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1 46 1 Vol.46, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Jan., 2015 (Zostera marina) ( ) * ( ; ), ( ), :, ;, (P<0.01); (P<0.01),, (14.89±0.040)kJ/g,,, (8.15±0.079)kJ/g;, (P<0.01); : > > 1> 2>>> ; N/P 27.08, P ; N/P,, ; (P<0.01), (P<0.01); (P<0.05) ; ; ; ; ; Q948 doi: /hyhz (Zostera marina L.), (Zosteraceae) (Zostera),, (Den Hartog, 1970;, 2011),,, (Duarte, 1990) (Short et al, 2007) (Marion et al, 2010)(Reusch et al, 2000; Lucas et al, 2012), 20 80, (1982) (1981, 1983),, (, 2007;, 2007), (, 2007;, 2013;, 2013),,, (, 2003;, 2005) 20 30, (Long, 1934),, (, 1983), (, 1995;, 1999;, 2009), *, ;, ;, J ,, guifu1988@gmail.com :,,, xingkun84@gmail.com : , :

), (Zosteraceae) (Zostera),, (Den Hartog, 1970;, 2011),,, (Duarte, 1990) (Short et al, 2007) (Marion et al, 2010)(Reusch et al, 2000; Lucas et al, 2012), 20 80, (1982) (1981, 1983),, (, 2007;,

2 1 : (Zostera marina) ( ) 213, (2011) (Zostera japonica),, (1993) (2003),, ( "N, "E) (200m 400m), 3 (10m 10m),, 10%,,,, (, 2011) 1,, 2 1 3, 1 ( : < 1), 1 2 4, 2 5, ( 1 2, ), 1, 2, 1, 2, 1 1 2,, 60 C, IKA T11, :, 550 C 5h 3 : Parr 6400 (, Gross caloric value, GCV)(Ash-free caloric value, AFCV) 3, ±200Jg 1, :, 80 C N P C N VARIO EL III ; P, (Zhou et al, 2003) 1.4 (AFCV)= /(1 ) SPSS19.0 Excel (One-way ANOVA) Tamhane s T2 (One-way ANOVA) S-N-K ,, 2, 2 (11.16± 6.62)cm, (P< 0.01) 2 (30.30±11.14)cm,, (P<0.01), (P<0.05), 1 (P>0.05) 1 (P>0.05)

3 :, 550 C 5h 3 : Parr 6400 (, Gross caloric value, GCV)(Ash-free caloric value, AFCV) 3, ±200Jg 1, :, 80 C N P C N VARIO EL III ; P, (Zhou et al,

3 Fig.1 The leaves length of Z. marina in different growth stages in Zhangzi Island December 2012 (P<0.01), (P<0.05) ,,, (P<0.01), : (18.46%±0.12%)< (20.38%±0.10%)< 1(23.23%±0.03%)< 2(26.53%±0.05%)< (29.33%±0.09%) 1 2, (P<0.01), (45.51%± 1.02%), (35.13%±1.02%) (23.58%±4.10%) 2 Fig.2 Ash contents of the root, rhizome, and leaves of Z. marina in different growth stages (P<0.01) 1,, 表 1 Tab.1 大叶藻须根根状茎和不同生长阶段叶片的热值 The calories of root, rhizome and leaves of Z. marina in different growth stages (%) (kj/g) (kj/g) 45.51±1.02 A 8.15±0.079 A 14.94±0.046 A 35.13±1.02 B 10.57±0.003 B 16.29±0.004 B 18.46±0.12 C 14.89±0.040 C 18.28±0.019 C 20.38±0.10 D 14.26±0.006 D 17.91±0.061 D ±0.03 E 14.03±0.098 E 18.29±0.051 C ±0.05 F 13.10±0.089 F 17.86±0.032 D 29.33±0.09 G 12.20±0.109 G 17.26±0.042 E : (P<0.01), (P<0.01), : [(14.89±0.040)kJ/g]> [(14.26±0.006)kJ/g]> 1[(14.03±0.098)kJ/g]> 2[(13.10±0.089)kJ/g]> [(12.20±0.109)kJ/g] 1, (P<0.01), [(8.15±0.079)kJ/g], [(10.57±0.003)kJ/g] [(13.70±0.981)kJ/g] 1, [(14.94±0.046)kJ/g], [(P<0.01) [(16.29±0.004)kJ/g] [(17.92±0.420)kJ/g], 1[(18.29±0.051)kJ/g], [(17.26±0.042)kJ/g] , >> ; C/N C/P >> ; N/P > >, (> > 1> 2>), C/N C/P ( < < 1< 2<) N/P (< < 1> 2>) , (P<0.01), C/N C/P

01) 1,, 表 1 Tab.1 大叶藻须根根状茎和不同生长阶段叶片的热值 The calories of root, rhizome and leaves of Z. marina in different growth stages (%) (kj/g) (kj/g) 45.51±1.02 A 8.15±0.079 A 14.94±0.046 A 35.

4 1 : (Zostera marina) ( ) 215 表 2 大叶藻须根根状茎和不同生长阶段叶片的元素含量 ( 碳氮磷 ) Tab.2 Element contents (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) of root, rhizome, and leaves of Z. marina in different growth stages (%) (%) (%) C/N C/P N/P 表 3 大叶藻热值与元素含量 ( 碳氮磷 ) 的 Pearson 相关关系 Tab.3 Pearson correlation between caloric values and element contents (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) of Z. marina C/N C/P N/P ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** C/N ** C/P : ** 0.01 ( ) ; * 0.05 ( ) (P<0.01) (P<0.05), (P<0.01) C/N (P<0.05), C/N C/P (P<0.01) C/N C/P (P<0.01) N/P, (P>0.05), C/N C/P, (P>0.05); N/P (P>0.05) 4 4, (P<0.05) 表 4 大叶藻热值与元素含量 ( 碳氮磷 ) 之间的线性关系 Tab.4 Relationships between caloric values and element contents (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) of Z. marina Y Y=AX+B X A B R 2 N P < < < < < < < <0.0001

32 1 33.35 3.90 0.284 9.99 302.84 30.34 2 31.70 3.25 0.264 11.36 310.13 27.28 30.17 2.62 0.223 13.44 349.60 26.02 表 3 大叶藻热值与元素含量 ( 碳氮磷 ) 的 Pearson 相关关系 Tab.

5 , 88.4d,, 345dPosidonia oceanica(halophila ovalis), 80 90d (Hemminga et al, 1999),, Lee (2004) Great Bay Estuary Narragansett Bay Waquoit Bay, ,,, Wang (1999) (2004) (2003) (2011),, (P<0.01), 1 2, 3.2,,, (2010), 35.95% Brix (1983), 18.2% 20.0% 10% 15% (, 2011), 18% 45% (Ceriops tagal)(bruguiera sexangula)(, 2000)(, 1993),, (P<0.01), Siegal-Willott (2010) (lignin),,, (400mg/gDW) (200mg/gDW), 10%(Cabello-Pasini et al, 2004),, ;,, ;,, (, 1999) : >> (, 1995) Pradheeba (2011), (Enhalus acoroides) (Halophila beccarii) (Halophila ovalis) (Cymodocea rotundata) ; (Cymodocea serrulata) Halodule uninervis ; (Halodule pinifolia) (Syringodium isoetifolium),,,,,,, ;,, ;,,, (, 2011),

0% 10% 15% (, 2011), 18% 45% (Ceriops tagal)(bruguiera sexangula)(, 2000)(, 1993),, (P<0.

6 1 : (Zostera marina) ( ) 217 (1991),,, >>,, 3.3 N P (Yamamuro et al, 2005) Lee (2004),, Wang (1999) Bruguiera gymnorrhiza,, 60%48%,,, 12%, 88% (Pedersen et al, 1992) Hemminga (1999) 20.4%, 21.9%,,,,,,,,,,,, (2013), > >, C/N C/P, N/P N P (Koerselman et al, 1996), C/N C/P,, N/P, 27.08Koerselman (1996) N/P, N/P>16, (2013) (2013) C/N, C/N 13.24, (P<0.01), (P<0.01),,,, 1%, 200J/g (Cassida et al, 2005) (2009) 20, (P<0.05), (P<0.01),, (Populus alba Populus bolleana) (P>0.05), (P<0.01)(, 2011b), 3, (P<0.01) (2003), (P>0.05), (P<0.01), (P<0.05)(, 2011),, Wang (1999) (y=0.074x+0.029, R 2 =0.867, n=10, P< 0.01), (y=11.857x+0.132, R 2 =0.944, n=7, P<0.0001)

9%,,,,,,,,,,,, (2013), > >, C/N C/P, N/P N P (Koerselman et al, 1996), C/N C/P,, N/P, 27.08Koerselman (1996) N/P, N/P>16, (2013) (2013) C/N, C/N 13.24, 10.35 3.

7 218 46,,, (P<0.01), (Populus russkii), (P>0.05), (P<0.01), 0.677(, 2011a), (, 2011b),, (P<0.01),,,, (P<0.01),,,,,,, (P<0.01)(, 1993) (2003) (R 2 = ), (R 2 =0.846), (R 2 =0.729), 3.5,,,,,, [(14.89±0.040)kJ/g], (18.46%±0.12%),, 1 [(18.29±0.051)kJ/g],,, 1, (Dugong dugon) (Halophila ovalis), (Yamamuro et al, 2005), Pradheeba (2011),, (Enhalus acoroides) (Cymodocea rotundata), (phenol)(tannin),,,,, , (S0): ,,, (Zostera japonica)., 35(11): 48 51,, , 19(3): ,,, , 23: ,,, , 37(1): 42 48,,, , 12(1): 1 4, , (2): 34 37,, , 13(4): 78 87,, , 1(1): 84 89,, , 7: ,,, , 24(7): ,,, :, 2 177,,, , 14(3): ,, , 15(2): ,,, , 28(2): 43 48,,, , 11(2):

051)kJ/g],,, 1, (Dugong dugon) (Halophila ovalis), (Yamamuro et al, 2005), Pradheeba (2011),, (Enhalus acoroides) (Cymodocea rotundata), (phenol)(tannin),,,,, 2007.., (S0): 112 120,,, 2011.

8 1 : (Zostera marina) ( ) 219,,, 2011a.., 40(6): ,,, 2011b. 8., 38(4): 21 25,,, , 24(4): ,,, , (4): ,,, , 23(3): ,,, C N., (2): 17 19,,, , 26(3): 33 39,,, , 20(3): ,,, , 20(3): Brix H, Lyngby J E, Schierup H H, Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) as an indicator organism of trace metals in the Limfjord, Denmark. Marine Environmental Research, 8: Cabello-Pasini A, Muñoz-Salazar R, Ward D H, Biochemical characterization of the eelgrass Zostera marina at its southern distribution limit in the North Pacific. Ciencias Marinas, 30: Cassida K A, Muir J P, Hussey M A et al, Biofuel Component Concentrations and Yields of Switchgrass in South Central U. S. Environments. Crop Science, 45: Den Hartog C, The sea-grasses of the world. North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands: Duarte C M, Seagrass nutrient content. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 67: Hemminga M A, Marbà N, Stapel J, Leaf nutrient resorption, leaf lifespan and the retention of nutrients in seagrass systems. Aquatic Botany, 65: Koerselman W, Meuleman A F, The vegetation N: P ratio: a new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33: Lee K S, Short F T, Burdick D M, Development of a nutrient pollution indicator using the seagrass, Zostera marina, along nutrient gradients in three New England estuaries. Aquatic Botany, 78: Long F L, Application of cabrimetric methods to ecological research. Plant Physiology, 9: Lucas C, Thangaradjou T, Papenbrock J, Development of a DNA barcoding system for seagrasses: Successful but not simple. PloS ONE, 7(1): e29987 Marion S R, Orth R J, Innovative techniques for large-scale seagrass restoration using Zostera marina (eelgrass) seeds. Restoration Ecology, 18(4): Pedersen M F, Borum J, Nitrogen dynamics of eelgrass Zostera marina during a late summer period of high growth and low nutrient availability. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 80: Pradheeba M, Dilipan E, Nobi E et al, Evaluation of seagrasses for their nutritional value. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 40: 105 Reusch T B H, Stam W T, Olsen J L, A microsatellite-based estimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision in Zostera marina, a marine flowering plant. Molecular Ecology, 9: Siegal-Willott J L, Harr K, Hayek L A C et al, Proximate nutrient analyses of four species of submerged aquatic vegetation consumed by Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) compared to romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 41: Wang W, Lin P, Transfer of salt and nutrients in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza leaves during development and senescence. Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 3: 1 7 Yamamuro M, Chirapart A, Quality of the seagrass Halophila ovalis on a Thai intertidal flat as food for the dugong. Journal of Oceanography, 61: Zhou Y, Zhang F S, Yang H S et al, 2003.Comparison of effectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters, aquatic organisms and sediments by ignition method. Water Research, 37:

) as an indicator organism of trace metals in the Limfjord, Denmark. Marine Environmental Research, 8: 165 181 Cabello-Pasini A, Muñoz-Salazar R, Ward D H, 2004.

9 CALORIC VALUES, ELEMENT CONTENTS (CARBON, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS) OF ZOSTERA MARINA AND THEIR CORRELATIONS YANG Gui-Fu 1, XING Kun 1, LI Geng 2, LIU Hai-Ying 1, PAN Yu-Zhou 2, ZHANG Li 2 (1. College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian , China; 2. Yingkou Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yingkou , China) Abstract The root, rhizome, and leaves of eelgrass Zostera marina L. were collected from the coast of Zhangzi Island in Dalian, Liaoning Province. The leaves were sampled in five age categories from new leaf to old one in different sizes. Ash contents, caloric values and element contents (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), and the correlations among those plant parts were studied. When leaves grew up, the ash contents gradually increased. On the other hand, gross caloric value (GCV) in the different parts showed significant difference (P<0.01), of which the new leave was the largest for (14.89±0.040)kJ/g. When leaves grew up, the GCV gradually decreased; and the lowest was found in the root for (8.15±0.079)kJ/g. Ash-free caloric value (AFCV) of leaves of different ages was slightly different from each other. Contents of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus showed the same trend: young leaves > old leaves > rhizome > root. N:P ratios in the different parts were similar in average of 27.08, revealing phosphorus limitation for this species. The different distribution of these indices reflected the energy transfer from older tissues to younger ones and energy storage in active tissues. Ash contents was in significantly negative correlation with GCV, AFCV, carbon content, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content (P<0.01). GCV was in significant positive correlation with all chemical elements contents (P<0.01). Moreover, there were significant linear relationships between caloric values and the contents of those elements (P<0.05). Key words Zostera marina L.; leaves at the different growth stages; ash contents; caloric values; elemental contents; correlation

Yingkou Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yingkou 115004, China) Abstract The root, rhizome, and leaves of eelgrass Zostera marina L.

1556 地理科学进展 30 卷他关于农村住房结构与抗震性能的研究, 则多是从工程抗灾的角度, 研究某种构造类型的房屋, 力图找到传统房屋的结构失误和新建房屋中存在的问 [

1556 地理科学进展 30 卷他关于农村住房结构与抗震性能的研究, 则多是从工程抗灾的角度, 研究某种构造类型的房屋, 力图找到传统房屋的结构失误和新建房屋中存在的问 [ 第 30 卷第 12 期 2011 年 12 月地理科学进展 PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY Vol.30, No.12 Dec., 2012 中国农村地区住房结构的区域差异及其影响因素 1, 2, 李方一 3 1,, 高晓路 2 2, 王英杰 (1. 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重