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1 2015 9, 22(5): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 卢明杰 1, 姜涛 2, 刘洪波 3, 陈婷婷 2 2, 3, 杨健 1., ; 2., ; 3., 摘要 :, ( ) (Coilia nasus), (Sr/Ca 10 3 ), (Sr/Ca 10 3 <3), (3<Sr/Ca 10 3 <7), Sr, ( ) ( ), 1000 km : ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S931 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) (Coilia nasus),, [1],,, [2],,,, [3],,,,, km, m 3[4] 1000 km, ,,,, (Sr) (Ca) ( Sr/Ca ) [5 10], [4 5, 11], [12 13] (Coilia ectenes taihuensis) (Coilia brachygnathus), ( ) Sr 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ). 作者简介 : (1989 ),,, @163.com 通信作者 : (1964 ),,,. jiany@ffrc.cn

5 : 979 (Sr/Ca ) [3, 14], Sr Ca,, ( ) 7 μm 7 μm ( ), 2 (CaCO 3 ) (SrTiO 3 ) 1 1.1 2014 8 1 ( 1, 10 km) 47, 7 ( ), 7 ( 1), (, ), [3],,, JEE-420 1.2 [5] JXA-8100 (EPMA) 10 μm 1 Fig.

2 5 : 979 (Sr/Ca ) [3, 14], Sr Ca,, ( ) 7 μm 7 μm ( ), 2 (CaCO 3 ) (SrTiO 3 ) ( 1, 10 km) 47, 7 ( ), 7 ( 1), (, ), [3],,, JEE [5] JXA-8100 (EPMA) 10 μm 1 Fig. 1 Sampling location of Coilia nasus Tab. 1 表 1 刀鲚标本的信息 Details of Coilia nasus samples sample code /cm total length /g body weight /mm head length /mm upper jaw length * sexual maturity* 14XJCE III 1+ 14XJCE III 1+ 14XJCE III 2+ 14XJCE III 1+ 14XJCE II 1+ 14XJCE III 2+ 14XJCE III 2+ : *. Note: * denotes visual gonad maturity. analysis item Tab. 2 表 2 电子探针分析的条件 The analysis parameters of electron probe microanalysis /kv accelerating voltage /A beam current /μm beam diameter /a age /s dwell time life history transect analysis X-ray intensity map analysis

3 Excel 2007, SPSS 19.0 (Mann-Whitney U-test) Sr/Ca Sr/Ca, 3 ( 2) : μm 680 μm 1190 μm 720 μm 750 μm 1000 μm 940 μm, Sr/Ca ; 2 930~1560 μm 690~1540 μm 1200~1600 μm 730~1240 μm 760~1530 μm 1010~2060 μm 950~1570 μm, Sr/Ca ; 3 Sr/Ca 7 Sr/Ca (P<0.01), 14XJCE02 14XJCE03, 1 3 (P>0.05) 1 3 (P<0.01), 2, 3 Sr/Ca Sr 3,, 3, Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr/Ca Fig Sr/Ca Otolith Sr/Ca ratio transects of 7 Coilia nasus samples collected from the Xinjiang River, Jiangxi Province

4 5 : 981 Tab. 3 sampling code 表 3 信江刀鲚耳石 Sr/Ca 比的变化 Variance of Sr /Ca ratio in otoliths of Coilia nasus from the Xinjiang River, Jiangxi Province Sr/Ca phases of otolith Sr/Ca ratios variation /μm distance from otolith core number of detected points n=7; x ±SD Sr.. Ca/ XJCE ±0.51 a ±0.71 b ±0.41 a 14XJCE ±0.49 a ±0.71 b ±0.33 c 14XJCE ±0.51 a ±1.09 b ±0.51 c 14XJCE ±0.47 a ±0.64 b ±0.67 a 14XJCE ±0.59 a ±0.97 b ±0.92 a 14XJCE ±0.64 a ±0.98 b ±0.95 a 14XJCE ±0.63 a ±1.05 b ±0.69 a : Sr/Ca (P<0.01); (P>0.05) (Mann-Whitney U-test). Note: Sr/Ca ratios with different superscript letters are extremely significantly different (P<0.01), with the same superscript letters are not significantly different (P>0.05) among different phase (Mann-Whitney U test). 3 Sr Sr 16, ( ),, ( ). Cn: Sr, Ave: Sr. Fig. 3 Displaying Sr content in the otolith of Coilia nasus from the Xinjiang River, Jiangxi Province with X-ray intensity mapping The values corresponding to Sr concentrations are represented by 16 colours from blue (lowest), through green and yellow, to red (highest). Cn: Sr concentration; Ave: average of Sr concentrations.

5 982 22, 1, 2, 3 ( 3, 3) 3, [14 15], (Coilia mystus) (Mugil cephalus) Sr/Ca, Sr/Ca 3 : <3, 3~7, >7( - ), 3 [5, 14],, Sr/Ca ( 2),, ; Sr, ( 3), Yang [14], ( 1, Sr/Ca 3, 3 ), ( 2, Sr/Ca 3 7, 3 ) ( 3, 3 )( 3), (14XJCE02 14XJCE03) 3 1 (P<0.01), 2 ( 1 ), 3,, 40 [3], ( ) 1, 14XJCE03 1, Sr/Ca, ( 3), ( ) 1000 km, [3] 200 km 800 km,,,, 20~25 cm, 1000 km, (Oncorhynchus keta), ( 60 cm), ( 1000 km) [16], (homing) ( ), [17], [18], [19], / ( I~III ) [20], IV, III [21],,

6 5 : 983 (5 7 ),, 4 10 [21], II~III,,,,, [22] ( ) [23],,,, (Macrura reevesii),, [24 25],,, 参考文献 : [1] Yuan C M, Qin A Q, Liu R H, et al. On the classification of the anchovies, Coilia, from the lower Yangtze River and the southeast coast of China[J]. Journal of Nanjing University: Natural Sciences, 1980(3): [,,,. [J]. :, 1980(3): ] [2] Zhang M Y, Xu D P, Liu K, et al. Studies on biological characteristics and change of resource of Coilia nasus schlegel in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources Environment Yangtze Basin, 2005, 14(6): [,,,. [J]., 2005, 14(6): ] [3] Jiang T, Zhou X Q, Liu H B, et al. Two microchemistry patterns in otoliths of Coilia nasus from Poyang Lake, China[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2013, 37(2): [,,,. [J]., 2013, 37(2): ] [4] Tong X F. Fishery status and resource conservation strategies from Xinjiang River waters[j]. Jiangxi Fishery Sciences and Technology, 2009(4): [. [J]., 2009(4): 9 11.] [5] Yang J, Liu H B. Otolith microchemistry of grey mullet Mugil cephalus from Chongming water in the Yangtze River estuary, China[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2010, 17(4): [,. [J]., 2010, 17(4): ] [6] Wells B K, Bath G E, Thorrold S R, et al. Incorportation of strontium, cadmium, and barium in juvenile spot scales reflects water chemistry[j]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 2000, 57(10): [7] Gillanders B M. Otolith chemistry to determine movements of diadromous and freshwater fish[j]. Aquat Living Resour, 2005, 18(3): [8] Arai T, Yang J, Miyazaki N. Migration flexibility between freshwater and marine habitats of the pond smelt Hypomesus nipponensis[j]. J Fish Biol, 2006, 68(5): [9] Arai T, Goto A, Miyazaki N. Migratory history of the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus[j]. Ichthyol Res, 2003, 50(1): [10] Secor D H, Rooker J R. Is otolith strontium a useful scalar of life cycles in estuarine fishes?[j]. Fish Res, 2000, 46(1-3): [11] Xu G C, Gu R B, Liu H B, et al. Fluctuation of Sr/Ca in otoliths of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River and the validation for the migratory history of anadromous[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2014, 38(7): [,,,. Sr/Ca [J]., 2014, 38(7): ] [12] Tsukamoto K, Nakai I, Tesch W V. Do all freshwater eels migrate? [J]. Nature, 1998, 396(6712):

7 [13] Hamilton S L, Regetz J, Warner R R. Post settlement survival linked to larval life in a marine fish[j]. PNAS, 2008, 105(5): [14] Yang J, Arai T, Liu H B, et al. Reconstructing habitat use of Coilia mystus and Coilia ectenes of the Yangtze River estuary, and of Coilia ectenes of Taihu Lake, based on otolith strontium and calcium[j]. J Fish Biol, 2006, 69(4): [15] Zhong L, Guo H, Shen H, et al. Preliminary results of Sr.. Ca ratios of Coilia nasus in otoliths by micro-pixe[j]. Nucl Instrum Meth A, 2007, 260(1): [16] Wang J L, Liu W, Tang F J. Analysis of biological traits of Chun salmon (Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum)in the Amur River, China[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2013, 20(1): [,,. ( ) [J]., 2013, 20(1): ] [17] Mcdowall R M, Gross M R, Coleman R M. Aquatic productivity and the evolution of diadromous fish migration[j]. Science, 1988, 239(4845): [18] Mcdowall R M. Diadromy, diversity and divergence: implications for speciation processes in fishes[j]. Fish Fish, 2001, 2(3): [19] Mcdowall R M. Anadromy and homing: two life-history traits with adaptive synergies in salmonid fishes?[j]. Fish Fish, 2001, 2(1): [20] Guan W B, Chen H H, Ding H T, et al. Reproductive characteristics and conditions of anadromous Coilia ectenes (Engraulidae) in Yangtze Estuary[J]. Marine Fisheries, 2010, 32(1): [,,,. [J]., 2010, 32(1): ] [21] Li Y X, Xie S G, Li Z J, et al. Gonad development of an anadromous fish Coilia ectenes (Engraulidae) in lower reach of Yangtze River, China[J]. Fish Sci, 2007, 73(6): [22] Li W B. The investigation on the spawning grounds of main commercial fish in Chongyangxi River around Jianyang City[J]. China Fisheries, 2014(3): [. [J]., 2014(3): ] [23] Zhang J, Qian X B, Bai C R, et al. Space-time distribution characteristics of zooplankton Xinjiang River and its water quality assessment[j]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2013, 35(6): [,,,. [J]., 2013, 35(6): ] [24] Jiang H, Wang L Q, Guan Y L, et al. Resources investigation of Yangtze River Reeves shad and cause analysis of being endangered[j]. Jouranal of Hydroecology, 2009, 2(4): [,,,. [J]., 2009, 2(4): ] [25] Qiu S L, Huang M G, Chen D Q. The studies on current resource status of Yangtze River Reeve's shad and causes of degradation[j]. Freshwater Fisheries, 1998, 28(1): [,,. [J]., 1998, 28(1): ]

8 5 : 985 Existence of anadromous Coilia nasus in Xinjiang River of Jiangxi Province as determined by otolith microchemistry LU Mingjie 1, JIANG Tao 2, LIU Hongbo 3, CHEN Tingting 2, YANG Jian 2, 3 1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai , China; 2. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi , China; 3. Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi , China Abstract: The estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae) is a highly commercial migratory fish species in the Yangtze River. Because of adverse human activities such as overfishing, C. nasus production has sharply declined. Investigating the large-scale distribution of this fish is very important for evaluation of its resources and habitat. Previous evidence revealed the existence of anadromous C. nasus in Poyang Lake; this study was conducted to confirm whether there is also anadromous C. nasus in the Xinjiang River. An electron probe microanalyzer was applied to analyze Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns in otoliths of C. nasus collected from the Ruihong section of the Xinjiang River (the most distant branch of Poyang Lake, ~1000 km from the Yangtze River estuary) near Yugan County in Jiangxi Province. Line transect results clearly showed a complex Sr/Ca ratio (i.e., Sr/Ca 10 3 ) pattern, including low-ratio freshwater habitat (Sr/Ca 10 3 <3) and high-ratio seawater habitat (3<Sr/Ca 10 3 <7), which clearly demonstrates that the anchovies had experienced anadromous migration. These two microchemistry patterns verify, for the first time, the existence of anadromous C. nasus in the Xinjiang River. Home spawning is thought to be the main reason for such a long migratory for the anchovy in the Xinjiang River, resulting from natural selection for relatively stable spawning conditions. A 1000-km migratory distance reflects an extremely strong migration ability of C. nasus, which is a relatively small fish. The anchovies enter into the Xinjiang River to visit habitat required for spawning and early life stages, and there are likely spawning grounds of anadromous C. nasus in this river. Key words: Coilia nasus; otolith; electron probe microanalyzer; Xinjiang River; Poyang Lake Corresponding author: YANG Jian. jiany@ffrc.com

% GIS / / Fig. 1 Characteristics of flood disaster variation in suburbs of Shang

% GIS / / Fig. 1 Characteristics of flood disaster variation in suburbs of Shang 20 6 2011 12 JOURNAL OF NATURAL DISASTERS Vol. 20 No. 6 Dec. 2011 1004-4574 2011 06-0094 - 05 200062 1949-1990 1949 1977 0. 8 0. 03345 0. 01243 30 100 P426. 616 A Risk analysis of flood disaster in Shanghai