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1 43 9 Vol. 43, No ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA September, 2017 : 1, , 6, 7 1 :. 2015, ; , Gartner, (Peak of inflated expectations); (Smart contract) (Smart asset) 2016,,, Manuscript received July 7, 2017 ( , , , ) Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( , , , ) :,,,, :, 2017, 43(9): Citation: Yuan Yong, Zhou Tao, Zhou Ao-Ying, Duan Yong- Chao, Wang Fei-Yue. Blockchain technology: from data intelligence to knowledge automation. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2017, 43(9): The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries, Qingdao University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai SEEC Media Group Limited, Beijing Research Center of Military Computational Experiments and Parallel System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha Center of China Economic and Social Security, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing ;,,, 1 000, [1].,, :,,,.,., /,,,,

2 ,.,,,,., (Hyperledger), ( ), , The DAO,,.,,,,,,,, 2 : UDC AFC, ( ) ;, CyberSpace [2].,, (Cyberspace) (Cyber-physical-social systems, CPSS);, CPSS,, [3].,, [4], (Descriptive intelligence) (Predictive intelligence) (Prescriptive intelligence),, (Uncertainty) (Diversity) (Complexity) CPSS (Agile) (Focus) (Convergent), UDC AFC. CPSS

3 9 : : 1487, IT, (Generative adversary networks, GAN) [5]., IF-THEN, CPSS, ;, 3 :, , (The 1st International Symposium on Blockchain and Knowledge Automation, ISBKA), Parallel Blockchain: Concept, Techniques and Applications, [6].,, ; [7].,,, ACP [8] [9 10], 4,,, 26, 2016,, 11, ; ; / :, Web of Science, CiteSpace, ; PoW, (Proof of work, PoW),

4 PoW (Zero determinant, ZD),,,., ;,,, :,,, ; (Delegated proof of stake, DPOS), ;,,, (, ),, ;,,,,, 2016, AlphaGo 4 : 1 60, (Enterprise resource planning, ERP), ERP 3.0, ERP, ERP

5 9 : : 1489 ERP 3.0 ERP, ERP,, (Recurrent neural network, RNN),,, MNIST,,,,,, Rete ;, Rete Rete,, Rete, Rete, Rete D-S,, D-S,, D-S ;,,,, ;,, References 1 Yuan Yong, Wang Fei-Yue. Blockchain: the state of the art and future trends. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2016, 42(4): (,, 2016, 42(4): ) 2 Wang Fei-Yue. Software-defined systems and knowledge automation: a parallel paradigm shift from Newton to Merton. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2015, 41(1): 1 8 ( :, 2015, 41(1): 1 8) 3 Wang Fei-Yue, Wang Xiao, Yuan Yong, Wang Tao, Lin Yi-Lun. Social computing and computational societies: the foundation and consequence of smart societies. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(5 6): (,,,, :, 2015, 60(5 6): ) 4 Wang Fei-Yue. The destiny: towards knowledge automation preface of the special issue for the 50th anniversary of Acta Automatica Sinica. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2013, 39(11): ( : 50, 2013, 39(11): ) 5 Wang K F, Gou C, Duan Y J, Lin Y L, Zheng X H, Wang F Y. Generative adversary networks: introduction and outlook. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2017, 4(3):

1490 自动 6 Yuan Y, Wang F Y. Towards blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC2016).

IEEE/ CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2016, 3(2): 113 120 8 Wang F Y, Zhang J, Wei Q L, Zheng X H, Li L. PDP: parallel dynamic programming.

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2016, 3(4): 345 348 10 Wang X, Li L X, Yuan Y, Ye P J, Wang F Y. ACP-based social computing and parallel intelligence: societies 5.0 and beyond.

E-mail: yong.yuan@ia.ac.cn (YUAN Yong Associate professor at The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

His research interest covers social computing, computational advertising, and blockchain. Corresponding author of this paper.) 周涛电子科技大学教授, 互联网科学中心主任. 2010 年获瑞士弗里堡大学物理系哲学博士学位.

6 1490 自动 6 Yuan Y, Wang F Y. Towards blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC2016). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IEEE, Wang F Y, Zhang J J, Zheng X H, Wang X, Yuan Y, Dai X X, Zhang J, Yang L Q. Where does AlphaGo go: from Church-Turing Thesis to AlphaGo Thesis and beyond. IEEE/ CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2016, 3(2): Wang F Y, Zhang J, Wei Q L, Zheng X H, Li L. PDP: parallel dynamic programming. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2017, 4(1): Wang F Y, Wang X, Li L X, Li L. Step towards parallel intelligence. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2016, 3(4): Wang X, Li L X, Yuan Y, Ye P J, Wang F Y. ACP-based social computing and parallel intelligence: societies 5.0 and beyond. CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, 2016, 1(4): 客座编委袁勇中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室副研究员, 青岛智能产业技术研究院副院长年获得山东科技大学计算机软件与理论专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为社会计算, 计算广告学与区块链. 本文通信作者. yong.yuan@ia.ac.cn (YUAN Yong Associate professor at The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also the vice president of Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries. He received his Ph. D. degree in computer software and theory from Shandong University of Science and Technology in His research interest covers social computing, computational advertising, and blockchain. Corresponding author of this paper.) 周涛电子科技大学教授, 互联网科学中心主任年获瑞士弗里堡大学物理系哲学博士学位. 主要研究方向为复杂性科学, 网络科学, 信息物理, 人类动力学和群集动力学. zhutouster@gmail.com (ZHOU Tao Professor at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. He is also the director of the Research Center of Web Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. He received his Ph. D. degree 化学报 43 卷 from Department of Physics at University of Fribourg in His research interest covers complexity science, Web science, information physics, human dynamics, and crowd dynamics.) 周傲英华东师范大学副校长, 数据科学与工程学院教授年在复旦大学计算机系获得博士学位. 主要研究方向为 Web 数据管理, 数据密集型计算, 内存集群计算, 大数据基准测试和性能优化. ayzhou@sei.ecnu.edu.cn (ZHOU Ao-Ying Vice president of the East China Normal University. He is also a professor at the School of Data Science and Engineering. He received his Ph. D. degree from Fudan University in His research interest covers Web data management, dataintensive computing, in-memory cluster computing, benchmark testing and performance optimization of big data.) 段永朝财讯传媒集团首席战略官年获北京化工大学工学硕士学位. 主要研究方向为互联网科学与战略. duanyongchao@seec.com.cn (DUAN Yong-Chao Chief strategy officer at SEEC Media Group Limited. He received his Master degree from Beijing University of Chemical Technology in His research interest covers internet science and strategy.) 王飞跃中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室研究员, 国防科技大学军事计算实验与平行系统技术中心教授, 中国科学院大学中国经济与社会安全研究中心主任年获美国伦塞利尔理工学院计算机与系统工程博士学位. 主要研究方向为智能系统和复杂系统的建模, 分析与控制. feiyue.wang@ia.ac.cn (WANG Fei-Yue Professor at The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also a professor at the Research Center of Military Computational Experiments and Parallel System, National University of Defense Technology; and also the director of the Center of China Economic and Social Security, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his Ph. D. degree of computer and system engineering from Renselier Institute of Technology in His research interest covers modeling, analysis, and control of intelligent systems and complex systems.)

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,,.,, : 1),,,,, 2),,,,, 3),,,,,,,,,, [6].,,, ( ),, [9], : 1), 2),,,,, 3),,, 2.,, [10].,,,,,,,,, [11]. 2.1,, [12],, ;, ; Fig. 1 1 Granular hier 36 7 Vol. 36, No. 7 2010 7 ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA July, 2010 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2,,,,,,, DOI,,, 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2010.00923 Distributed Simulation System Hierarchical Design Model Based on Quotient Space