,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ,,,, ;,, ( CIP) /. :, (21.) ISBN : -. F CIP (2004 ) : : ht

Transcription

1 21

2 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ,,,, ;,, ( CIP) /. :, (21.) ISBN : -. F CIP (2004 ) : : ht tp :/ / : : : : : : : : : : 344 : : ISBN / T P 6955 : : 22.00, : (010) (010)

3 , 21,,, ;,,,, 35,,,,,, 21,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,, : ( 1), ; ( 2) ; ( 3),,, ; ( 4),

4 , :,, ;, ;,,,,, :,,,,,,, gzgz@ tup.tsinghua.edu.cn,,,

5 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 1,, 2, B2C B2B C2C, 3,,,

6 4,, 5,,,,, 6 7 8, 1 2 4, 5, 7, 8 ; 3 6, ;,,,,,,,,,, minmin@ccit.js.cn :,

7 1 1 : Web EDI : B2B 31

8 2.1.1 B2B B2B B2B B2B B2C B2C B2C B2C B2C B2C C2C C2C C2C C2C C2C :

9 : :

10 : : ( Breadcrumbs ) : : DELL

11 : : :

12 1 :, : PDA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2, ebay 100,,, :,,,, :,,,,?,, Web EDI ( Electronic Data Interchange),

13 2 1.1, ( ),,,, 19, 20 60, 70, 80, Internet, ,, ( 1), ( 2),,, ( 3),, ( 4), (), ; ( 5),

14 Electronic Commerce( ), EC, :,, IT, : = + + ( Intel ) = + ( H P ),, :, ; :, Web, Internet 1-1, ( EDI ),, ( Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP ) ( Management Information System, MIS ) ( Customer Relation ship Managment, CRM ) ( Supply Chain Management, SCM ) 1-1 ( H uman Resource Management, HRM ),,,,,

15 4 ( 1), Q Q, ( 2),,, ( 3), ( Certificate Authority, CA), ( 4) ( 5),,,,,,,, ,, ( 1), Inter net,,,,,, ( 2) :,, 90%

16 ( ) ( ) 24 PC,, ( ) (Cyber Space) ;,,, ;,, ;,, ;, ( Intranet ) ( Office Automation, OA),,, ;,, ( 3),,,, ( 4),,,,, 1.1.2,,,, : EDI 90 Internet

17 6 EDI ( Value Added N etwork, VA N) V AN,, EDI 20 90, Internet, 2000,, E,,, E Internet, Internet,,, PC, ( Personal Digital Assistant, PDA) : + + = 1-2( a) 1-2 ( d) PDA (a) ( SON Y ) Clie PE G - UX50 PDA ( b ) XP218 PD A (c) ( H P ) H2210 P DA ( d) MIO 168 P DA 1-2 PDA, 20 90,,

18 1 7,,,,,,,,, Inter net, ( ), : ,,, :,,,, 1-3, ( 1),, Inter net,, 1-3, BBS EDI, ( 2),,,

19 8 ( Automated Teller Machine, ATM) POS ( Point of Sale) ( Electronic Funds Transfer, E F T ), 4 ( 3),,, ( )( U PS ) ( F ede x) EDI RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification ) POS GIS ( Geographical Information System ) GPS ( Gobal Positioning System ), 5 ( 4), 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, B2C, FedEx UPS,,,, :

20 1 9 ; ;, 1.1.4,,,, :, ; ;,,,, ( 1) 1-4,,,,, ( 2),,,

21 10,,,,,, Inter net ;, Intranet ; ( C + + ),, Web ( 3),,, ( 4), 1.1.5,,, 1. ( 1), ( 2), 2. ( 1) ( Bu siness to Customer, B2C), ( ) ;, ( ww w.amazon.com ) (w ww.walmart.com ) ( w ww. dangdang.com) ( ) ( w ww. nanjingroad.sh.cn) e (w ww.eguo.com) ( 2) ( Customer to Cu stomer, C2C),

22 1 11, ebay( ( ( 3) ( Bu siness to Business, B2B), B2B ( w ww. haier.com) ( ww w. lenovo. com ) ( chinese.alibaba.com ) ( 4) ( Bu siness to Government, B2G),,,, C2G G2G B2E B2B2C B2C2C, 2 3., ( 1), :,,,,, ( 2),,, 4. ( 1), ;, ( 2),, ISP ;

23 12 1.2, Web EDI ( 1),,,, ( Local Area Network, LAN ), ( Metropolit an Area Net work, MAN ) ( Wide Area Net work, WAN) ;, ;,,,,,,, : ( ISO) ( Open Sy st em Interconnet, OSI ) TCP/ I P ( CCI TT ) X.25 (IEEE) IEEE 802 ( 2), :,,,, WW W : () :

24 1 13,, : :, :, : U NIX Linux Windows :, Java, ASP 2. ( 1) Inter net,,,,, Internet Internet ARP ANET ( ) 1986 ( National Science Foundation, NSF ) ( NSFNET ),,, NSFNET 1990, ARPA NET, TCP/ IP NSFNET Int ernet,,, ( 2) T CP/ IP TCP/ I P Internet, Internet, TCP/ IP TCP/ I P, TCP IP, TCP ( T ransportation Control P rotocol), IP ( Internet Protocol) IP Internet,, IPv4, 32, IP, I P : IP Int ernet InterNIC ( Internet Net work Information Center ), IP,, I P I Pv4,, IP, Internet

25 14 I P, IPv6, IP 6 I P,,, (Domain Name System, DNS) I P, IP, W WW ( 3) Inter net,, WW W ,, ( ),, Int ernet /, : ISP Internet, ISP, ; ( ),, : ),,,, Outlook Express Foxmail,, IE ( Internet Explorer) W WW WW W, Web, Inter net WWW ( H T T P ), ( H TML) ( ), W WW IE ( F T P ) F T P,,, F T P : ; ( Anonymou s),,,

26 1 15 ( Telnet),, ( BBS ),, ( 4) Internet, Internet Internet, Inter net ( ISP ) ISP Internet, Internet ISDN DDN ADSL ( CA TV) Web, Web Web,, Web,, ; ; Web ( 1) H TML H TML,, Web H TML ( ), H TML : H TML < H T ML > < H EAD > < TIT LE > < / TITLE > < / H EAD > < BODY >, < / BODY > < / H TML >

27 16 H T ML < H T ML > </ H TML > < H T ML > H TML,, < HEAD > </ HEAD >, < BODY > </ BODY >,, H T ML < TI TLE >, H TML, H T ML ( ) H TML,.htm.html, ( FrontPage, DreamWeaver ) ( 2) XML XML( Extensible Markup Language) H TML,, XML, ( ), H T ML, XML XML,, ( 3) WML, WAP ( Wireless Application P rotocol), WML (, Wireless Markup Language) WML XML WA P ( 4),,,, ( Common Gat ew ay Interface, CGI ) ASP ( Active Server Pages ) P H P ( Personal Home Page) JSP ( JavaServer Pages ), ASP,,, P H P JSP, JSP 1-2 CGI ASP P H P JSP Web, Web

28 CGI ASP PHP JSP CGI ASP P HP JSP Win32 Web IIS VB P HP Java H T ML XML 1.,,,, 20 60,,, ( DataBase System, DBS),, (DataBase, DB ),,,, (DataBase Management System, DBMS ), Oracle SyBase DB2 SQL Server Access 2. Web Web Web,

29 18 Web,, Web 1-5, / ( Browser/ Server, B/ S) B/ S,, URL Web, Web ( H T ML ), ( IE ) Web,, Web,, H T ML, Web, Web CGI ASP JSP, Web W WW,,, 1-5 B/ S 3., ( On-line T ransaction Processing, OLT P ), ( MIS), ( On-line Analytical Processing, OLAP ) OLT P, OLAP,

30 1 19 ( 1) ( Data Warehouse, DW),,,,, OLAP ( Decision Support System, DSS) ( CRM) ( Bu siness Int erlliqence, BI) ( 2) (Data Mining, DM ) ( Knowledge Discovery in Database, KDD),,,,,,,,, EDI 1. EDI,,, 200, 7%,,,,,, EDI EDI,, :,, EDI, 2. EDI ( 1), 1-6, MIS,

31 20,,,, 1-6 ( 2) EDI EDI, 1-7, EDI EDI EDI,, EDI EDI,,,,,, 1-7 EDI, EDI, EDI ( EDP ) EDP, 3. EDI EDI, EDI EDI EDI EDI EDI ( 1) EDI EDI, EDI, EDI

32 1 21, / EDI : ( 2) EDI EDI EDI, EDI,, EDI, EDI, EDI ( Flat ), Flat, EDI, 1-8,,, EDI, EDI, EDI EDI,,,,

33 22, EDI, EDI, ( 3) EDI EDI,,, EDI, EDI, EDI, EDI,,, EDI, EDI ; EDI, EDI EDI ( V AN),, EDI EDI : Int ernet, Internet EDI, EDI, EDI, EDI ( 4) EDI EDI,, EDI, EDI,,,,, EDI, EDI EDI ( U N/ ECE ) ( EDIFACT ), 12 ANSI X ,

34 , ( EDP ) ( MIS ) (DSS ) ( MES ) (O A),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ERP SCM CRM ( BI ) ( Knowledge Management, KM) ( Electronic Marketing, EM ),, ERP SCM CRM E RP,,, ERP SCM CRM ,,,,,,,, 1., EDI ; ; ; EDI EDI

35 24 2.,, ( 1),,, ( ) ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,,,, ( ),,, ( 4),,,,,, ( 5) :, ;,,,,,,, ( cookie cookie ), ;

36 1 25, ( 6),,, ( 7),,,,,,,, ( BBC),,, KELO N,, ( 8), , ( U NCI TRAL), 12,,, , U NCIT RAL,,,, ,, ;1999 Int ernet, ;

37 26,,,, 4.,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( U NCIT RAL),, ,,,,,, 1.3.3,,, : ; ;,,,, ( CNNIC) 14, , 8700, 27.9 %, , 41.1%, CN ,

38 %, WW W , 32.2%,,, 7.3%, 1. 9 %, 15.9 %, 5.8%, 4.9%, 3. 9 %, 2%, 1.1%,,, 1.3.4,,,,,,,, 1.4 ( ) ( ) Web EDI,,, 1. ( 1),,, ( ) A. B. C. D.

39 28 ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) EDI,, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4) EDI ( ) A. B. C. Extranet D. ( 5) ( ) IP A B C D ( 6),,, ( ) A. SCM B. CRM C. ERP D. BI ( 7) E RP ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( 1) EDI ( ) A. ANSI X.12 B. C. U N/ EDI FACT D. ISO ( 2) ( ) A. gov B. firm C. edu D. rec ( 3) ( ) A. B. C., D. ( 4) ( ) A. B. C. D.

40 1 29 ( 5) ( ) A. Frontpage B. Dreamwaver C. ASP D. JSP 3. ( 1)? ( 2) Web ( 3) OLAP OL T P? 4. ( 1), ( 2), ( 3),

41 2 :, :,!,, 2003 SARS,,, SARS,, :,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!, ( ),,,!,,,! SARS,,,,! C2C,,,, B2B B2C,

42 B2B, ( B2C ), ( C2C) ( B2B),, Yahoo ;, Amazon ebay ( B2C C2C) ;, Microsoft Alibaba ( B2B), B2B, B2B B2B,,, CR M CRMH RME RP OA, B2B B2B, emarketer, 80%, 2000 B2B, : B2B ; B2B I T,, B2B B2B B2B, B2B,,,,, B2B,, B2B, B2B ( 1),,, ( ),,,,,,

43 32 ( 2),, ( 3),,,, 20 90,,,, ( 4),, B2B, Web, EDI B2B B2B : ( ),,, ; B2B ( ),,, B2B, B2B, B2B : B2B, B2B B2B B2B B2B 1. B2B,,, B2B,, B2B Cisco ( Cisco,, 1991 P re- Web, , Cisco, Cisco,, Cisco

44 % ( com) ( Cisco B2B, B2B,,,,,, 2. B2B ( 1) B2B,, B2B,,, B2B

45 34,, : ( china.alibaba.com), ( 2) B2B B2B B2B, 2-1 B2B,,, B2B,,,,, B2B B2B,, ( cn.chempages.com ),,,, 2-3, ( w ww.chinawatch.net)

46 2 35, ; ( w ww. cctn.net.cn ), 2-1 B2B B2B B2B B2B,,,,,,,,,,, IT,,,, 2-3

47 B2B B2 B 2-4 B2B 2-4 B2B B2B B2B B2B, ( chinese.alibaba.com), B2B B2B,, 1. ( 1),,, 2300,,, ; 6 ; ;,,, 2-5, ( 2),,,,,, 2-6

48

49 38,, ( 3) 472, 70000, 2-7,,,, ;, 2-7,,,, 2-8

50 ,,,,,, ( 4),, 2-9,,,,, ;,,,, 2-10

51

52 2 41,,, 2.,,,, B2B,,,,

53 ,,,, 3. : ( ) EDI, B2B B2C,, B2B 30%,,,,,,, B2B,,,, B2C,, B2B,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, U,,,

54 2 43,,,,,??,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,, B2C,,,, B2C, B2C,,,,, e, B2C, B2C B2C 1. B2C B2C,,,,,

55 44,,,,, 2004, ( 62.8 % ) (31.4% ) ( 30.7 % ), 2. B2C,,,, B2C,,,,,,,, 3. B2C, B2C, B2C,, ( 1) B2C,,,,, ( w ww. wine.com ),,,,, ( 2) B2C,, ( 3) B2C,,

56 2 45 ( metro ( ww w.metro.com) T ESCO ( ww w.tesco.com ) ( w ww. 800 buy.com.cn ) e ( ) ( ),,,, B2C, B2C B2C B2C ( E lectronic Market, EM) 1. B2C B2C,,,,,,, ( 1),,, 2-12,,, ( ), ( IDC) 2004,,, 2 IDC ( 2), 365,,,,,, ;,, ( 3),,

57 , Dell B2B2C,,,,,, Dell 1984, 19,,

58 B2C EM, EM, EM, EM 2.1 B2B B2B EM, B2C EM, ( e-mall) ( ww w.peapod.com) ( ww w.nanjingroad.sh.cn ) My8848 ( ww w.my8848.net) ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, EM, ( 2) EM,,,,, ( h.cn) ,,,, 2-13,,,,,, ( 3) EM, B2B EM, 2300 ; B2C

59 48,, ; Peapod 5 5%,,, Peapod B2C B2C,

60 2 49,, 2-14 B2C 2-14 B2C B2C ( ) B2C 1., : ( 1),,,?,,, , ( 2), , 2-16,,,,,

61

62 ,, 2-17,, 2-18 ( a) 2-18 ( b) 2-18 (c),, ;, ;,,, 2-19,, 2-17

63 52 ( a) ( b) 2-18 _

64 2 53 ( c) 2-18 ( ) 2-19

65 54 4.,, ,, ,, 2-20,,,,,, 2-20,,,,

66 2 55,,,,, ( N ABP ),,,,,,, B2C,, 2003, B2C,, 1. B2C 14 ( ),, 50%,,,,,, :,, ; ; ;,,,, ( ) 37.9%, ( ) 24.4 %, 18.9% 18.1 %, 42.8%, 28.9 % 2. ( 1)

67 56,,, ( 2),, B2C, CNNIC 14,, ( ) ( ),,,, ( 3),,,,,,,,, CA ( 4),,,,, B2C, U PS FedEx, B2C,, : ;, ; ; ; 2.3 C2C C2C C2C,,,, 35%, ebay

68 2 57 ebay,,,, C2C, 1.,,,,,,,, 2. :, : : : 3. ( 1) ( ), :,,,,,,,, ( 1 ) ( 2), ( ),,,,,, ( ) ( 3),,,,,,

69 58, ( 4),,,, :,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ebay 7,,,, CD,,, C2C C2C,

70 2 59,,,,,, :, 1.,, ( w ww.yabuy.com) 2.,,,, C2C B2C ( ww w.eachnet.com ) ( w ww.taobao.com), ( w ww.ibid.com.cn ),,,,,,,,, C2C C2C 2-21, C2C C2C ( aobao.com) 2-21 C2C

71 60 1. ( 1),, 2-22,,,, 2-22 ( 2),,,,,, 2-23, ( 3),,,,

72 ,, 2-24,, ( 4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2-25

73

74 2 63,, ( 5),,,, ( ),,, 2. ( 1) ( ) ( 2),, 2-26,, T408,, T408,, 2-27, 2-26

75 ,,,,,,,,,,,, 24 ( 3), ( 4),,,,,, +,, 50,,, +,,,,

76 2 65,,,,,,,, C2C,,,,,,,, ( 5),,,,,, C2C ( ) C2C,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, C2C,,,,,,,

77 ebay 1995,,, ebay ebay, : ( 1) ebay,,,,, ( 2) ebay, 2 25 ; ebay 1.25% 5% ( 3), ebay,,,, ebay, 2.,,,,,,,,,, 2.4,,,,,, B2G C2G G2G B2E B2B2C B2C2C

78 2 67 B2G C2G G2G,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1) B2G B2G ( Bu siness to Government) B2A ( Business to Administrator),,,,,,, B2G, :,,,,, ( 2) C2G C2G ( Customer to Government ) C2A ( Cu stomer to Administra tor),,,,,,, C2G, 4500,,,,,,,

79 68,, 320, 1.08 ( 3) G2G G2G ( Government to Government ) A2A ( Administrator Administra tor),,,,,,,,,,,, 1999, ( 4), B2E ( Business to Employee),, C2B ( Cu stomer to Business ),,,, ;,,,, X2X (exchange to exchange) ( EM),, X2X,,,, B2B2C B2C2C B2B2C B2C B2B, B2C,,,, B2C B2B,, B2B2C ( to

80 , ( ISP ),, B( Business), C( Customer), G( Government), B2B B2C C2C, B2B B2C C2C, B2G A2A D2D P2P B2E,, B2C B2B, 1. ( 1), ( ) A. B2C B. B2B C. C2C D. B2G ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B.Dell C. D. 2. ( 1) B2B, B2B ( ) A. B2B B. B2B C. B2B D. B2B ( 2) B2C ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( 1) B2B? ( 2) B2B B2B ( 3) B2B,?

81 70 ( 4)? B2C?? 4. ( 1) B2C,,, B2C, ( 2), C2C ( 3),

82 3 : 800, 9,,,, , 2 9,8, 66000, 23974, , 90520,,, ,,, 800,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,

83 72,, ,, ( 1),,,, ;,, ( 2),,,,, ( 3),,,, ; ;,,,,,,, ( 4)

84 3 73, 3.1.2,, 1.,,,,,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,

85 74, ( 1),, ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :, :,, :, : 2., : V PN,,

86 3 75,,,,,, ( Virtual P riva te N etwork, V PN),,,,, EDI,,,,,, 3.2.2,,, :, ( ),,, 1., ( 1), ( ), CPU, 1575/ 1591,, CIH,

87 76 ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,, Word ( VBScript JavaScript ),,,,,,,,,, ( ISP ) ( 3),,,,,,,,, 2. Backdoor.RmtBomb.12 T rojan.win32.

88 3 77 SendI P.15,,,,,.., ( 1),, Trojan, Worm ( 2), CIH CI H, Sasser ( 3), 26, Worm.Sasser.b B,, 3-1,, 3-1 Trojan Trojan.LMir.PSW.60 PSW PWD, Hack H ack.nether.client( ) Worm Worm.Blaster( ) Script Script.Redlof VBS JS VBS.Happytime( ) VBScript Macro. Word. Word97. Excel.Excel97 Macro.Melissa( ) Macro.E xcel Macro,, Word/ Excel Backdoor Backdoor.IRCBot,, Joke Joke.Girlghost Binder Binder.killsys( ) QQ IE, Harm H arm.bursted.b

89 78 3.,,,,,,,,,, KV3000,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ; ; ;, ;, ; ;, ;,

90 ,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),, 2.,,,, : ; ; ;,,,,, : ; ; 3., IP ( 1) IP IP I P,,,, IP, IP IP

91 80,,,,,,, IP, I P IP ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, RPC UDP,,,,,, ,,

92 3 81, 1.,,,, ( 1) / ( ), ( ), ( 2) / 3-1, M,, C M E Ke C C D Kd M, Ke Kd 3-1 /, ( ) ( A 01,, B 02,, Z 26), 10, 10, 10,, How are you ,,,,,,, 2.

93 82 ( 1),, Ke = Kd,, ;, ;,,,, N N( N - 1 )/ 2, ( Data Encryption Standard, DES) 1976 DES 64 (56, 8, ), 64, 16,,,,,,,,, ( 2),, Ke Kd,,,,,,,

94 3 83,,,,,, ,,,,,, 3. X Y Y : Y ( Key A, Key B), Key A, Key B ( X) X Key B,, Y Y, Key A, Key A, Y ( ), Y Key A, X X,, Key B, Y,

95 84, Y 4. ( 1) RSA RSA, Internet : Ron Rivest Adi Shamir Leonard Adleman RSA RSA :,,,,,, : ) P Q ; ) P Q n = P Q ; ) n e, ( P - 1) ( Q - 1) ; ) d, (e d) mod [ ( P - 1) ( Q - l) ] = 1 mod ( ) ; ( n, e) ; ( n, d) C, M, C = M e ( mod n ) ; M = C d ( mod n ) P = 3, Q = 11, n = P Q = 33, e = 3, 3 20 ( 3 d) mod(20) = 1, d = 7 ( 33, 3 ) ; ( 33, 7) C = M 3 ( mod 33), M = C 7 ( mod 33) RSA ), ;, ) ) Ke Kd ), Ke Kd RSA DE S, RSA,, 1024, RSA,,,, DE S ( DES ), RSA RSA,,,,,

96 3 85,, RSA ( P rivacy Enhanced Mail, PEM), RSA DES ( 2) MD 5 MD 5 ( Message-Digest algorithm 5: ), MD 2 MD 3 MD 4 MD 5 MD 5 ( message) ( message-digest ), MD 5, ( H ash ), MD 5 (, ) MD ( 1),, ( 2), 1 2,,,,, MD 5 MD 5, H ash,, MD 5 SH A-1 H as h,,,, ; H ash : ) :

97 86 ) :,,, SSL, PGP H ash,, MD 5 Hash,, MD 5,,,, ( Crypto 2004), MD 5 H ash : MD , ( Crypto 2004 ) Eli Biham Antoine Joux SH A-1 SH A-0, MD 5 H A VAL-128 MD 4 RIPEMD, MD,,,,,? MD5, :? MD 5 ; S H A-1, SH A-1 MD 5 H ash, ( NIST ) , : ( Crypto 2004), H as h, MD 4, MD 5, H AV AL-128, RI PEMD S H A-0, 1994 S H A-0 S H A-1 ; S H A-1, S H A-1 S H A-1,, 2010 S H A-1, ( S H A-224 S H A-256 S H A-384 SH A-512)

98 3 87 MD 5, MD 5,,, MD 5, Shamir MH, RSA ; DES,, 5. ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,, CA,,,, 3-5, Hash ( 1 ),,, ( ), H ash ( 2 ), 1,,,, 3-5

99 88, H ash, ; ;,,,,, ;,, ( 2),,, (Digital time-stamp, DTS ), : DT S DTS 3-6, H ash 1, 1, 1, H as h 2,,,,, 1, H as h 1 3,, 2, 2 3,, 3-6

100 , /,,, CA ; 1.,,,,,,,,,,, ( IT U) X.509 X.509 X.500 X.500,, ( 1) X.509, ( ) ; ; ; ; ( 2), :,,,,, ;, ;,

101 90,, B2B B2C B2G Web VPN V PN, ; Web I P,, Web SSL, ; VP N VPN ; V PN, VP N,,,,,, ( 3) U SB Key IC U SB Key :, USB,,, ATM IC, USB Key 2.,,, CA ( Certificate Authority) CA,,, CA ( 1) CA RA ( Register Authority) WP ( Web Publisher) CA : CA,,

102 3 91, CA RA,, RA : CA,, RA, RA ( RA, RA ), WP : CA CA, CA ,, ( Public Key Infrastructure, P KI) PKI,, ( 2) CA CA,, CA CA :,,,, CA,,,,,,, CA, CA, CA,, CA,, C B CA, B A CA, A, ( Root CA),, C ( 3) V erisign ,, 50, Microsoft Netscape, : ww w.verisign.com CA CA ( China Telecom

103 92 Certification Authority, C TCA ), : CA, RA, C TCA ( China Finance Certification Authority, CFCA ),, : ww w.cfca.com.cn ( : ) CA,,, CA,, CA ( CA), CA CA,,, , ( Secure SH ell, SS H ) ftp pop telnet, SS H,, OpenSS H SS H OpenSSH SSH, ( Secure Sockets Layer, SSL) N etscape, ( Secure Transaction Technology, S T T ) Microsoft, S T T, Microsoft IE ( Secure E lectronic Transaction, SE T) ( VSA MasterCard) IBM,

104 3 93, SSL SE T 2. SSL SS L,, SSL,, SSL ( ) ( Web ), ( IE Netscape ) Web ( IIS NetscapeEnterpriseServer ) SSL, IE SSL IE SSL ( 1) SSL SSL : IE SSL ( SSL )

105 94 SSL, ;,,,, SSL ( ) Key T, ( ), C-KeyT ( ), C-Key T, KeyT KeyT,, Key, Key SSL, ( ) Key, Key, ( ), Key SSL, ( Key ),, ;,,, ( 2) SSL Web SSL, SSL,, SSL,, SSL SSL, 128, SSL,,, ( ), SSL,,, SET 3. SET,

106 3 95, ;,,,, SE T,, SE T,,, / ( 1) SET SE T, :,,,, CA, SET, ( 2) SE T SET SET, SET,, CA,,, SE T, SET,,,,, CA,, SET,,

107 96,, ;,,,,,, CA SET, SET ( 3) SET SE T, :,,,,,, SSL,,,,,,,,, H ash, ( ),, H ash ( ),,, SE T,,

108 3 97 ( 4) SE T SET : ( ),, ID SET, H ash,, SET (, ),,,,, H ash,,,,, SET,,,,,,,,, ( 5) SET SSL SS L, SET SET SSL, 3-2 SET,,, SET, SSL,,

109 98 SE T,,, SET, 3-2 SSL SET SSL SE T,, SSL,,,,,, ; SSL 3.4,,,, () /,,, 3.4.1, ; 1. w ww.ca365.com ( ), 3-9, CA CA

110

111 100, RootF ree.cer, 3-10,, ( 3-11 ),,, 3-10, / 3-9,, 3-12, RSA ( 3-13 ), 3-14,, 3-15,, ,,

112 RSA

113 , 3-16 hackerhorse , 1B84683 F55 FF

114 , (,, ),,, / IE, Internet,, IE 3-18, ( ), 3-19, 3-20, (,, ),,

115 IE

116 3 105,,,, 3-21, ( ), 3-21,, IE, Internet, 3-18,,, 3-22,,, 3-22

117 (.PFX), 3-23,,,,,,, 4. Foxmail /,,, Outlook Foxmail ( : Foxmail5.0 )Foxmail5.0 hackerhorse2004@163.com ( ), Foxmail, hackerhorse2004@163.com,,, 3-24

118 Foxmail,, 3-24 ( hackerhorse2004) 3-24, 5. Foxmail / ( 1) Foxmail :, Foxmail, ( ), 3-25, 3-25

119 108, ( 2) Foxmail Foxmail, 3-26 minmin hackerhorse@163.com 3-26, 6. Foxmail / ( 1) Foxmail :,, ( ) minmin@ccit.js.cn hackerhorse2004@163.com,,, 3-27, ( ), ( 2) Foxmail :

120 Foxmail,,,,,, ;,,,,, 3.5,, ; SSL SET,,,,,

121 ( 1) SE T,, ( ) CA A. B. C. D. ( 2), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4) SSL, ( ) A. SSL B. SSL Telnet C. SSL Internet D. SSL ( 5) ( ) A. DES B. H AS H C. SE T D. RSA ( 6) WW W ( ) A. SSL B. F T P C. CGL D. T CP/ IP ( 7) DES ( ) A. B. C. D. SET ( 8) ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D.

122 3 111 ( 2) SET ( ) A. SSL B. RSA C. Hash D. DES ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4) SE T ( ) A. B. C. D. E. F. 3. ( 1) ( 2)?? ( 3) SSL? SSL ( 4) SE T? SET ( 5) ( 6) SSL SET, ( 7), 4. ( 1) CA ( 2), Outlook Express Foxmail, ( 3), Dell ( 4), CA? ( 5),

123 4 :,, SK :,,,,,,, ID,,,, AT M,,,,, , , 30,,,, 600, LG,,,, ,,,,,,,,

124 ,,,,,,,,, :,,, Internet,,,, 4.1.1,, : ( 1),, ; ( 2) ( Int ernet) ; ( 3), Internet Extranet,, ;, ( 4),,,,,,, :, 3, SSL SET,,

125 114,,,,,,,,,,, Internet,,,, A TM POS ( EDI), ( E F T ),, ;,,, ;,, ( AT M) ;, ( POS ) ;,, ( Internet ),,, :, ;, ;, ( E F T ), ,,,,,?

126 ( ecash ),,,, ( Micropayment), 1, 2, 3,,,, Inter net, PIN,,, : ( 1),,, ( 2),, ( 3),, ( ),,,,,,,, ( 4),,,,,,, ;,,,

127 ( 1),,,,,,,, 1, 0.8,,,,,,,, DigiCash David Chaum, 1.5% 3 %, ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Internet, Internet,

128 4 117,,,,,,, , :, ( 100 ) IC,,,, ,,,,,,

129 118,, IC,,,, ecash ( ww w.ecash.net ) ecoin ( w ww.ecoin.net ) PayPal ( ww w.paypal.com) Clicks hare( share.com ) CyberCash ( com) ecash ecoin PayPal, 1. DigiCash(eCash) DigiCash, ecash, POS,, ecash : ecash, ecash ecash,, ecash, ecash DigiCash David Chaum, 1998,, DigiCash, 1999 DigiCas h ecas h 2002, ecash Nasdaq InfoSpace InfoSpace, ecach 4-2 ecash ( 2. ecoin.net ecoin.net ecoin,, 4-3 ecoin ecoin ecoin, ecoin, ecoin, ecoin,, ecoin ecoin, ecoin,, ecoin : ecoin,,, 4-4

130 ecash 4-3 ecoin

131 ecoin ecoin, ecoin, ecoin

132 4 121 ecoin,,,, ecoin, ecoin ecoin ecoin ecoin, ecoin, ecoin, ecoin, ecoin ecoin, 3. PayPal PayPal, ebay, PayPal PayPal

133 122 PayPal :,,,!, PayPal, PayPal, ,, POS, ATM, Inter net, SET SSL, 1. ( 1),,, ATM ( 2),,, ATM,,, ( ) ( 3),,, ;, ( 4),,,

134 4 123,,,,,,,,, IC,,, IC,,, 2. ( 1), ( 100B ),,,, ( 2) IC IC ( Integrated Circuits Card ), 4.5 ( 3), IC, IC, IC :, 4.1MB 6.6MB,,,,,, X 3. ( 1) ( VISA ) ( Master ) ( 2),

135 124, ; ( ), VISA American Express Card JCB Card MAS TE R Diners Clu b Card 4.3.2, SS L SET 1., 4-7, :,,,,, 4-7

136 4 125,, : Internet,, ; ;, ;, ; B2B, B2B,,, B2B 2. SSL SET 3, SSL SE T SSL, SSL,,, SSL,, SE T, SE T,,, SE T SET POS,

137 126, 2.,, 4-8, :,, ( Inter net), Internet,, SE T SSL SSL,, SSL, ( ),,, ( ),,,, IC

138 4 127 IC USB, ( ),,, USB,,, ( ), IC, 1., ww w com 4-9, 4-9,, :,

139 128, :,,,,,,,,, B2C ( e, e, B2C, e ),,,, 2., 4-10,, B2C B2C,

140 B2C B2C,, ( 1) SSL, 2-19, 4-12,, SSL,, SSL, 4-13 SSL,,,, 128 SSL, ht tp s:/ /, /, SSL 4-14 ( 2) , 4-14

141 SSL,, ( ) ( ),,,, ( 3), 4-15

142

143 132, 4-16,, IC U SB, , IC, 4-18 IC 4-17 IC 4-18 IC IC, IC, 4-19,, 4-20,,

144 4 133,,,

145 134 ( 4) SSL,, SSL, 4-21 SS L 4-21 SSL 5.,,, ,, 2.2.4,, B2C, ,,,,,,, 1. ( E- Wallet),,,

146 4 135,,,,,,,,,, :, ( ) 2., :, Mondex,,,,,, Internet,,, Microsoft Microsoft Wallet, IBM Consumer Wallet, Cyber Cash Int ernet Wallet,, IE Netscape,,,, ID, 4.4.2, Mondex, 1. Mondex ( 1) Mondex Mondex IC, ( National-Westminster ) 1990,

147 136, ( Swindon ) Mondex,,,, Mondex ( 2) Mondex, Mondex, Mondex, 4-22, Mondex (a) Monde x ( b ) Mond ex (c) Monde x 4-22 Mondex ( 3) Mondex Mondex Mondex,,, Mondex,,,,, Mondex, Mondex, PC Mondex 2.,,,,,

148 4 137 ( 1),,,,,,, ( 2) / ZI P,, setup.exe, :,!,, BOCE-wallet ( 3),,,,,,,

149 138 ( 4),,, 4-24 :, : BOCA : : :, 4-24,,,,

150 4 139 ( 5),,,,,,,,, 4-26,, 4-26 ( 6),, SET, SET,,,,,,,,, 4-27,,,,,, 4-28, PIN,, PIN,,,,,,

151 PIN ,,, ; Int ernet, ( Smart Card ) IC ( Integrated Circuit Card, ),

152 4 141,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( PIN), PIN, PIN,,, GSM,, PIN 2., 20 70, Moreno, IC 20,, IC, Bull H N 1997, IC ( 2800 ),, IC,, 1993,, 10 3,,,,,,,, 3. ( 1),, 3 ISO 7816, 1 2 3, EMV EMV VISA Master Card( ) 1996, CP U,

153 142 CEN CEN,, ( 2),, ( IC) IC IC POS IC,,,, IC,, IC IC IC 4., ( ) ( Internet ), : 4.3 IC, USB IC, IC, :,, IC Internet : IC,, Internet 4.4 Mondex : IC IC IC IC 5. ( 1), 3 m, IC E 2 PROM ( ), IC,, IC IC E 2 PROM,

154 4 143 E 2 PROM E 2 PROM, IC, IC, CPU CP U( ) E 2 PROM RAM( ) ROM( ) COS ( ) ROM IC CPU, E 2 PROM, RAM I/ O IC IC, CPU,, /, IC,,, ( 2), IC,, 8 IC, IC, IC 10cm, 0.1s, IC, ( 3) IC,,, ;, Mondex ,, Internet 4.3, SSL,,, USB, USB,

155 144 ( 1),, ( 2) Internet Web, PC,, ( 3) ( 4),,,, ( PIN ), P IN,,,,,,,,,, ,,,, 1. ( Electronic Check ),,,, 4-29,,,,,,

156 4 145, /, ,,,,,, PC PDA, :,,,, PIN, ;,, PIN ; 3. Internet, SWI F T, FST C Electronic Check NetCheque

157 146 NetBill FS TC ( FST C, Financial Services Technology Consortium) BIP ( Bank Inter net Payment ) ( ) NetCheque NetBill Carnegie-Mellon,, 4.6.2, 1. ;,, ;,,, ;, 2. :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,

158 ,,,,,,,,,, PDA IC,, 1. ( 1),, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2),, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3),, ( ) A. B. C. IC D. 2. ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2), ( ) A. IC B. IC C. IC D. CPU ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. Inter net

159 148 ( 4), ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( 1)?? ( 2),?? ( 3) ( 4) ( 5)? ( 6),?? ( 7), 4. ( 1) / ( 2) / ww w.bank-of-china.com, ( 3),?

160 5 :,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1000 /, 0.57 /, /, 500, 200 /, 1200 /,,, :, 4, 80, 160,200,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 PL)

161 150, ; ( 2PL), ; (3 PL),, ; (4PL),,, , : ( Phy sical Distribution), ( Physical Distribution ), 1986 :,, Logistics, Logistics Physical Distrib ution, Logistics,,,,,,,,,,, Physical Distribution Logistics,,,,,, Logistics,,,

162 5 151, 2001, ( Logistics ) :, 2.,, 5-1 : ;, ;, , ( 1),,, 5-2, : ;,,, :

163 , ; ;,, : ;,, ( 2),, 5-3,,,,,

164 , ;,,,,, china.alibaba.com.cn 4. ( 1),,,,,,, :, ;, ;, ( 2),

165 154,,, ,,,,,,, ,,,,, ; ; ; ; ; ;,,,

166 5 155,, ,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ;, ;, ; : ; ; ; ; 3.,, 8,,,,,,,

167 156, W TO,,,,,, ,,,, CD, ,, 72,,,, 2., ( 1),,,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,,

168 5 157,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,?,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.2.2,,, 1.,, 20 80,,,,,,

169 158,,,, 2., ( Third- Part Logistics, T P L),,,, ( 1),,,,, / ( 2), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, %

170 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.2.3,, ( 1), ; ; ;, ( Bar Code) ( Database) ( Electronic Ordering System, EOS ) ( EDI) ( Quick Response, QR ) ( Effective Customer Response, ECR )( Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP ) ( 2),,,,, / / ( 3), :,,,,

171 160,,, 20 90,,,, ( 4),, ( ),, ( 5),,, 20 90, ( Flexible Manufacturing System, F MS ) ( Computer Integrated Manufacturing Sy stem, CIMS ) ( Manufacturing Resource Planning, MRP ),,,,,, 5.3,,,,, 5.3.1,

172 5 161 :,, : ( 5-5 ), ( 5-6 ), ( 5-7 ) ( a) ( b) ( ) (c) 5-7 ( ), :,,

173 162,,, 5-8 ( a) ( b ) ( c) 5-8,,,,,,,, 5-9 ( a) ( b ) 5-9

174 5 163,,, 5-10 ( a) ( b) 5-10,,,, 5-11 ( a) ( b) 5-11

175 164, ;,,,,,, 5-12 ( a) ( b) ( c) 5-12,,,,, 5-13 ( a) ( b) ( c) 5-13,,

176 5 165, :,, 5-14 (a) ( b) ,, 5-15 ( a) ( b ) , ,, ;,,, Bar Code( ) RF (

177 166 ) EDI( ) GIS( ) GPS( ), EDI, 1, (a ) ( b ) (c) ( d) ( ) ( 1),,,,,, POS EDI,, ( ECR) ( QR )

178 5 167 ( ACEP ), POS EDI,,,,,,,,,, EDI, :, ;,, EA N/ U PC,, UCC/ EAN-128 ( UCC: Uniform Code Council Inc., ),, ( 2), 480, 1.5,,,,,,,,,,

179 168,,,,,,, 2. ( 1) ( Radio F requency, RF ), : ( ),,,,, ( PDT ), PDT, PDT, PDT, RF,, RF,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,

180 5 169,,,, 3. ( Geographical Information Sy stem, GIS),,,, ( ),, GIS, GIS GIS GIS 4. ( Global Positioning Sy stem, GPS), G PS ; ; ; 5.4 :,, ,, 40, 1.,, 1994,,

181 170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997,, :,,,, , Internet/ Intranet,,,,,,,,,,, Internet,,, 2.,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1999, ( Egistics Corporation ),,,

182 5 171,,,, EDI XDI( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1,,, XDI,,,,,,,, ERP,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

183 172,, 3.,, XDI,, XDI, XDI EDI, XDI EDI,, XDI,,,,, XDI,, I T,,, Int ernet,,, XDI,, XDI VP N

184 :,,,,,,,,,,, XDI,,, 4,, 8,, 3,,

185 174,,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,, :,, Internet,,,,,, 2003 TCL ( TOM ) 5.5,,,,,

186 ( 1) 1986 ( ), A. Physical Distribu tion B. Logistics C. Business Logistics D. Dist ribution ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 5), ( ) A. B., C. D. 2. ( 1) ( 2)?? ( 3)?? ( 4)?? ( 5)? ( 6)? 3.,

187 6 : (Breadcrumbs),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , ;,,,,,

188 , ( ), 1., CA ( 1), Inter net ( 2),, ( 3),,,,, ( 4) 24, (, ), : ( 5) CA,, ( 6),,

189 178, : : 2., ( B2B B2C ),,,, ( 1),,,,,, ( 2),,,, ( 3),,,

190 6 179,, 6.1.2, 1., ( ) ; ( ) ( 1),,,, ( 2),,,,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,

191 180 : ; ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ; :,, ;,,,,,,, 2.,,,, ( 1),,,,,

192 6 181,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( Dell),,, ( 2),,,,, B2C B2B B2G C2C C2G,,,,, ( 3),,,,

193 182 3.,, ( 1),,, ( ),, : Internet Web Inter net ( 2), ( 3),, ( 4),,,, 4., ;

194 6 183,,,, ,,,,,,,,, 8,, 1. ( 1) : : ( ) ( ) ( 2),, ( ; ) ( ; ; ; ),,,, ; ; ; ; ;,

195 184,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, 2.,, : ( ),,,,,, Web ;, ;,,, 3.,,

196 6 185 ( ),, : ; : ; :, ; :,,, : ; ; ;, 6.2.2,,,,, 1. ( 1),,,,,,, ( 2),,,,, ;,,, ( 3),,,,,,,

197 186 ( 4),,,,, ( 5),, 2.,,, : ( 1),, :, IBM U PS DELL Cisco : / china.alibaba.com,,,,,, ( CNNIC, / CN NIC ( ht tp :/ / w ww.internic.net, ICA NN ) ( 2),,,, (

198 6 187 ISP ), ( ),,, I P, ( W WW F T P ),,,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,, ;,, : : : :,, :, :, : ( 4), : :

199 188 : Flash :,, :,, Dreamweave ; ASP/ JSP ; Flash ( 5),, :, :, ; : ; : ; : Web :,,, ; :, Web, ; :, Web,,,, :,, ; ;,, ;,, ( 6),,, :, ;, ;,,,

200 6 189 : WEB F T P :, : 6.2.3,,,,, ; ; BBS; 1., ( 1),,,,,,,,,,, ( 2), :,, Google 10, : ( )

201 190,,,,,,,, 2.,,, : ; ( ) ;,, ; 3. BBS ( 1),, ; ;,, ( 2) BBS, BBS,, ( 3),, ; ;,, ;

202 6 191 :,, (, ), / URL,,,,,, 3721,, ( ) 3721 CNNIC 6.3,,,, E RP SCM CRM,, 1. SCM,,,,,,, ( Right P roduct ) ( Right T ime) ( Right Quantity) ( Right Quality ) ( Right Status ) ( Right Place),,, ( Collaboration Business ), e

203 192 ( : e-supply Chain Management, escm) escm,,,,,, escm ( 1) 6-1,,, escm,,,, SCM ( 2),,, escm,,,, 6-2 escm ( 3) escm,,,,,,,,,, 2. ( Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP )

204 6 193, 20 60, ( MRP ) ( M RP ) 90,, M RP E RP, E RP,,,,,,, ERP,, B2B,,, E RP (, ), (, ),,,,, ERP,,, ERP, ERP, ERP,, ; E RP 3. CRM ( Customer Relationship Management, CRM ),,,,,,, CRM,,,, CRM : ( ) ; ; ; CRM : DW DM OLAP

205 ERP SCM CRM,,, E RP CRM SCM, E RP CRM SCM ERP,, ;, SCM ERP,,,, SCM CRM,,,, ERP, SCM,,, SCM, ERP CRM,,,,, E RP SCM CRM,, ERP,,,,, CR M SCM PDM( ), 6.4 : , 20 11, 12000, , 12 ( ) ( : IDC),,,,,,, 500,,, QDI , ; 2003

206 6 195,,, ; , Best-Managed Companies ( ), , 4 ( ) , 2004, , :, ; :,, ; : ; : ( ht tp :/ / w ww.lenovo.com )

207 , :,,,,,,,, 1.7,, 20 %, 5 %, 25%,, 25%,,,,,,,,,,,?, PC, 4000,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,, 2. :,,

208 6 197,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,, :,, E RP ;, ERP SCM CR M,,, 3. ( 1) :,, ( ),,,,, CEO,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

209 198, ERP ( 2) 1996 MRP-, ERP,, ERP,, ERP SAP R/ 3 ( IBM ), ; 2, ERP, ERP, E RP,, ; ( FI) ( CO) ( SD) ( MM) ( PP ) 200, 77,,, CRM Siebel, ERP ( SCM) E RP,,,,,,, : ;, 4. ERP SCM,,,, ERP SCM, PRC ( )

210 6 199,, ( ),,,, ;, ; ; / :,, 1. ( 1), 6-4,,, B2C, ( 2),,, ( 3),,,,, ( ),,,, 6-5

211 200, ; ,,!,, ( ht tp:/ / index. jsp ),,,,,,, 60% 70%,,,

212 , 3., ;,,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ,,,,,,, I T, ERP,,,, PC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

213 ,, : ERP SCM CR M,,,,,,, 1. ( 1), ( ) A. B. C. D. E. ( 2), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3),, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4), ( )

214 6 203 A. C. 2. B. Telnet D. ( 1 ), ( 2), ( 3), ( 4) E RP SCM CRM, 3. ( 1),? ( 2) google.com, ( 3) escm SCM ( 4) ERP CRM SCM 4. ( 1) ( ),,, ( 2),, ; ; ;,

215 7 : DELL DELL ( DELL Computer) ( / www. dell.com) DELL, 600 DELL DEL L :, 800, ;,,, DELL DE LL, DELL,, DEL L DELL,,,,,,, DELL,,,, 7.1,, 7.1.1,,

216 7 205, CyberMarketing, Int ernet Mar keting, Networ k Marketing, e-marketing,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, ( 1), 4P, ( P roduct ), ( P rice ), ( Place ), ( P romotion), 4P, 4C 4C : ( Customer),,, ( Cost),,,,, ( Convenience),,, ( Communica tion),,,,,,

217 206,,,, ;,,,,, 4C, 4P Internet, 4P, ( 2),,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,, B2B,,

218 7 207,,,,, BBS,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : : iresearch iusersurvey , 25.2%, 20.9 %, 14.8%, iusersurvey

219 ,, : , ( / ), ( ), ( ), ( : / 6, , / , , ,,, ,, , , , ( 1) , , ,,

220 7 209 :,,, , , ,, ,,, , , ( 2) URL ,,,,,,,,,,, URL ,, ( ht tp :/ / mailto:,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,

221 210 :,, 2., Web Web ( 1) Web Web, Web,, 24, Web, ( Ban ner ),,, GI F,,,,,, Banner, Banner ,,, (, ), 7-2,,,, ( Homepage),,, Web, ( Rich Banner),,,,,

222 ,,, ( 2) Web Web DoubleClick,, DoubleClick /, /,,,, /, :,

223 212,,,, 1.,,,,,, ( 1) Mailing List,,,,,,, ;,, :, : :,,,,, ;, ( 2),,,,

224 7 213,, :,,,, F AQ,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 2.,,, ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,

225 214,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,,, CN NIC 7-3,,, ,,,,,,

226 ,, : Google ( w ww. google.com), ( ww w.baidu.com.cn ) ( ),,,, : ( Indexer), ( Spider ) ( Robot),,, Google ;,, Lycos,

227 216,,, ( w ww.yahoo.com) ( Yahoo!) 7-5

228 7 217,, InfoSpace( ( / ( / www. alibaba.com),, ; ( ht tp :/ / w ww.s martmr.com),,,,, ( Web ) DIALOG ( / ww w.dialog.com ), DIALOG, ( CECDB) 1988, CECDB 20, , DIALOG CECDB, 3.,,,,,,,, ( 1),,,,,

229 218,,,, ( 2),,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,, ( 4),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, -,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.3 4P, 4C, 4C, 4P Internet,

230 P,,, ( ) ;, ; ;, 4P 4C,, 7.3.1,,,,,, 1.,,,,,, : ( 1),,, ( Eyes, :, ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),

231 220,,,, ( 4),,,, ,,, 2.,, ; F AQ ( ) ; : F AQ ( 1) FA Q( F requently As ked Questions),, FA Q FAQ,,, FA Q, ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,

232 7 221,, F AQ ( 4),,,,,,, ( 5), ( QQ, ICQ, MSN Messenger ),,,,,,,, 7.3.2, :,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,

233 ,, ( 1),,,, 10% 15%,,, ( 2),,,, ( 3),,,, ( 4),,,,,,,,, ( 5) :, ;,,, ; ;,

234 7 223,,, 7.3.4,,,, 7-7, , 1984, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, Internet,,,,

235 ,,,,,,,,,, 7-8, :,, ( 1) ,, CP M ( Cost Per Mille, Cost Per T housand, Cost Per Impressions ) CPM 1000, 1 / CP M, 1, CP M,,,, CPM CPC( Cost Per Click, Cost Per Thousand Click-T hrough ) 1000

236 7 225,,,, CPA ( Cost Per Action ) CP A,, CPA,, CP M,,,,, ( 2),,,,,, :,, ( 3),,, 7.4 : ,,,,, , 1.,,,,,,,,,,

237 226 2., 40,, 60000, 2, 5, 7,,,,, : FA Q,,,,, 1994, ,,,, ;

238 7 227 ;,,,,,,,, ;, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. GE( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.5 Internet,

239 228,, 4C ;, 1. ( 1), ( ) A. B. C. D., ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C.

240 7 229 D., ( 4) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 5), ( ) A. B. C. D., 3. ( 1) 4C ( 2) ( 3) 4. ( 1),, ( 2)

241 8 :,,2004,,,?,, :,,, ( ;,, 300, 1999,, : , ( ) ( ),,,,,,,!,,,,,,,

242 ,,, 20, :,,,,,,, e, e e e e e,, 1/ 3,,,,, 2002, ,,,, 8.1.2,, : ( 1),,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,

243 232,, ( ),,, 6, 5.03, 12%, 40.3 %, 6832 ( 3),,,,,,,,,,, ( 4),,,, ( 5),,,,,,,,,, ( 6) I T Aberdeen Group ( ww w.aberdeen.com), 93 %, 21,

244 8 233, / / Web, :,,, ( GE ), GE, 28 3,, GE 300, GE, GE,, 4 GE, GE,,,,,, ( ), 10 GE, 4 10,,,,, 10% 20%, 8.2,,

245 ,,, 21,, ( EDI), :,, ;, ;, 90 % EDI,, EDI 20 EDI 20 90, 1998,, 2001 W TO,,,,,,, 2., : ( 1),,,,,, ;,,,

246 8 235,, ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,,, ( 4),,,,, ,, 8848.net 2000,, 2002,,,,,,,, CNNIC 12, , 8700, 6.7%,

247 236, 58 %,,,, 2. ( 1), ( RE- Commerce),, ,,, :, ;, Internet Mall, 2000, ;,, ,, : 18, 6,,,,,,

248 8 237 ( 2),,,,,,,,,, : ,, ( 3) ( E-SCM),,, ;,,,,,,,, 3. OK ( 1) I T 5000,, ,,, B2C B2B OK, 3, OK 8-1

249 OK ( 2) O K, , 11000,, PDA OK,, O K 80, O K,, PDA

250 8 239,,,,,,,, O K, OK, ( 3) w ww.lhok.com 96801,,, O K,,, OK,,, OK, OK ( 4) OK O K,,,, B2C,, OK 8.3,,, 8.3.1,,,,,,

251 240 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,,, 2000, PC,,, 2003, 527, 15.1%, 15.1 % 60% 64 %,, 2005, 880, 25 % ; 20280, 30% 2., ( 1) +,

252 8 241,,, +,,, ( 2),,,,,,,,, , , ,, 22, , 32.38,,, 3 ( ww w.htsc.com.cn, 8-2 ),, : ( 1),

253 , ( 2),,, ( 3),, K,,,,,, ( 4) E,

254 ,,, : ; ; ;,,, 2003,,,, 1996, 1996, ,,, 1999, 5,,,, 2.,,,, ;,,, :,

255 244, ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2., ( 1),,,,,,,, ( 2) +,, ( ),, 50%, ( ), TCL, 50%,,,,,,

256 8 245 ( 3) +,,,,,, 3.,, 10, 1, 200, 7, 60,, ( ht tp:/ / w ww.cbern.gov.cn ),,,, 67,, 200,, 100, ,,,,,,,, 8.4.1,,, E-Government,,,,,

257 246,,, , 40 ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) :,,,,,,, 8.4.2, 1. ( G2G) :

258 8 247,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. ( G2B),, : ( 1) GDP ( ) 10 % 15 %,,,,,,,,,,,

259 248 ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,, ( 4),,,,, ( 5),,, 3. ( G2C) : ( 1),,,,, ( 2), ; ;, ( 3),, ;,

260 8 249 ;,, ( 4),, ;, ;, ( 5),, ;, ; ( 6) ;,,,,,, G2C,, 8.4.3,, (, ) ( 1) 80,,,, ( 2) ,,,,,,,,,,,

261 250 ( 3) 1999,,,,,,, ; ( 8-3 ),, 8-3

262 , 2005,,,,, ( 4), 2002,, W TO :, :, :, : 12 12, ; ( ) 5 ; 5,,,,,, , 2004,,, ;, ;, ;, ;

263 ,,,,,,,, 1. ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4) ( ) A. EDI B. C. D. ( 5) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 6) ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( 1),?

264 8 253 ( 2) ( 3) 3. ( 1), ( 2),,

265 [1 ].. :, 2003 [2 ],.. :,2002 [3 ]. ( 2 ). :,2002 [4 ],. ( 2 ). :, 2004 [5 ],.. :,2003 [6 ],.. :,2003 [7 ],.. :,2004 [8 ],.. :,2002 [9 ],.. :, 2002 [10].. :,2002 [11].. :,2002 [12].. :, 2003 [13],,.. :, 2004 [14] Philip Kolter,. :,2003 [15].. :,2002

266 [1 ] : ht tp :/ / china.alibaba.com [2 ] : / [3 ] : / [4 ] EC : / [5 ] : / [6 ] eworks : ht tp:/ / [7 ] : / [8 ] : / [9 ] : [10] : [11] : [12] : [13] : /