Developing Biorefinery by Utilizing Agriculture and Forestry Biomass Resources : Striding For ward the Carbohydrate Era Min Enze 3 (Research In

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1 18 2Π PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 18 No. 2Π3 Mar., ,,,,,,,, (review), (overview) ; (retrospective), (perspective) ;, 3 ( ) ;, ; : TQ51712 : A : X(2006) 02Π : ( ) 3 e2mail sinopec. com

2 Developing Biorefinery by Utilizing Agriculture and Forestry Biomass Resources : Striding For ward the Carbohydrate Era Min Enze 3 (Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing , China) Abstract The biorefinery proposed by U. S. companies based on corn and waste biomass is first reviewed, and then two types of biorefinery suitable for China s biomass resources and present production technologies are presented. With sorgo and cassava as raw materials, an ethanol2biorefinery for production of ethanol2gasoline and chemicals is ex2 plored, and with rape seed and cotton seed oil as raw material, a biodiesel2biorefinery with production of chemicals is al2 so explored. The associated problems and measures taken are discussed. Key words ethanol gasoline ; biodiesel ; biorefinery 1 20 ( 2020 Π ) Π, [2 ] : (1) %, 2050, 50 % ; (2) ; (3), [3 ] :, 2020, 1,32 20 % ;, ; (OCED) (National Research Council), (bio2economy) [1 ] 212 Table 1 The goal of bio2economy in USA put forward by National 2003, Research Council [1 ] products liquid fuel biomass products proportion, % organic chemicals > 90, % 25 % :,, ( Cargill Dow LLC) 2003 Kirkpartrick [4,5 ],

3 2Π % 50 % ; 3, [5 tπa 2002 ] ,32 (DuPont Inc. ) 1,32 ( PDO) 213 PDO 25 % PDO Sorona tπa [8 ] (Cargill Inc. ) 1,42 Blair Neb,,, (biorefinery) [6 ],,, ( Iogen Corp. ) 3 [7 ] 2003 : 770, [8 ] 1 Fig. 1 Cargill Inc s biorefinery concept based on corn [8 ] PureVision Technology ( ) ( ) [9 ] 2 : [10 ] [11 ],

4 PureVision Technology Fig. 2 PureVision Technology Inc(Colorado, USA) s biorefinery concept based on waste biomass [9 ] , : GB (1) GB (2) [ ],,, Π, CO 2 Π 30 Π 3 32 Π , 1970, Π, 1 000, 20 60, ( ) ( ) [9 ] , Π

5 2Π3 135, mm,, (1),, [13 ] 013, 2 5 ( 15 % 25 %), Π , 2, 8 000, % , Π, : ; Π Π ; Π,,,,,, ( ( 55 60h), 65 %) (8 % 9 %), 13 %, : ; ; (fuel2ethanol refinery) (2),, 3 3 Fig. 3 Scheme of fuel2ethanol refinery,,, E10 ( 10 % )

6 : B20 ; 14 %, 13 %, SO 2 70 % : (1) : ; (2) ;, (65 %), ; ; (3), ;, 2 3 ;, ; [14 ; (4) ],,,, Π CO 2,, 5 10 Π,, 3. 2, (biodiesel), C 12 C 24, ( 4 ),, ;, CH 2 OOC R 1 CH OOC R 2 CH 2 OOC R 3 + 3CH 3 OH catalyst CH 3 OOC R 1 CH 3 OOC R 2 CH 3 OOC R 3 + CH 2 OH CH OH CH 2 OH , Fig. 4 Reaction scheme for the transesterification of triglycer2 ; ides with methanol 863 ; : ( 10 %, ; ) ; ( ) ; , ;, B100 B20 ( 20 % )

7 2Π Π : (1) 3 Π ; ( ) Π [15 ] : ( Π ) 25 Π, (2) [ ] ;,5 10 Π 20 Π 2007 [17 ] (3) 1 2 Π, , ;,,, [18, ],, 1,32 (1) B5 B20, 5 % 20 % 1 Π,, ; 70 % 85 %,, ( 20, Π ), 2 Kgrbitz, % [19, 4 ] : (1) 37 % ; (2), ; (3) ; (4),,, (2), 100 % ( B100 ) 2004 : (1) 2 % ( 900, 180 ) 89 ; (2) 2 % ( ), : ; (3) 85 % ; ( ) ;

8 138 18, ( ) 31215, (biodiesel refinery), 5 10 Π ( 5 ),, 5 Fig. 5 Scheme of the biodiesel refinery 1,32 [20 ( refining pro2 ] cessing) (chemical processing) 6 [21 ] : ;, ; [21 ] 6 Fig. 6 Chemical process of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) [21 ]

9 2Π3 139, [22 ] ; ;, [22 ] 2, Table 2 The production & sales status of soybean methyl ester2de2 rived products in USA [22 ] 1,32 (PTT) ; producer & producer & products products ; suppliers suppliers adhesives 2 agricultural adjuvants 5 ; dust suppressants 6 dielectric fluids 2, hydraulic fluids 5 industrial cleaners 29 industrial lubricants 13 metalworking fluids 13 odor reduction 2 paint strippers 6 printing inks 29 printing supplies 3, 1,32 So2 rona, 1 7 [23 ] [23 ] 7 Fig. 7 Chemical process of glycerol [23 ]

10 140 18, 3, Table 3 The price of part products from fatty acid methyl esters ; and glycerin 1,32 32, ;,, palmityl alcohol (99 %) , :,, 1,32, : ;, ; ; ;, 1 2 Π,5 ; 20 Π, (, )! Π Π (5 000 Π ) products price ( Πt) fatty acid methyl esters(acid value < 5) coconut oil methyl esters methyl stearate (diary2chem grade) methyl palmitate (99 %) methyl laurate (99 %) fatty alcohols(c8 C18) fatty alcohols(c12 C14) fatty alcohols(c16 C18) glycerin(pharmaceutic grade) glycerin(industrial grade) ,32propylene glycol (99 %) : ( ) [ 1 ] Thayer A, C&EN, 2000, 78(22) :40 [ 2 ] (Zhu C H). (Web of Research Center for Rural Economy). http : ΠΠwww. rcre. org. cnπztyjπrcre2a1021. htm. [ 3 ] (Shi Y C). (Science and Technology Daily). Mar 2, 2005

11 2Π3 141 [ 4 ] Nicholas P C. Chemical Engineering, Nov., 2003, 42 [ 5 ] Nicholas P C. Chemical Engineering, Nov., 2003, 43 [ 6 ] Mirasol F. Chemical Market Reporter. New York, Apr 5, 2004 [ 7 ] VanArnum P. Chemical Market Reporter. New York, Apr 5, 2004 [ 8 ] Wood A. Chemical Market Reporter. New York, Feb 11, 2004 [ 9 ] PureVision Technology Inc. http : ΠΠwww. purevisiontechnology. comπtechnologyπbiorefineryschematic. html [10] Kampen W H. http : ΠΠwww. lsuagcenter. comπcommunicationsπ LouisianaAgricultureΠagmagΠ45-4-articlesΠbiorefinery. asp. [11] Pure Energy Corp http : ΠΠwww. pure2energy. comπproductsπbiore2 finery. html [12] (Zhang Y X), (Cao X H), (Shi J C). ( Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Gaso2 line). (Beijing) : ( Sinopec Publishing Company), [13] (Li D J). (Review of China Agricul2 tural Science and Technology), 2003, 5(4) : 48 [14] (Min E Z), (Du Z X), (Hu J B). (Science and Technology Review), 2005, 23(5) : 15 [15] http : ΠΠwww. jfdaily. com. cnπgbπnode2πnode17πnode167π node69579πnode69589πuserobject1ai html [16] http : ΠΠwww. cenews. com. cnπnewsπ π php ;ht2 tp : ΠΠwww. biotech. org. cnπnewsπnewsπshow. php? id = [17] http : ΠΠwww. jms. gov. cnπgl - newπdetail. asp? newsid = [18] (Min E Z), ( Tang Z), (Du Z X), (Wu W). (Engineering Science), 2005, 7(4) : 1 [19] Watkins C. Inform., 2005, 16(3) : 133 [20] National Biodiesel Board. http : ΠΠwww. biodiesel. orgπresourcesπ reportsdatabaseπreportsπgenπ gen2051. pdf [21] Mittelbach M, Remschmidt C. Biodiesel : The Comprehensive Handbook. Vienna : Boersedruck Ges. m. b. H, [22] United Soybean Board Products Guide. http : ΠΠwww. unit2 edsoybean. org [23] Tyson K S, Bozell J, Wallace R, et al. Biomass Oil Analysis : Research Needs and Recommendations. Technical Report of NREL. NRELΠTP , 2004 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : ( ) FCC ( ) ( )

2011-12月32期

2011-12月32期中国农学通报,27(32):92-97 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 中国植物油产业发展现状问题及对策研究周振亚, 李建平, 张晴, 罗其友 ( 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 0081) 摘要 : 在对中国油料作物重新