceous species diversity in relation to environmental factors,,, ;,, [18], 藨, 2,,, [18], [29],,,,,, 3.2,, [24], [27],,, ,, [23],,,,, [13, 18, 31], [17],,, [23],,,,,,,,,, [32],

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1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)(

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)( 24 1 Vol.24 No.1 94 2008 1 Transactions of the CSAE Jan. 2008 2008 1 100094 2 100035 3 100081 4 100081 5 100101 GIS ( ) 65.12 16.82 13.74 15.27 11.07 t/(hm 2 a) 10.93% 41.43% 46.93% 65.4%. Bi Jiye, Zhu