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1 小清河感潮河段与河口区温排水模拟及对地貌的响应金玉休 1, 朱龙海 1,2, 吴建政 1,2, 胡日军 1,2, 张伟 1 1,2, 姜胜辉 (1., ; 2., ) 摘要 : 为研究感潮河段温排水的扩散规律及其与地形地貌的响应关系, 建立了二维温排水数学模型, 模拟了不同径流量条件下小清河下游感潮河段及河口外海域温排水扩散影响, 以期对滨海电厂建设和温排水扩散研究提供借鉴研究表明, 针对小清河感潮河段弯曲河道狭窄河口两侧潮滩宽阔的特点, 采用三角形与矩形网格嵌套的方法, 能够更为准确地拟合实际岸线和地形地貌特征 ; 采用动边界处理方法能较好地反映河口潮滩潮流场和温排水扩散特征受小清河河口地形地貌的影响, 温排水主要沿河口向上游或下游扩散, 水深浅于 3 m 温排水扩散面积占总面积的 70% 以上 ; 小清河口外海域和取水口温升与潮位和径流量之间存在一定的相关关系关键词 : 小清河感潮河段 ; 河口区 ; 温排水扩散 ; 数值模拟 ; 地貌响应中图分类号 : P76 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2014) doi: /hykx , [1],, [2], 1 000MW, 30~40 m 3 /s [3],,, [4],,, ( ), [5] ;, [6-7], [5] 20 40, 1968 Harleman [8] TVA Browns Ferry McGruik Rodi [9] k-ε, [10-13] 20 80, [14], [15-19] [20-23], [24] [25] [26] [23,27], [28-31],, [32],,,,,, [18],,, 1 研究区概况,, 0.02% 0.03%, [33], : ; : : ( ) : (1987-),,,,, : , @qq.com; (1979-),,,,,,, : , zhulonghai@ 163.com 74 / 2014 / 38 / 11

2 117 cm, 125 cm; SSW-NNE, cm/s;, [33-34] SE,, NE, N NNE NE [33] [33-35] [36] 2 数学模型 2.1 潮流模型控制方程 (1) : ζ + ( hu) + ( hv) = 0 (1) t x y : u u u u v u ε u + + x εx t x y x x y y fv (2) 2 2 gu u + v ζ + = g 2 CZ H x v v v u v v ε v + + x εy + t x y x x y y fu (3) 2 2 gv u + v ζ + = g 2 CZ H y : ζ ; h ; H, H=h+ ; u v x y ; g ; f (f=2 sin, ); C Z, 1 C Z = H, n ; n x y x y (2) : ζ ( x, y,t ) = ζ ( x, y,t 0) = 0 t=t0 (4) ux,y,t ( ) =vx,y,t ( 0) t=t = 0 t=t0 0 :, V n=0; 2.2 温排水模型控制方程 (1) ( HT ) ( HTu) ( HTv) + + = t x y (5) T T KT s HDx + HDy + Q0 x x y y Cp ρ : H ; ; T ; D x D y x y ; C p ; u v x y ; Q 0 ; K s (2) :,, : T T + Vn = 0 (6) t n n 2.3 模型范围 1, 1 6 Fig.1 1 Location of the study area and scope of the model Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 11 /

3 , , 10 m 2.4 水深地形与岸线 Landsat TM ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) AutoCAD WGS-84, 模型水边界输入 :, M 2 S 2 K 1 O 1, : 4 ζ() t = f H cos[ σ t g + ( v + u)] (7) i i i i 0 i i= 1, σ i i ( : M 2 S 2 O 1 K 1 ) ; H i g i, ; f i v i u i : 2.6 参数设置 MW 53.1 m 3 /s, ~2006, 32.6 m 3 /s,, 0 m 3 /s D x, D y, 1 [24], [31] K s =45 W/(m 2 ) 3 结果与讨论 3.1 模型检验 (1), M 2 S 2 K 1 O 1, 2 2 Fig.2 Verifying curve of tide (2) , C1 C2 C3 C4, 1, 3 C2,, C2 76 / 2014 / 38 / 11

4 Fig.3 3 Verifying curve of tidal current C3 C4,, C3 C4,, 3.2 小清河河口岸线和水深地形特征,, ( 4) 1~ 6 m (1985 ), 7.5 m, 3.0 m, 4 Landsat ETM+ ( ) Fig.4 Landsat ETM+ satellite image( ) 0.4 ~0.7, 5 m 10 km 模型网格设置对地形地貌的影响 Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 11 /

图 5 水深(m)地形图 Fig.5 Bathymetric charts 滩等特点, 分析比较了采用三角形网格矩形网格以动边界, 能够更为准确地反映河口温排水扩散影及三角形网格与矩形网格相嵌套的方法对河道和河响情况口水深地形的影响, 如图 6 表 1 所示三角形网格与矩形网格相嵌套的方法更能有效地拟合小清河弯 3.

5 图 5 水深(m)地形图 Fig.5 Bathymetric charts 滩等特点, 分析比较了采用三角形网格矩形网格以动边界, 能够更为准确地反映河口温排水扩散影及三角形网格与矩形网格相嵌套的方法对河道和河响情况口水深地形的影响, 如图 6 表 1 所示三角形网格与矩形网格相嵌套的方法更能有效地拟合小清河弯 3.4 温排水对地形地貌的响应特征曲河道和潮滩的地形地貌特征, 单独采用矩形网格本文对大潮水文条件下 MW 机组运行或三角形网格在网格空间步长足够小的情况下, 也后的温排水影响进行了预测, 温排水排放 20 d 温升可以拟合地形特征, 但会大大增加网格数量, 加大场稳定后, 提取大潮温升最大包络线为了比较不同运算时间径流量条件下的温升扩散特征, 以小清河多年平均小清河口两侧老河口与淄脉沟之间潮滩的面径流量 32.6 m3/s 为基础, 同时分别模拟预测了小于积约 46 km 2, 在不考虑漫滩的情况下, 不能准确反平均径流量(取 10 m3/s)和大于平均径流量(取 50 m3/s) 映河口区潮流场和温排水扩散特征本次研究采用条件下的温排水扩散, 结果如图 7 所示图 6 网格设置及对应水深(m)地形 Fig.6 Grid settings and corresponding depth 78 海洋科学 / 2014 年 / 第 38 卷 / 第 11 期

6 表 1 不同网格设置比较一览表 Tab.1 Comparison of different grid settings 序号网格类型河道最小网格间距 (m) 网格数量 ( 个 ) 预计运算时间 (h) 1 三角形网格岸线拟合好 2 三角形网格和矩形网格嵌套 20( 垂直河道方向 ) 100( 顺河道方向 ) 优点岸线和河道地形拟合好, 运算时间短 3 矩形网格 20 > >20 网格形成简单缺点河道地形拟合相对较差, 运行时间长需分区设置网格, 较繁琐岸线水深拟合差, 运行时间长 7 (m 3 /s) ( ) Fig.7 Temperature rise envelope under different runoff 7,,, 32.6 m 3 /s, > km 2 1.0, m, >1 47%~48%, 73%~80% 86%~95%, >2 47%~49%, 68%~81% 81%~94%, >4 40%~48%, 56%~79% 72%~92%( 2) 3.5 温升与潮位之间的关系分析, (1#, 7 ),,,,,, 0 ( 8a 1# );,,,, 5.6~9.5 ( 8 1# 3 ) (2#, 7 ),,, 9.5~10.1 ( 8 2# 3 ) (3#, 7 ),,, 7.8~10.0 ( 3 );,, 0 ( 8 3# ) 3.6 温升与径流量之间的关系分析 ( 3 ) (1#, 7 ),,, 10.0, m 3 /s, 1# 1.6, ( 3 ) (3#, 7 ),, ( 3 ),,,, Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 11 /

7 表 2 不同径流量条件下温升包络面积 Tab.2 Temperature rise envelope area under different runoff 小清河径流量 (m 3 /s) 温升 ( ) 最大包络面积 (km 2 ) > > > > > > > > > 水深 (m) 包络面积 (km 2 ) 占最大包络面积百分比 (%) , 10, 9.88, 19.88,,, 2, 12,, 21.88, 11.88,, 9.88 ( 8 3 ) 3.7 模型误差分析 (1) 2013, 2007, 2007 (2), 1957~2006, (3), (4), 80 / 2014 / 38 / 11

8 8 Fig.8 Curve of temperature rise and tidal 表 3 不同径流量条件下特征点温升 Tab.3 Temperature rise under different runoff 小清河径流量 (m 3 /s) 位置最大温升 ( ) 平均温升 ( ) 1# # # # # # # # # , (5),, ;,,,,, ;,,, 4 结论,, : (1),, ; (2), (3),, ;,,, (4),, Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 11 /

9 ;,,, : [1],,,. [J]., 2012, 31(4): [2],. [J]., 2001, 21(1): [3],,. [J]., 2005, 21(4): [4],,,. [J]. ( ), 2008, 41(3): [5],,,. [J]., 2012, 30( ): [6],. [J]., 2002, 17(6): [7],,. / [J]., 2009, 19(10): [8] Harleman D R F, Hall L C. Thermal diffusion of condenser water in a river during steady and unsteady flows with application to the TVA Browns Ferry nuclear plant[j].hydrodynamics Laboratory Report, 1968, 3: [9] McGuirk J J, Rodi W. A depth averaged mathematical model for near field of side Discharges into open channel flow[j]. Fluid Mech, 1978,86: [10] Hamrick J V. Analysis of water temperatures in Conowingo Pond as influenced by the Peach Bottom atomic power plant thermal discharge[j]. Environmental Sicence & Plolicy, 2000,3(suppl): [11] Florentina M, Joel G. Water temperature behavior in the River Loire since 1976 and 1881[J]. C R Geoscience, 2006, 338(5): [12] Webb B W, Nobilis F. Water temperature behavior in the River Danube during the twentieth century[j]. Hydrobiologia,1994, 291: [13] Poornima E H, Rajadurai M, Rao T S, et al. Impact of thermal discharge from a tropical coastal power plant on phytoplankton[j]. Water Research, 2001, 1(35): [14],. [J]., 1988, 7(3): [15],,,. [J]., 2005, 36(3): [16],,,. [J]., 2005, 2: [17],,. [J]., 2008, 4: [18],,. [J]., 2006, 23(3): [19],,. [J]., 2011, 32(4): [20],, 昞. [J]., 2010, 6: [21],,. [J]., 2008, 27(3): [22]. [J]., 2007, 26(4): [23]. [J]., 2007, 4: [24],,,. Mike21FM [J]., 2009, 22(3): [25],. [J]., 1999, 1: [26],,. [J]. (A ), 2010, 25(4): [27],. [J]., 2004, 8: [28],,,. [J]., 1998, 17(2): [29],,. [J]., 2004, 5: / 2014 / 38 / 11

10 [30],,. [J]., 2008, 36(4): [31],. [J]., 2007, 27(6): [32],,,. [J]., 2006, 25(5): [33],. [J]., 1999, 3: [34]. [J]., 1982, 5: [35],. [J]., 1998, 3: [36],,,. [J]., 2008, 28(6): Thermal discharge simulation of the tidal reach of the Xiaoqinghe River and estuary area and the response to the landscape JIN Yu-xiu 1, ZHU Long-hai 1,2, WU Jian-zheng 1,2, HU Ri-jun 1,2, ZHANG Wei 1, JIANG Sheng-hui 1,2 (1. Key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China; 2.College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China) Received: Aug.,14,2013 Key words: the Xiaoqinghe tidal river; estuary; cooling water dispersion; numerical simulation; geomorphology response Abstract: A 2-D numerical model for simulating the flow and heat transport of power plant cooling water discharged was established. The results show that the Xiaoqinghe tidal river and estuary have the characteristics of channel bends, narrow river and broad tidal flat. The triangle and rectangular grid nested approach can fit the actual shoreline and terrain features more accurately. Moving boundary treatment method can better reflect the trend of estuarine intertidal drainage field and temperature diffusion characteristics. The cooling water mainly diffuses along the estuary to the upstream or downstream. The area with a depth of less than 3.0 m is above 70% of the total cooling water area. It reveals the correlation between temperature rise and tide as well as runoff. ( 本文编辑 : 刘珊珊 ) Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 11 /

Ansys /4 Ansys % 9 60% MU10 M m 1 Fig. Actual situation of measured building 1 Fig. 1 First floor plan of typical r

Ansys /4 Ansys % 9 60% MU10 M m 1 Fig. Actual situation of measured building 1 Fig. 1 First floor plan of typical r 0 5 011 10 JOURNAL OF NATURAL DISASTERS Vol. 0 No. 5 Oct. 011 1004-4574 011 05-0018 - 06 1 3 1. 41008. 41008 3. 410000 7 0. 10g 7 0. 15g 3. 1% 5% P64. 3 A Field test and numerical simulations of seismic