QUATERNARY SC IENCES Vol. 28, No. 1 January, (2008) (, ) 3 MD2904,MD2901 MD2897,,, M IS 3, M IS 3, M I

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1 QUATERNARY SC IENCES Vol. 28, No. 1 January, (2008) (, ) 3 MD2904,MD2901 MD2897,,, M IS 3, M IS 3, M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 1 M IS 5 M IS 3, (D /O Heinrich ), M IS 3,,, M IS 3 M IS 5, M IS 3 P A (M IS 3),, M IS 3 [ 1 3 ] M IS 3,, , mm;, 115, 700mm [ 1 ],M IS 3 3 (3a, 3b 3c), M IS 3 ( 40 30kaB1P. ),, 4, 40% 100%, [ 2 5 ], 58 28kaB1P., [ 6 ] M IS 3 Heinrich Dansgaard2Oeschger [ 7, 8 ], M IS 3 M IS 3 [ 2 21 ], [ 9 ],,,,, [ 22, 23 ], 3, M IS 3, M IS 1,M IS 2,M IS 4 M IS 5, 1,,,,,,,,,, 1, 25 27, : 42 E2mail: zhenghb@mail1tongji1edu1cn 3 ( : ) ( : 2004CB720506) ,

1 : 3 69 22 25, 12 18 ; 7 27 28, /, ( ) ( ),, ;, ; - ( ), ( 1) 1 Fig.

2 1 : , ; , /, ( ) ( ),, ;, ; - ( ), ( 1) 1 Fig. 1 Map of sites in the South China Sea, 184, [ 13, ], 3, Marion Dufresne 2005, Marco2Polo, ( IMAGES) 12 MD2897,MD2901 MD2904 3, 3 ( 1) : MD N, 111 O E, 1658m; MD N, E, 1454m; MD N, E, 2066m,,,,, 3 3 4cm,, Beckman Coulter LS230,, MD2904 ( SST) (U k 37 ), 8cm 650 3, HF + HNO 3, PE Elan6000 ICP2MS ICP2AES, CaO MD2897 8cm, Elementar ( 011% ) MD2897, MD2897 MD2901 SPECMAP [ 26 ], Globigerinoides ruber( Pink) AMS 14 C, MD2904, ( SST) SPECMAP [ 26 ],, -, 2 3 (SST), MD2904 U k 37 SST ( 2c) : SST ( 2d),, SST SSTs SSTs 4, [ 13, 27 ] SST 80ka

4 1 : 3 71, (M IS 2 4),M IS 3 M IS 2 M IS 4 1 2, M IS 3, M IS , M IS 3 6, 24kaB1P., 29kaB1P., 39kaB1P., 4518kaB1P., 54kaB1P. 5915kaB1P., H2 H6, [ 18, 28 ] M IS 3 ODP1145 SST [ 27 ] ( 2a 2b) MD2904 SST ( 2c),, MD2148 [ 29 ] ( 2e 2f), -,,M IS 3 M IS 1 M IS 5, M IS 2 [ 23 ], M IS 3 M IS 1 M IS 5, M IS 2,,, 2 7 m [ 25 ],, 2 7 m 8 25 m -, (M IS 2, M IS 3, M IS 4 M IS 6) (M IS 1 M IS 5),,,,, 8 25 m, 8 25 m M IS 3,,, Redfit [ 30 ] MD2904 M IS 3 SST 2 7 m 8 25 m, M IS 3 3 3,, MD2904,, Ekman, [ 31 ], M IS 3 M IS 1 M IS 5, M IS 2 M IS 4,, 3 (M IS 3) M IS 1 M IS 5,,,, M IS 1 M IS 5 ODP1144,, M IS 3, M IS 4,, [ 24 ] - MD ,, [ 32 ] MD2901 SO17954 MD2901 SO17954 SST 1) M IS , ) M IS 3, M IS 2 M IS 4,, M IS 3 M IS 3 M IS 5, M IS 5, [ ] 1), ( 3) 2 7 m 8 25 m, 2 7 m SST, 8 25 m 2 7 m,, MD2901 F lorisphaera profunda [ 38, 39 ] M IS 3 150ka ( 3e) M IS 3, 1).. :, 1999

6 1 : 3 73 M IS 3 M IS 3 M IS 4, M IS 1 M IS 5, M IS 5, 150ka, M IS 4, M IS 3, M IS 3 ( 3b), M IS 3 M IS 3 M IS 4) M IS 1 M IS 5,,,,, 4 3 /,, M IS 3 [ 38 ],,, [ 41 ], MD2897 MD2151 SST, ODP1143 F1profunda F1profunda 1) 4, M IS 5, M IS 3 M IS 1, F1profunda, [ 39 ],,, M IS 3,,,, M IS 3,,,,, / ( + ) 100ka, [ 40 ] 3 (M IS 3) [ 42 ], M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 1 M IS 5 M IS 3 SST, 26, 2414, D2O [ 42 ],,, [ 43, 44 ],, ODP1143 F1profunda [ 43 ],M IS 3 M IS 4 M IS 5, M IS 1 M IS 2 M IS 3, 36ka m 60 m ( 60 m [ 43 ], F. profunda M IS 3 011%, ), SPSS13, m m m ( 3 i 3 j),, M IS 3,,, M IS 4 M IS 5, ( 4h),,,, C, ODP1143 C 1) M IS 3 M IS 2, M IS 4 M IS 5, M IS 3,, m M IS 3, m / ( + ), ( 3g 3h) (M IS 2, - MD2897, 3 5 m 1)

8 1 : 3 75 [ 13 ], MD2897 < 2 m,, [ 45, 46 ],, 3 5 m,, 3 5 m,,,, 3 5 m,,, 5 M IS ,M IS 3 M IS 2 M IS 4 1 2, ; M IS , M IS 3 M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 3, ; M IS , M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 1 M IS 5, SST,,,, M IS 3,, 8 25 m -, (M IS 2,M IS 3, M IS 4 M IS 6) (M IS 1 M IS 5),,,, 8 25 m m / ( + ), ( 3g 3h) (M IS 2,M IS 3 M IS 4) M IS 1 M IS 5,,,,, 3 5 m,,,,,,, M IS 3,,,,M IS 3 M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 5 M IS 3 M IS 1 M IS 5, M IS 2 M IS 4 ; M IS 3 150ka,,,, ;,,,,,, M IS 5,M IS 3 M IS 1, F. profunda, [ 39 ],, M IS 3,,,,, M IS 3,,, M IS 3,, M IS 3, M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 5 M IS 3, M IS 3, SST [ 27 ] ( GISP2) [ 10 ] [ 28 ] ( 2 ), 150ka SST 18 O

9 , M IS 3 SST, M IS 3 (D /O Heinrich ),, M IS 3 (40 30kaB1P. ), ( 1000, ), 6 150ka, : (1) M IS 3, M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 1 M IS 5 M IS 3, (D /O Heinrich ) (2) 8 25 m m 3 5 m -, M IS 3,,, M IS 3 M IS 2 M IS 4, M IS 5 (3) M IS 3, M IS 3, M IS 3 M IS 5, (4) M IS 3, M IS 3 (40 30kaB1P. ),, M IS 3 ( IMAGES) 2005 MARCO2POLO,! (R e fe rence s) 1,,. M IS 3., 2003, 23 (1) : Huang Zhenguo, Zhang W eiqiang, Jiang Lum ing. Climatic characteristics in trop ic areas of China during M IS 3. Q uaternary Sciences, 2003, 23 (1) : ,, kaBP., 2002, 14 ( 1) : 1 11 Shi Yafeng, Jia Yulian, Yu Ge et al. Features, impacts and causes of the high temperature and large precip itation event in the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent area during 40 30kaBP. J ourna l of L ake Sciences, 2002, 14 (1) : , kaB1P.., 2003, 23 (1) : 1 11 Shi Yafeng, Yu Ge. W arm2hum id climate and transgressions during 40 30kaB1P. and their potential mechanism s. Q uaternary Sciences, 2003, 23 (1) : , kaB1P.., 2003, 23 (1) : Yang Bao, Shi Yafeng. W arm2hum id climate in Northwest China during the period of 40 30kaB1P. : Geological records and origin. Q uaternary Sciences, 2003, 23 (1) : Shi Yafeng, L iu Xiaodong, L i B ingyuan et a l. A very strong summer monsoon event during 30 40kaBP in the Q inghai2xizang ( Tibet) Plateau and its relation to p recessional cycles. Chinese Science B ulletin, 1999, 44 (20) : W ang Y J, Cheng H, Edwards R L et al. A high resolution absolute2 dated Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu cave, China. Science, 2001, 294: Heinrich H. O rigin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast A tlantic Ocean during the past 130, 000 years. Q uaternary Research, 1988, 29 (2) : Bond G, Showers W, Cheseby M et a l. A pervasive m illennial2scale cycle in North A tlantic Holocene and glacial climates. Science, 1997, 278: ,,. 3., 2004, 24 (5) : Yang Dayuan, Chen Kefeng, Shu Xiaoming. A p relim inary study on the paleoenvironment duringm IS 3 in the Changjiang Delta region. Q uaternary Sciences, 2004, 24 (5) : Grootes P M, Stuiver M, W hite J W C et a l. Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GR IP Greenland ice cores. N ature, 1993, 366: Fang X M, Ono Y, Fukusawa H et a l. A sian summer monsoon instability during the past 60, 000 years: Magnetic suscep tibility and pedogenic evidence from the western Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth and P lanetary Science Letters, 1999, 168 (3 4) : Chen F H, B loemendal J, W ang J M et al. H igh2resolution multi2 proxy climate records from Chinese loess: Evidence for rapid climatic changes over the last 75kyr. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclim atology, Palaeoecology, 1997, 130 (1 4) : W ang L, Sarnthein M, Erlenkeuser H et a l. East A sian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: H igh2resolution sediment records from the South China Sea. M arine Geology, 1999, 156 ( 1 4 ) : ,,. M IS 3., 2003, 23 (1) : L i Yumei, L iu Tungsheng,W u W enxiang et a l. Paleoenvironment in Chinese Loess Plateau during M IS 3: Evidence from Malan Loess. Q uaternary Sciences, 2003, 23 (1) : 70 76

10 1 : ,,. M IS 3., 2004, 24 (3) : Chen Yimeng, Rao Zhiguo, Zhang Jiawu et al. Comparative study of M IS 3 climatic features recorded in Malan loess in the western part of the Loess Plateau and global records. Quaternary Sciences, 2004, 24 (3) : ,,. M IS 3., 2003, 23 (1) : Yu Ge, Lai Geying, L iu Jian et a l. Late M IS 3 climate simulations. Q uaternary Sciences, 2003, 23 (1) : ,,. DSDP188 3., 2006, 26 (2) : He Yuanpeng,W ang Rujian, Zheng Hongbo et al. Paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic records from DSDP Site 188 in the Bering Sea since marine isotop ic stage 3. M arine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2006, 26 (2) : ,. 3., 2006, 26 (3) : Huang Baoqi, Yang W enyu. Variations of upper water structure in M IS 3 from the northern South China Sea. Q uaternary Sciences, 2006, 26 (3) : ,,.., 2004, 24 (3) : Q in Jiam ing, Yuan Daoxian, Cheng Hai et al. A high resolution Late Pleistocene climato2stratigraphy of 4 stalagmites from Q ixing Cave, Duyun, Guizhou. Q uaternary Sciences, 2004, 24 (3) : ,,.., 2002, 22 (3) : Peng Zicheng, Zhang Zhaofeng, Cai Yanjun et al. The paleoclimatic records from the Late Pleistocene stalagm ite in Guizhou Q ixing Cave. Q uaternary Sciences, 2002, 22 (3) : ,,.., 2005, 25 (2) : Cheng Hai, Edwards R L, W ang Xianfeng et al. Oxygen isotope records of stalagmites from Southern China. Q uaternary Sciences, 2005, 25 (2) : ,,.., 2002, 8 (4) : , 314 Zhu Zhaoyu, Q iu Yan, Zhou Houyun et al. A summary review of research p rogress on global change in the South China Sea. Journal of Geom echanics, 2002, 8 (4) : , :, , 123 W ang Pinxian. South China Sea Since 150ka. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, , Luo Yunli, Chen Huaicheng,W u Guoxuan et al. Records of natural fire and climate history during the last three glacial2interglacial cycles around the South China Sea. Science in China ( Series D ), 2001, 44 (10) : W ehausen R, B rum sack H J1A stronom ical forcing of the East A sian monsoon m irrored by the composition of Pliocene South China Sea sediments. Earth and P lanetary Science Letters, 2002, 201: Imbrie J, Hays J D, Martinson D G et al. The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: Support from a revised chronology of the marine 18 O record. In: Berger A, Imbrie J, Hays J eds. M ilankovitch and Climate Part 1. Holland: D1Reidel, Oppo D W, Sun Y. Amp litude and tim ing of sea2surface temperature change in the northern South China Sea: Dynam ic link to the East A sian monsoon. Geology, 2005, 33 (10) : W ang Y, Cheng H, Edwards R L et al. The Holocene A sian Monsoon: L inks to solar changes and North A tlantic Climate. Science, 2005, 308: Chen M T, Chen Y Y, Fang T S et al. The structure of the last deglaciation in South China Sea high2resolution records: IMAGES core MD In: Chen C T ed1marine Environment: The Past, Present, and Future. Taiwan Kaohsiung: The Fuwen Press, Schluz M, Mudelsee M. REDF IT: Estimating red2noise spectra directly. Com puters & Geosciences, 2002, 28 (3) : Shaw P T, Chao S Y. Surface circulation in the South China Sea. D eep2sea Research, 1994, 41: W iesnerm G, Zheng L,Wong H K et a l. Fluxes of particular matter in the South China Sea. In: Ittekkot V, Schafer P, Honjo S et a l. eds. Particle Flux in the Ocean. New York: John W iley and Sons L im ited, ,.., 1999, (6) : Huang Baoqi, Jian Zhim in. Late Quaternary coastal upwelling and variations of the East A sian Summer monsoon off the V ietnam coast. Q uaternary Sciences, 1999, (6) : ,,.., 2001, 46 (11) : Huang Baoqi, Jian Zhim in, Cheng Xinrong et a l. Late Quaternary upper2water column structure in upwelling areas of the South China Sea. Chinese Science B ulletin, 2001, 46 (20) : Huang B, Jian Z, Cheng X et al. Foram iniferal response to upwelling variations in the South China Sea over the last years. M arine M icropaleontology, 2002, 47 (1) : Jian Z, Huang B, Kuhnt W et al. Late Quaternary Upwelling Intensity and East A sian Monsoon Forcing in the South China Sea. Q uaternary Research, 2001, 55: ,,. 22., 2005, 25 (2) : Q ing Ziqi, L iu L ianwen, Zheng Hongbo. Sedimentological and geochem ical records of East A sian monsoon in summer upwelling region off the coast of V ietnam for the past years. M arine Geology & Q uaternary Geology, 2005, 25 (2) : ,,. 48., 2006, 26 (6) : Xiang Fei,W ang Rujian, L i Jianru et al. H igh2resolution records of biogenic components and their paleoceanographic implications in the upwelling area of the South China Sea off eastern V ietnam over past 480ka. M arine Geology & Q uaternary Geology, 2006, 26 (6) : ,,. 45., 2007, 27 (2) : Su Xiang, L iu Chuanlian, L i Jianru. Coccolith evidence for variations in upper ocean water in upwelling area off the coast of V ietnam for the past years. M arine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27 (2) : L iu Zhifei, Zhao Yulong, L i Jianru et al. Late Quaternary clay m inerals off M iddle V ietnam in the western South China Sea: Imp lications for source analysis and East A sian monsoon evolution. Science in China ( Series D), 2007, 50 (11) : Tamburini F, Adatte T, Follm i K et a l. Investigating the history of East A sian monsoon and climate during the last glacial interglacial period ( 0 140, 000 years) : M ineralogy and geochem istry of ODP Sites 1143 and 1144, South China Sea. M arine Geology, 2003, 201 (1 3) :

11 Zhao Meixun, Huang Chiyue, W ang Chiachun et a l. A m illennial2 scale U K 37 sea2surface temperature record from the South China Sea (8 N ) over the last 150 kyr: Monsoon and sea2level influence. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclim atology, Palaeoecology, 2006, 236 (1 2) : ,,.., 2001, 21 (4) : L iu Chuanlian, Zhu Youhua, Cheng Xinrong. Calcareous nannofossil evidence for variations in Quaternary surface water paleop roductivity in the southern South China Sea. M arine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2001, 21 (4) : W ang Rujian, L i Jian. Quaternary high2resolution opal record and its paleoproductivity imp lication at ODP Site 1143, southern South China Sea. Chinese Science B ulletin, 2003, 48 (4) : L iu Z, Colin C, Trentesaux A et a l. Erosional history of the eastern Tibetan Plateau since 190 kyr ago: Clay m ineralogical and geochem ical investigations from the southwestern South China Sea. M arine Geology, 2004, 209 (1 4) : L iu Zhifei, Colin C, Trentesaux A et al. Clay m ineral records of East A sian monsoon evolution duringlate Quaternary in the southern South China Sea. Science in China ( Series D), 2005, 48 (1) : M AR I NE ISO TO PE STAGE 3(M I S 3) O F SO UTH CH I NA SEA Zheng Hongbo Yang W enguang He Juan Mei Xi Chen Guocheng Xie Xin Huang Enqing Su Xiang Q iao Peijun ( School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji U niversity, Shanghai ) Abstract Marine Isotope Stage 3 (M IS 3, kaB1P. ) is an interstadial during the Last Glaciation1Many paleoclimatologists and marine geologists have paid attentions to it because it is characterized by m illennial2to subm illennial2scale variations, such as the Heinrich events and Dansgaard2Oeschger events. The most p rom inent feature of M IS 3 is the climatic instability, which is found in ice core records, loess section, lacustrine sedim ents, stalagm ite records, and deep sea sedim ent cores. Three cores(md2904,md2901, and MD2897) from the northern, western, and southern slopes of South China Sea respectively, were studied to dep ict the paleoceanographic features of the South China Sea during M IS 3. Through analyses of grain size, carbonate content, organic geochem istry, and elem ent compositions, incorporating w ith p revious research, the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic conditions during M IS 3 in the South China Sea were reviewed. Results indicated that M IS 3 is a relatively warm period w ithin the Last Glaciation. SSTs during M IS 3 are slightly higher than M IS 2 and M IS 4 and significantly lower than M IS 1 and M IS 5. SST estimated by using the U k 37 alkenone index shows that SSTs vary between and in the northern part of South China Sea, and decreased at 24kaB1P., 29kaB1P., 39kaB1P., 4518kaB1P., 54kaB1P., and 5915kaB1P., corresponding w ith Heinrich 2 6 events. SSTs in the south varied from 2414 to SSTs estimated by p lanktonic foram iniferal transfer function ( FP212E) shows that SSTs change from 2310 to 2615 during winter, from 2815 to 2917 during summer in the west. M illennium2scale rap id climatic events (D /O events and the Heinrich events) recorded in Greenland Ice Core have responded in the northern, western, and southern South China Sea, w ith global synchronization features respectively. During the later phase of M IS 3 ( 40 30kaB1P. ), the H igh Temperature and Large Precip itation Event, which was first found in the Tibetan Plateau, is not distinctly disp layed in the South China Sea and only shows a little stronger trend in the southern part of the South China Sea. Grain2size analysis reveals that 8 25 m size fraction in the north, m in the west, and 3 5 m in the south have obvious glacial/ interglacial cycles, which may indicate the changes of sea level. Sea level of M IS 3 is higher than M IS 2 and M IS 4, but lower than M IS 5. M IS 3 of South China Sea show s high paleop roductivity, which has close relations to East A sian monsoon. DuringM IS 3, w inter monsoon was dom inant in northern South China Sea, and summer monsoon was dom inant in the west and south. Paleop roductivity ofm IS 3 in the north is higher than M IS 1 and M IS 5, but lower than M IS 2 and M IS 4. In the west, paleop roductivity ofm IS 3 is the highest since 150kaB. P. and changes greatly. In the south, paleop roductivity of the interglacial is higher than that of glacial. The p roductivity, and by inference, monsoon intensity in the southern South China Sea duringm IS 3 is greater than that duringm IS 5, a feature needs further study. Key words South China Sea, M IS 3, last glaciation, East A sian monsoon

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Microsoft Word - 1--齐继峰_new_.doc 45 6 Vol.45, No.6 2014 11 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Nov., 2014 * 1, 2, 3 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 (1. 266071; 2. 266071; 3. 100049) 1956 2005 PN, NCEP,, (PDO),, 19 33Sv, 24.30Sv(1Sv=10 6 m 3 /s);, 1956 2005