Φa 5t - g (V Φa) = g P g Α+ F Φ D Ηe = Q D Α - Αg gv = 0 Ηe = Ηexp L q cp T [ 2 ] (1995) ( [2 ] (9) ) D P m = Α(g p g Α) g g Ηe + Αg Ηeg F Φ+

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Φa 5t - g (V Φa) = g P g Α+ F Φ D Ηe = Q D Α - Αg gv = 0 Ηe = Ηexp L q cp T [ 2 ] (1995) ( [2 ] (9) ) D P m = Α(g p g Α) g g Ηe + Αg Ηeg F Φ+"

谟逐荣
5 years ago
Views:

1 A CTA M ET EOROLO G ICA V o l. 57,N o. 1 Feb., 1999 Ξ ( (LA SG),, ) (,, ), (SVD ), CD, Η, SVD : E rtel,,, CD 1 ( ),,,,,,, E rtel [ 1 ] (1942) E rtel P E [ 2, ] (1995) P m,, 1 2, E rtel, 3, (SVD ) 4 Η, SVD 5 Ξ : ; : :

2 Φa 5t - g (V Φa) = g P g Α+ F Φ D Ηe = Q D Α - Αg gv = 0 Ηe = Ηexp L q cp T [ 2 ] (1995) ( [2 ] (9) ) D P m = Α(g p g Α) g g Ηe + Αg Ηeg F Φ+ ΑΦag gq m (1) Φa = g V + 28, 8 ; F Φ ; Q m D ; = 5 5t + V g g ; P m = ΑΦag g Ηe (2) Νa = ΑΦa, E rtel [ 1 ] E rtel D P E = Αg Ηg F Φ+ Νag gq (3) P E = Νag g Η (4) Q z, P E ( z ), ( s, S Η ), P E = Νz + ΝsΗs (5) ΝsΗs = Νx Ηx + Νy Ηy = - 5v 5Η + 5u 5Η 5y = 5V m 5Η 5S Η, m Η S

3 1 : 3 (5) Νz = (P E - ΝsΗs) g = P E - CD, 0 (6) CD = ΝsΗsg, 0 (7), (6), (3), D Φz D Νz = Α D Φz + Βv + (f + Φz ) g gv + Βv + (f + Φz ) g gv (8) = - 1 ΑΗ 2 z (P E - ΝsΗs) D D Ηs + Νs + D Νs Ηs + 1 g Ηg F Φ+ 1 Φag gq, 0 (9) (9) ( ), D, D Ηs, D Νs ; F Φ Q, Ηs 0 D Α(f + Φz ) = D [ IPV ] 0 (10) Ro ssby, ( IPV = Α(f + Φz ) ) (Ho sk in s [ 3 ], 1985), Ro ssby 3, (3), (4), P E = ΑΦΗgg Ηg = con st (11), ΦΗ Φa g Η, 311 Η, gg Ηg Η1 Η2, g Ηg = gαφηg A Η1, ΑΦa 1a,

4 4 57 : A Η1, ΑΦa Η2 = (= Η1 + Η), Η, ( ) Ro ssby IPV 1 (a1 : Η, Η1, (ΑΦa) Η2 (= Η1+ Η) ; b1 : Η, Η1, (ΑΦa) Η2 (= Η1+ Η) B P ) 312, Η ( 1b), gg Ηg Η1 Η2 g Ηg = gαφηg,a Η1, ΑΦa OA Η2 B, P Η2 B 1b, : A Η1, ΑΦa Η2 (= Η1 + Η) B P, ΑΦa g Η A B gαφηg, (11),, ΑΦa,, (ΑΦa), P (SVD ), gg Ηg, Η, (11),, gg Ηg ΑΦΗ 4 (SVD ) Η, n g Η, (4)

5 1 : 5 P E = ΝnΗn Νn = ΑΦΗ, Ηn = gg Ηg (5) Νz + ΝsΗs = ΝnΗn (12) Νz = (ΝnΗn - ΝsΗs) g, 0 (13),, Ηn, Νn (ΝnΗn = con st ) 2, CD ΝsΗsg < 0, ( A 0 Η, Νz = Νn 0 Νs (Β < 0) A, Νz = co s Β - CD = D E + EC, Νz = ) Νn Νstan Β Νz = A B + A Cg tan Βg Νs gβg Νz co s Β, 2 z,, Η= Ηn, b Η+ Η A B = gνng A 0 Η+ Η, z,, Νz (= Νn) A 0 z, Η+ Η Β(Β z S ) A,, Νa D b B D B tan Β = Ηsg, (- Πg2 < Β < Πg2)

6 6 57 n g k > 0, (13), co s Β = gηn > 0 Νz = Νn co s Β - Νstan Β gβg Πg2 (14), Νn > 0, Νs, Ηs, (13), (14) CD = ΝsΗsg < 0 (15) Νz = Νn + gνstan Βg, gβ Πg2g (16) co s Β Νz Β, (15),, (16) Β Νn 2 : Νz = CD = D E + EC = A B gco s Β + A C g tan Βg (15),,, Νs = Ν 0 s > 0, Νs, (15) 2, Νz gβg, Νz, Νz, gβg Πg2 (17),, (SVD ),, Νz Νn, gβg 0, Ro ssby IPV (6) (8) SVD : D Φz + Βv + (f + Φz ) g gv = 1 D Α P E - CD, 0 (18) (18) (9), SVD CD (t + t) - CD (t) < P E 1 (t + t) - 1 (t) (19) 2, (19) A 0 CD = 0 ( Ηs = 0), A CD, (15) SVD Η

7 1 : 7 (18),, Η SVD, Η SVD, SVD, Η, (15), , 12 14, [ mm,, ( ], 1984; Hoverm ale [ 5 ], 1984; A n thes H eagen son [ 6 ], 1984; D ell O sso [ 7 ], 1984; [ 8 ], 1986) Α Z, 7 12, 28 N, 104 E, 12, [ 9, ] (1985),, B leck (1984) [ 10 ] Η, 305 K 365 K, 5 K km 60 s 5u 5t + V g g Ηu - f v = - Η 5M 5x + F x (20) Η 5v 5t + V g g Ηv - f u = - Η 5M 5y + F y (21) Η 5 5t 5P 5Η + g Ηg V 5P 5Η = 0 (22) D Η = 0 (23) 5M 5Η = Π (24) (20), (21) F x F y x y ;M = 5 + cp T ; Π= cp P P 0 R gc p Exner

8 57, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] (1995), 1981 7 11 00Z, 60 h, 24 h SVD, Η= 315 K 750 hpa ( 4 5), Η 3 1981 7 11 00Z Η= 315 K, 493 hpa ( 3a) ;, 817

8 8 57, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] (1995), Z, 60 h, 24 h SVD, Η= 315 K 750 hpa ( 4 5), Η Z Η= 315 K, 493 hpa ( 3a) ;, 817 hpa 863 hpa,, Η 3 5,, Νn = Α(f + Νn) ( 3b), Ηn,, P E > 0 Η, Η (Ηs) S ( [4 ]), Νs = 5V m Ηs, CD = ΝsΗsg SVD (15), 3b Η Φz 3b ( ), Νz, Η

1 : 9 3 1981 7 11 00Z Η= 315 K (a1 : 30 hpa, 4 m s - 1, Η ; b. : 2. 00 10-5 s - 1 ) 3b, 3. 15 10-5 s - 1 ;, 4.

9 1 : Z Η= 315 K (a1 : 30 hpa, 4 m s - 1, Η ; b. : s - 1 ) 3b, s - 1 ;, s - 1 ; Η ( 3a),,,, Η,,, 12 ( 4), Η= 315 K ( 4a) 817 hpa 842 hpa,,, 98 E ;, ( 4b), s - 1, : s - 1, ; s - 1,,, Z, Η= 315 K ( 5a)

10 Z Η= 315 K (a1 : 40 hpa; b1 : s - 1 )

11 1 : Z Η= 315 K (a. : 40 hpa; b. : s - 1 )

12 12 57, 857 hpa, s - 1 ( 5b), 98 E, 100 E, Η,,,, (28 N, 104 E),,B leck ; SVD Η 2, s - 1, ( [9 ] [11 ]), (9) D Φz - (f + Φ) 1 D Α Α = 1 - ϑ(f + Φz ) Ξ p p = 700 hpa, Ξ = hpa s - 1, Υ= 30 N, t = 0. 5 d, Νz = s - 1 ( s - 1 ), SVD 6, (9),,, k 1 D Φz + Βv + (f + Φz ) g gv = (f + Φz ) + 5u 5y - 5v 5x + N z + k g F Ν (25) N z (9), (, ), (25) (25),, Η, (9) (25) ( ) Η,, (25),,, ( CD < 0 ) Η, (25), (SVD ), Η, SVD

13 1 : 13,, SVD (9) (18),, SVD,, CD = ΗsΝsg CD,, CD 1 E rtel H. E in neuer hydrodynam ische w irbdsatz. M eteo ro logy. Zeitsch ṙ B raunschw eigs. 1942Κ59Π Κ Κ Λ Λ Κ1995Κ53; 4ΓΠ Ho sk ins B JΚM c Intyre M E and Robertson A W. O n the use and significance of isentrop ic po tential vo rticry m ap s. Q uart J Roy M eteo r SocΚ1985Κ111Κ Zhou X PΚH u X F. A brief analysis and num erical sim ulation of the Sichuan extra o rdinaity heavy rainfall evenṫ P roc. F irst Sino Am erican W o rk shop on M ountain M etero logy. T he Ch inese A cadem y of Sciences and the U. S. N ational A cadem y of SciencesΚBeijingΚAm er M eteo r SocΚ Hoverm ale J B. N um erical experim ents w ith the Sichuan flooding catastrophe ; JulyΚ 1981Γ. P roc. F irst Sino Am erican W o rk shop on M ountain M etero logy. T he Ch inese A cadem y of Sciences and the U. S. N ational A 2 cadem y of SciencesΚBeijingΚAm er M eteo r SocΚ A nthes R A and H eagerson P L. A comparative num erical sim ulation of the Sichuan flooding catastrophe ; JulyΚ1981Γ. Ibid. 1984Κ Chen S J and D ell O sso L. N um erical p rediction of the heavy rainfall vo rtex over the eastern A sian monsoon re2 gion. J M eteo r Soc JapanΚ1984Κ62Κ Kuo Y H ΚCheng L S and A nthes R A. M eso scale analysis of Sichuan flood catastropheκ11-15 JulyΚ1981ΚM on W ea RevΚ1986Κ114Κ W u G X and Chen S J. T he effect of m echanical fo rcing on the fo rm ation of a m eso scale vo rtex. Q uart J Roy M e2 teo r SocΚ1985Κ111Κ B leck R. A n isentrop ic model suitable fo r lee cyclogenesis sim ulation. R iv M eteo r A eronautκ1984κ43κ Κ Κ Λ Λ Π Κ1996Λ

14 14 57 COM PL ETE FORM OF VERT ICAL VORT IC ITY TEND ENCY EQUAT ION AND SLANTW ISE VORT IC ITY D EVELOPM ENT W u Guox iong S tate K ey L ab of A tm osp heric S ciences and Geop hy sical F lu id Dy nam ics L A S GΣ Institute of A tm osp heric P hy sicsψchinese A cademy of S ciencesψb eij ing Ψ100080Σ L iu H uanzhu N ational M eteorolog ical CenterΨChina M eteorololg ical A dm inistrationψb eij ing Ψ100081Σ Abstract In th is studyκa com p lete fo rm of vertical vo rticity tendency equation w as deduced from the E rtel po ten tial vo rticity theo ry. It includes no t on ly dynam ic elem en tsκbu t also therm odynam ic elem en tsκfrictional dissipation and diabatic heatingκand is app licab le to th ree dim en sional m o tion. It w as p roved that the classical vertical vo rticity equation w h ich is app rop riate on ly fo r ho rizon tal m o tion is m erely a special case of th is new ly ob2 tained com p lete fo rm equation. Based upon th is equationκthe theo ry of Slan tw ise V o rtici2 ty D evelopm en t ; SVD Γp ropo sed by W u et al. w as also p roved. A cco rding to th is theo2 ryκw hen a parrel slides dow n a slan tw ise isen trop ic su rface and the therm al param eter CD is decreasingκits vertical vo rticity develop ṡ To verify the theo ryκa Ηcoo rdinate m odel w as em p loyed to sim u late the fo rm ation of a " sou thw est vo rtex " near the T ibetan P lateau. R esu lts show that the vertical vo rticity developm en t due to SVD is abou t an o r2 der of m agn itude stronger than that due to convergence w h ich has been traditionally em 2 phasised. Key wordsπe rtel po ten tial vo rticityκbox law ΚC ircum scribed p lane law ΚT herm al pa2 ram eter CD.

15 1 : 15 Η F 1 (Φz ) = D Φz + Βv + (f + Φz ) g gv = (f + Φz ) + 5u 5y - 5v 5x + N z + k g F Φ (1) F 2 (Φz ) = D Φz + Βv + (f + ΦD ) g gv = - 1 ΑΗ 2 z (P E - ΝsΗs) D D Ηs + ΗgΝs + D Νs Ηs + 1 g Ηg F Φ+ 1 Φag gq, 0 (2) Η, Η, N z, F 1 (Φz ) = (f + Φz ) + 5u Ηs = 0, (2) 5y - 5v 5x + k g F Ν (3) F 2 (Φz ) = - Νz Α D + Φz 5Q + - Νs Α D Ηs + Φs 5Q 5s + k g F Ν = (f + Φz ) 5 (Q - D Η + + Φs 5 5s Q - D Η + + k g F Φ, 5s 0, (3) (4), F 2 (Φz ) = (f + Φz ) + 5u 5y - 5v 5x + k g F Φ (4) F 1 (Φz ) F 2 (Φz ) (5)

64 29 [ 4 T 0= T s- T a- T b PWM ] : V 7 (000) V 8 (111) T 7= k 1 T 0 T 8= (1- k 1) T 0 0 k 1 1 (4) k 1 SV PWM k 1= 0 1 ; 0 < k 1 < 1 k 1= 1g2 T 7= T

64 29 [ 4 T 0= T s- T a- T b PWM ] : V 7 (000) V 8 (111) T 7= k 1 T 0 T 8= (1- k 1) T 0 0 k 1 1 (4) k 1 SV PWM k 1= 0 1 ; 0 < k 1 < 1 k 1= 1g2 T 7= T 29 2 V o l 29 N o 2 2007 03 J W uhan Inst Chem T ech M ar 2007 : 1004-4736 (2007) 02-0063- 05 ( 430074) : (SV PWM ) SV PWM SV PWM SV PWM SV PWM : ; ; ; : TM 301 : A 0 [ 1 3 ] U PS V dc v Α v Β V ref Α