Oct McCawley / / a 1. 1 Dixon1977 Dixon Dixon1977Schachter Hausa 1 1a. mutum mai al

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Oct McCawley / / a 1. 1 Dixon1977 Dixon Dixon1977Schachter Hausa 1 1a. mutum mai al"

拥酬花
5 years ago
Views:

1 Chinese Language Learning Oct a b c a c b H A McCawley * McCawley a 2009b

2 Oct McCawley / / a 1. 1 Dixon1977 Dixon Dixon1977Schachter Hausa 1 1a. mutum mai alheri with b. mutum mai doki with 2a. Yana da alheri b. Yana da doki 1 4

3 Chinese Language Learning Oct Bemba 3a. umuuntu ùashipa b. umuuntu ùalemba 4a. umuuntu áashipa b. umuuntu áalemba 1 - adjectival-noun languages Quechua 5a. chay hatun runa b. Chay runa hatun c. Rikakahatun-kuna-ta 6a. chay alkalde runa b. Chay runa alkalde c. Rikakaalkalde -kuna-ta 2 - adjectival-verb languages 7 / 8 / Givón1984 time stability Dixon1977 Whaley L1996 fire flicker to tower Thompson1988 Givón1984 Dixon19777 Thompson 1 79% 71% 9 5

4 Oct % 29% 10 瑏瑡 Hopper & Thompson1984 Croft1991Dixon1977 motion whiteness ness prototypical Croft 2 Croft1991 Noun Adjective Object Reference Property Modification Verb Action Predication 3 3 Croft1991 vehicle vehicle s vehicular of vehicle in vehicle be a / the vehicle whiteness white be white destruction to destroy destroying destroyed destroy Harrie Wetzer Quechua 5a b hatun 5c hatun The old need attention 2000 noun-like 6

5 Chinese Language Learning Oct Dixon babba qanqane sabo tsofo fari baqi ja dogo gajere nagari sauki sauri shiru kwari matsyaci 1. 3 Croft1991 unmarked marked I - + II - + / - / III - - IV + / - - V + - I 1 1 Hua Bura fu nupa fu baie fu I 7

6 Oct 瑏瑤 a. red paper b. The paper is red. 瑏瑥 a. njia fupi b. Njia ya mwongo ni fupi. II 瑏瑦 a. szép ház b. n szép vagyok. c. A ház szép 瑏瑧 a. tirɑjliq qiztɑq b. bu qiztɑq tirɑjliq ikεn c. bu qiztɑq tirɑjliq I II V + ed V + ing to + V V + o /t /ando III 8 瑏瑨 a. ɑtsɑ ɡɑm b. senx ɡɑm 瑏瑩 a. kɑ-sɑ ɑdzɑ b. ɑ ɑdzɑ kɑ-lu. -

7 Chinese Language Learning Oct 瑐瑠 a. akai hana b. Hana ga akai 瑐瑡 a. watashi - ga sunde - iru - ie - b. Watashi-wa sono ie ni sunde-iru - - IV 瑐瑢 a. phε niuε b. phε no niuε c. l kho phε 瑐瑣 a. meja yang besar b. meja itu besar 瑐瑤 a. orang yang membeli sepatu b. Orang itu membeli sepatu V 瑐瑥 a. makapahaj a wawa b. makapahaj kuni a wawa 瑐瑦 a. maumahaj a kapah b. maumahaj tiwama 瑐瑧 a. p ur-n namuwu b. namujip -i p ur-ni - 9

8 Oct n /-n -nn /-n -tn -r /r 瑐瑨 a. ta -wt k-mbro b. k-mbro wa-wat c. ta -wat mbro 瑐瑩 a. t ka-za w-z os 5 I V 72 I 12 II 7 III 29 IV 16 V I 12 II 7 / III 29 IV 16 V 8 72 I 12 II 7 III 29 IV 16 V IV 瑑瑠 a. b. c. 10

9 Chinese Language Learning Oct 瑑瑡 a. * b. c. 2 瑑瑢 a. b. 3 / 瑑瑣 a. b % % % Givón1984Thompson1988 Aristotle 10 substance property

10 Oct subject predicate 1 2 { { { sick ill afraid

11 Chinese Language Learning Oct lón mói? cng tu chính 5 70% a b 30% c a c c a a c chief main sole sheer utter be afraid sure alive ill faint 7 7 / 13

12 Oct b a a a a AA AABB AA ABAB a a a a 1982 Dixon2004 Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. / Dixon2004 a c a c b Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅱb b c 1. A. C J M J M M M A. C J M A. C A. C J. P.. A. C

13 Chinese Language Learning Oct J J M J J J I M A. C J M J J A. C J J J A. 40 C D J J M A. C J M J M M M J J M J Bhat D. N. S. The Adjectival CategoryM. Amsterdam /Philadelphia John Benjamins Comrie B. eds. The World's Major LanguagesM. London & Sydney Croom Helm Croft W. Syntactic Categories and Grammatical RelationsA. The Cognitive Organization of InformationC. Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press Dixon R. M. W. Where have all adjective gone J. Studies in Language Dixon R. M. W. Adjective classes in typological perspectivem. in Dixon R. M. W. & AlexandraY. Aikenvald eds Dixon R. M. W. & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald eds.. Adjective ClassesA. A Cross-Linguistic TypologyC. OxfordOxford University Press

14 Oct Givón T. SyntaxA. A Functional and Typological IntroductionC. AmsterdamJhon Benjamins Hajek John What can we conclude in J. Dixon R. M. W. and Alexandra Y. Aikenvald eds Hengeveld K. Parts - of - speech systems and morphological types J. ACLC Working Papers Hengeveld K. J. Rijkhoff & A. SiewierskaParts-of-speech systems and word orderj. Journal of Linguistics Hengeveld Kees. Non-verbal predicationa. theory typology diachronyfunctional Grammar Series 15 C. BerlinMouton de Gruyter Hopper Paul J. &Thompson S. A. The discourse basis for lexical categories in universal grammar J. Language McCawley J. D. Justifying parts-of-speech assignments in Mandarin ChineseM. Journal of Chinese Linguistics Schachter P. Parts of speech systemsa. In Shopen T. eds. Language Typology and Syntactic DescriptionC Cambridge Cambridge University Press Thompson S. A. A discourse approach to the cross - linguistic category Adjective A. In Hawkins J. A. ed. Explaining Language UniversalsC. Oxford and New YorkBasil Blackwell Wetzer H. The Typology of Adjectival PredicationM. Berlin /New Yorkde Gruyter Whaley L. J. Introduction to TypologyA. The Unity and Diversity of languagec. Thousand OaksSage Publication Vogel P. M. &B. Comrieeds.. Approaches to the Typology of Word ClassesM. Berlin New YorkMouton de Gruyter Typology of Adjective and the Grammatical Status of Adjective in Mandarin Chinese GUO Rui Department of Chinese Language and Literature Peking University Beijing AbstractThere has been differing opinions in terms of the grammatical nature of Chinese adjectives. The goal of this paper is to identify property words as modificative or predicative from a typological perspective. Property words of 72 languages in the world are investigated according to the criteria of being marked or unmarked when functioning as attribute or predicate and five types of grammatical nature of Property words are differentiated. Chinese Property words belong to the fourth type. Namely Chinese Property words can be classified into three typesa. predicative b. modificative c. both modificative and predicative. The best solution in the light of Chinese property words is to classify a. and c. as adjective and classify c. as attributive. On the bases of the above analysis the idea of correspondence between semantic categories and prototypes of parts of speech is suggested from the binary divergence of substance and property. The strength of degree and constancy is the main factor of coding constant property words as predicate or modifier and the difference between languages mainly manifests in the processing of constant property words. Key wordsadjectivetypologysubstanceproperty 16

U RF

U RF 20 *? E254 A 1671-4741 2016 03-0049 - 14 20 20 1971 1975 1962 4 1 1962 1955 12 18 18 1957 8700 3942 1958 2 1963 4 1 8 1 9 18 2 6 1965 1966 73 71 1967 1959 10 RB - 570 1 2 * 49 20 60 1 1 10 U - 2 1 3 18