1 1, 2, 3 : 852~473 cm, ; 473~178 cm, - ; 178~0 cm,.,. SG C, 1~2 mm, 1~2 cm, ,. SG E 1 cm, 110,, 210 Pb 137 Cs., (Ruppia Maritima)

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1 2 ka * (, ;, *, fhchen@lzu.edu.cn; mrqiang@ires.cn). 210 Pb, AMS 14 C 14 C, 2 ka.. δ 18 O, δ 18 O ; δ 13 C,., 2 ka, 5 : 0~190 AD, ; 190~580 AD, ; 580~1200 AD(MWP), ; 1200~1880 AD(LIA), ; 1880~1950 AD, 20 50,. 2 ka, 2 ka. 2 ka,, (PAGES)., [1~3] [4] [5,6] [7~11] 2 ka,, 20., km 2,.,, ; [12~17]., 2 ka.,, 2 ka 50 a, 2 ka,. 2 ka. 1 (38 51 N, E) ( 1),, 2800~3200 m. 2.75, 18.7 mm, mm,.,,.,.,,.,., 8~15 km,, km 2, 2.5 m, 5.0 m g/l, Cl-SO 4 -Na-Mg, ph 8.5, 2.18 m/s(25 )., HCO 3 Mg 2+ /Ca 2+, mg/l 21. [18],, , Piston, 5. SG C, SG D SG E, N, E, 4.6 m. SG C 8.52 m, 8.34 m. SG D SG E, m.,. SG C 转载

2 1 1, 2, 3 : 852~473 cm, ; 473~178 cm, - ; 178~0 cm,.,. SG C, 1~2 mm, 1~2 cm, ,. SG E 1 cm, 110,, 210 Pb 137 Cs., (Ruppia Maritima) AMS 14 C. GRAB 36, 3~5 cm , 16, ,. 210 Pb 137 Cs, 5 g,, ml, EG & G Ortec Ortec 919 IBM 16k γ. 14 C,, 5, LKB MAT-252, CO 2 -H 2 O, 0.05, SMOW. SG C, 250 cm 29.7%~89.1%, 49%.., 2, µm; 125 µm,, (vital effects) µm,. X (XRD). ( 1),, 50%, (<8.2%).,,. Mg/Ca,,, Victoria [19].,

3 ,,,,,.,.,..,.,.,,. 1 (<38.5 µm) XRD /cm /% /% /% /% SG-C SG-C SG-C SG-C Delta Plus, [20]. 20~30 mg, 1 ml 100%, min, CO 2,. δ 13 C δ 18 O , R = (R R )/R 1000 (PDB, R = δ 13 C/ δ 18 O). 29 cm, 1 cm; 29 cm, 4 cm SG E 210 Pb 137 Cs Pb (CRS),, [21,22]. 210 Pb, 0.31 cm/a, 26.6 cm Pb Cs, 1963, 210 Pb, [23], 137 Cs [24]., 210 Pb.,, 4 AMS 14 C.,,,,, [25]. KIA18572, δ 13 C ( 2).,,, Pb 137 Cs

4 2 SG C AMS 14 C / /cm δ 13 C/ 14 C /a BP /Cal a BC KIA18567 SG-C ± ; 1200; 1191; 1177; 1163; 1140; 1131 KIA18568 SG-C ± ; 1360; 1347; 1344; 1316 KIA18569 SG-C ± KIA18571 SG-C ± ; 4415; 4414 KIA18572 SG-C ± ; 5855; 5843.,, 14 C. AMS 14 C ( 2) : 98.6 cm, 14 C ( )a BP., 0.31 cm/a, AMS 14 C. [26] ( 2), 210 Pb, 2200 a., 14 C. PM , 2594 a. δ 13 C 16.2, PM , 2433 a. AMS 14 C 14 C, AMS 14 C (2200 a).,,,. δ 13 C., 2 ka, 212 cm 2000 Cal a BP. 29 cm 9~11 a, 29 cm 42 a. 2.2 SMOW : δ 18 O ~ ; δ 18 O, ; 2.98 ; δ 18 O 2.40 ~ 5.85, δ 18 O 8.47 ~ 3.90, 0.99.,, 5, 190, 1200, 1370, AD ~ 2.06, δ 13 C 5, 0~190, 580~ ~2000 AD; 190~ ~1960 AD. : AD, ; 1330, AD, 0.56, ~1200 AD,,, 800 AD. 580~800 AD, ; 800~1200 AD δ 18 O [27,28]., δ 18 O, δ 18 O (P/E) [29~31]. [32] : ( ).,., (Inflow/Evaporation). δ 18 O,., δ 18 O I/E [33]. ( ) (TDIC) [34], δ 13 C

5 3 2 ka (a) 1800~2000 AD, 9~11a(b) 1~5, TDIC [35]. TDIC [29,36] : CO 2, CO 2,., Rhodes [29], δ C < 2, ; δ C +2, CO 2,. [36] 2 δ 13 C, 2., CO 2, δ 13 C [37]., TDIC. δ 18 O, 2 ka, ( 3), ( ), 2 ka Mg/Ca,,., TDIC., TDIC CO 2.,, 11 3, CO 2. δ 13 C [33]. ( 60 km), 1957, ( 4): 1957~ ~2000,

6 δ C, 2 ( 4).,. 3~5, δ C, 5,, (r = 0.64), ~3 δ C 1957~ ~2000 [33] 580~1200 AD ( 3). δ C δ 18 O CO 2 [38,39]., 18 O ;, CO 2, TDIC 13 C. 580~1200 AD.,. ;,, ka, 2 ka 5 ( 3): 1(0~190 AD),,,. 2(190~580 AD) 190 AD,, δ 18 O, 190 AD,. δ C 190 AD, 280 AD, AD, AD., δ C, 320~450 AD. 2. 3(580~1200 AD),. 800 AD,,. 800~1200 AD 580~800 AD. (MWP). 4(1200~1880 AD) 4,.,. (LIA),, 3, 1200, 1370, AD. 5(1880~2000 AD) 1880~1950 AD, δ 18 O, δ C,. 50,, δ 18 O,. 60 δ C, 20 [9]. 2 ka -,,,,. 190 AD. 0~190 AD (206 BC~220 AD),, Yang [40],, δ 18 O. [41] 670~ ~1260 AD,,

7 . Quelccaya [42] Mook [43]. [1] [6] [41]. 20 [6], 20 80, [44]. Yang [45], ( 5), 2 ka 240~600, 1400~1920 AD; 0~240, 600~ AD~,. [9] 2000 ( 10~30 a) ( 5), 0 s~ 200 s AD, 570 s~770 s AD, 930 s~1310 s AD, 1920 s AD~ ; 210 s~560 s AD, 780 s~920 s AD, 1320 s~1910 s AD. δ C 0~190 AD 190~580 AD MWP LIA 20, ( 5). δ C. 3~ ~ AD, δ C. 210 s~560 s AD [9], δ C 190~580 AD 1200~1880 AD., 3 20 ( 5).,,, 1200 AD, 100~200.,. 2 ka [10], 280 s AD 1230 s AD,, δ C 280 AD 1200 AD., 360 s AD, 490 s AD ; 560~580 AD, 1230 s AD, 880 AD, δ C., 2 ka. 5 2 ka δ C ( 1) [45] ( 2) [9] ( 3)

8 , 2 ka 3~6 MWP LIA 20,,. 4, ;,. 2 ka 5 : 0~190 AD, ; 190~580 AD, ; 580~1200 AD,, ; 1200~ 1880 AD,, ; 1880~1950 AD, 20 50,,. 2 ka,,., 2 ka,.,., (TIMS),., - -. Leibniz AMS 14 C 210 Pb 137 Cs XRD.,,. ( : , , , ) , 1997, 1: 52~59 2,,,. 2ka., D, 1996, 26(4): 348~353 3, Thompson L G. 5ka., B, 1992, (10): 1089~1093 4, Graumlich L J, Sheppard P , 1997, (1): 70~75 5,, , 1997, (1): 62~67 6,,.., 2001, 21(6): 508~ , B, 1990, 20(5): 553~ , 1995, 3: 202~211 9,,, , 2002, 22(2): 166~173 10,,, , B, 1994, 24(9): 998~ , 1980, 25(6): 270~272 12,.., 1991, 46(3): 327~335 13,,,.., 1990, 10(4): 89~99 14,,.., B, 1990, (5): 652~663 15, Bowler J M.., B, 1985, (5): 463~ Yang W B, Spencer R G, Krouse H R, et al. Stable isotopes of lake and fluid inclusion brines, Dabusun Lake, Qaidam Basin, western China: Hydrology and paleoclimatology in arid environments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology, 1995, 117: 279~ Phillips F M, Zreda M G, Ku T L, et al. 230 Th/ 234 U and 36 Cl dating of evaporite deposits from western Qaidam Basin, China: Implications for glacial~period dust export from Central Asia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1993, 105: 1606~ ,.. :, ~12 19 Deckker P D, Last W M. Modern dolomite deposition in continental, saline lakes, western Victoria, Australia. Geology, 1988, 16: 29~32 20 McCrea J M. On the isotope chemistry of carbonates and palaeotemperature scale. Journal of Chemical Physics, 1950, 18: 849~ Pb., 1997, (3): 230~ ,,,. 210 Pb

9 CF., 1990, (4): 327~332 23,,,. 150., D, 2001, 31(7): 601~ Cs Crawford., 1995, 7(4): 307~ ( ). :, ~85 26 Stuiver M, Reimer P J, Braziunas T F. High precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon, 1998, 40: 1041~ Craig H. The measurement of oxygen isotope palaeotemperatrue. In: Tongiorgi E. ed. Stable Isotopes in Oceanographic Studies and Palaeotemperatrue. Cons Naz Rich Lab Geo Nucl, Pisa, ~ Stuiver M. Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of freshwater carbonate as climatic indicators. Journal of Geophysics Research, 1970, 75: 5247~ Rhodes T E, Gasse F, Lin R F, et al. A late Pleistocene~Holocene lacustrine record from Lake Manas, Zunggar (northern Xinjang, Western China). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology, 1996, 120: 105~ Lister G S, Kelts K, Chen K Z, et al. Lake Qinghai, China: closed~basin lake levels and the oxygen isotope record for ostracoda since the latest Pleistocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology, 1991, 84: 141~ Leng M J, Marshall J D. Palaeoclimate interpretation of stable data from lake sediment archives. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2004, 23: 811~ Fontes J C, Gasse F, Gibert E. Holocene environmental changes in Lake Bangong basin (western Tibet). Part 1: Chronology and stable isotopes of carbonates of Holocene lacustrine core. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimateology, Palaeoecology, 1996, 120: 25~47 33,,.., 2004, 24(5): 598~ Romanek C S, Grossman E L, Morse J W. Carbon isotopes fractionation in synthetic aragonite and calcite: effects of temperature and precipitation rate. Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta, 1992, 56: 419~ Gasse F, Fontes J C, Plaziat J C, et al. Biological remains, geo- chemistry and stable isotopes for the reconstruction of environmental and hydrological changes in the Holocene lakes from North Sahara. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1987, 60: 1~ δ 13 C., 1993, 38(22): 2069~ Gasse F, Arnold M, Fontes J C, et al. A 13000~year climate record from western Tibet. Nature, 1991, 353: 742~ Li H C, Ku T L. δ 13 C~ δ 18 O covariance as a paleohydrological indicator for closed~basin lakes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1997, 133: 69~80 39 Li H C, Bischoff J L, Ku T L, et al. Climate variability in eastern~central California during the past 1000 years reflected by high~resolution geochemical and isotopic records from Owens Lake sediments. Quaternary Research, 2000, 54: 189~ Yang B, Braeuning A, Shi Y F, et al. Evidences for a late Holocene warm and humid climate period and environmental characteristics in the arid zones of northwest China during 2.2~1.8 kyr B.P. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109(D2), doi: / JD Chu G Q, Liu J Q, Qing S, et al. The Mediaeval Warm Period drought recorded in Lake Huguangyan, tropical South China. The Holocene, 2002, 12: 511~ Thompson L G. Climatic changes for the Last 2000 years inferred from ice~core evidence in tropical ice cores. In: Jones P D, Bradley R S, Jouzel J, eds. Climatic variations and forcing mechanisms of the Last 2000 years. Berlin: Springer~Verlag, ~ Laird K R, Frits S C, Maasch K A, et al. Greater drought intensity and frequency before AD 1200 in the Northern Great Plain, USA. Nature, 1996, 552~ :, ~20 45 Yang B, Braeuning A, Johnson K R, et al. General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters, 2002, 29 (9), doi: / GL ( , )

科学出版中国科学杂志社

科学出版中国科学杂志社中国科学 D 辑 : 地球科学 2008 年第 38 卷第 9 期 : 1078 ~ 1091 www.scichina.com earth.scichina.com SCIENCE IN CHINA PRESS 中国东部山地泥炭高分辨率腐殖化度记录的晚冰期以来气候变化马春梅 1*, 朱诚 1, 郑朝贵 23, 尹茜