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1 考研英语二语法与长难句王丽复杂句的构成简单句并列句复杂句 = 简单句 + 简单句 + 简单句主从句并列主从句 1

2 什么是主从句? 定义 : 由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子, 从句在主句中充当句子成分 I met your teacher yesterday. I met your teacher when I was on my way to school. 主从句的本质 : 从句是主句的组成部分, 从句相当于主句中的一个词连接手段特点 : 1) 2) 3) 主从句的种类状语从句定语从句名词性从句 2

3 状语从句学习目标状语从句的种类有哪些? 不同种类状语从句的引导词有哪些? 检验 : 造句状语从句状语 : 修饰包括动词形容词副词和整个句子的词或者词组状语从句 : 在句子中充当状语的从句状语从句的分类 : 时间状语从句 ; 地点状语从句 ; 原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句 ; 条件状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句特点 : 状语从句引导词决定状语从句的类型 3

4 时间状语从句常用引导词 :when 词义 : 当的时候从句位置 : 灵活 When he left his country, he was penniless. 特殊句型 : 用法 : 用来引出一个人的意见或观点, 表示关于, 说到的意思 When it comes to success, people s opinions vary. 时间状语从句常用引导词 :while 词义 : 当的时候从句位置 : 灵活 While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 趁热打铁. 注意 : 强调对比和差异 I am studying English while the others are shopping online. 4

5 时间状语从句常用引导词 :as 词义 : 一边一边从句位置 : 灵活 The students took notes as they listened. As the students listened, they took notes. 注意 :as 引导的从句强调主句动作发生的背景或条件, 一般翻译成随着练习 : 随着中国经济的发展, 人们的生活条件更好了时间状语从句常用引导词 :until/till 1) until: 直到的时候, 一直到为止 2) not until: 直到才注意 : 主句是肯定句时, 应用延续性动词 ; 主句是否定句时, 应用瞬间动词 1) 延续性动词 : 所表示的动作可以延续一段时间 (e.g. work, stay, study, wait) 2) 瞬间动词 ( 终止性动词非延续性动词 ): 往往表示短暂一次性的动作 (e.g. come, go,leave, finish) 5

6 时间状语从句她一直睡到她妈妈进屋才起床 She slept until her mother came in. She didn t get up until her mother came in. 练习 : 工人们一直等到天黑时间状语从句特殊引导词 :as soon as, immediately, instantly,the instant, the moment 词义 : 一就从句位置 : 灵活 We will send the goods to you as soon as we receive the payment. The machine will start instantly/immediately the button is pressed. We haven t seen each other for 20 years, but I recognized him the instant/the moment I saw him. 6

7 时间状语从句特殊引导词 :the day, the year, every time, by the time 词义 : 词组本身的词义不变从句位置 : 灵活 He left Europe the year/day World War II broke out. Every time he listens to her advice, he gets into trouble. By the time he was thirty, he had travelled more than 50 countries. 地点状语从句常见引导词 :where 词义 : 在的地方从句位置 : 灵活 A driver should slow down where there are schools. 有志者, 事竟成写作技巧 : 俗话说 : 有志者, 事竟成 As a saying goes,. 7

8 有关 Why 的描述原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句原因状语从句常见引导词 :because, as, since 词义 : 因为从句位置 : 灵活 1)because 的语气最强, 能回答 why 提出的问题, 可以被 simply, just 等词修饰 He did not show up simply because he was ill. 2) since 和 as 后一般跟明显的双方都知道的事实 Since/As we don t have class tomorrow, why not go out for a picnic? 8

9 原因状语从句特殊引导词 :seeing that, now that,given that,considering that 词义 : 既然, 鉴于从句位置 : 灵活 Seeing that he has been ill, he is unlikely to come. Now that you are eighteen, you can get a driver s license. You should speak cautiously, given that/considering that the boss is bad-tempered. 原因状语从句特殊引导词 :in that 词义 : 因为, 原因在于从句位置 : 一般放在主句后, 即 in that 不能放句首 I m in a dilemma in that I have to choose from two great jobs. 9

10 原因状语从句 - 写作 1. because 和 so 不能同时引导两个句子因为下雨, 所以我们得待在家里 Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 改正 : 改正 : Because I liked English, I studied very hard every day, so I passed the test with good grades. 原因状语从句 - 写作 2. because 引导的从句不能用句号直接结束 Because he was careless. He missed the lecture. Because he was careless, he missed the lecture. He was careless. So he missed the lecture. 注意 : 此条规则适用于所有主从句 When I was young. I listened to the radio. Where there is a will. There is a way. 10

11 原因状语从句 - 写作 3. 此因为非彼因为短语介词 :because of, due to, owing to 因为粗心, 他错过了这次讲座 Because his carelessness, he missed the lecture. Because of/due to/owing to he was careless, he missed the lecture. 改正 : 目的状语从句常用连接词 :so that, in order that 词义 : 为了从句位置 : 一般位于主句之后特点 : 从句中常有情态动词, 如 may/might, shall/should, will/would, can/could 等 I spoke slowly and clearly so that/in order that the audience could understand me. 11

12 目的状语从句注意 :in order that 和 in order to 的区别 1)in order to 后面只能跟动词短语练习 : 为了能有一个美好的未来, 我决定参加考试 I am determined to sit for the test in order that I will have a promising future. I am determined to sit for the test in order to have a promising future. 2) 主句和从句的主语不一致时, 不能用 in order to I am determined to sit for the test in order that my family will be proud of me. 目的状语从句特殊连接词 :in case, for fear that, lest 词义 : 以免, 唯恐从句位置 : 一般放在主句之后 Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. We talked about this matter frankly, for fear that/lest there be any misunderstanding. 12

13 结果状语从句常用引导词 :so that,such that 词义 : 如此以至于从句位置 : 一般放在主句之后 Peter is so nice that we all like him. I studied English so hard that I passed the test with good grades. This is such an interesting book that I enjoy reading it again and again. 结果状语从句 - 写作写作策略 : 用结果状语从句 so that 取代 very+adj. 或 very+adv. 结构 1) He is very charismatic. 改写 : 2)She was working very absorbedly. 改写 : 13

14 有关 How 的描述条件状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句条件状语从句常见引导词 :if 词义 : 如果从句位置 : 灵活注意 : 1)if 引导真实条件句表示将来可能发生的事情,if 从句用现在时表示将来的概念 If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the plan. 2)If 引导条件句中表示的非真实的假设或不可能发生的事情, 需要用虚拟语气 14

15 条件状语从句 1) 虚拟语气标志 : 谓语部分的时态 2) 真实 :If I know his telephone number, I will tell you. 虚拟 :If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 3) 真实 :If he comes here tomorrow, I will talk to him. 虚拟 :If he should come here tomorrow,i would talk to him. 真实 :If he took my advice, he would pass the test. 虚拟 :If he had taken my advice,he would have passed the test. 条件状语从句常见引导词 :unless=if not 词义 : 除非用法 : 主句中常存在否定形式 I won t lend you the book unless you promise to return it next week. = I won t lend you the book if you don t promise to return it next week. 15

16 条件状语从句特殊引导词 :suppose/supposing(that),as/so long as,provided/providing (that),on condition that 词义 : 如果 1)suppose/supposing(that): 如果, 假如 ( 一般放在句首 ) Suppose that you have one billion dollars, how would you spend it? 2)as/so long as: 如果, 只要 As/So long as you don t give up,there are chances to succeed. 3)provided/providing(that),on condition that: 如果, 条件是 He will sign the contract provided that we offer more favorable terms. 让步状语从句常用引导词 :although,though 词义 : 尽管, 即使从句位置 : 灵活 1)although 比 though 更加正式, 多用于书面语 Although/though he was angry, he managed to speak calmly. 2)though 可以用作副词 (=however), 置于句尾, 而 although 则不行 We always have different ideas. We appreciate each other, though. 16

17 让步状语从句引导词 :while 词义 : 尽管 While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. 注意 :while 引导让步状语从句的时候常常强调对比或差异, 翻译为然而 Schools in the north are better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poorly equipped. 让步状语从句常用引导词 :as 词义 : 尽管注意 :as 引导的让步状语从句, 一般需要倒装 Young as he is, he has made great achievements. S1: He is young. S2: He has made great achievements. 合并 :Although he is young, he has made great achievements. 步骤 1: 步骤 2: 转换 : 17

18 让步状语从句阅读理解策略 : 把 as 换成 although, 把 as 前面的内容全部移到从句的后半部分 Long as the sentence is, its structure is very simple. Teenager as he is, he has designed several computer games. Much as I respect him, I don t like him. 让步状语从句 - 写作 1. although 和 but 不能同时引导两个句子尽管他没有经验, 但是他表现的很不错两句话中的逗号能不能变成句号? Although he was inexperienced, but he did a good job. 改正 : 1) 2) 18

19 让步状语从句 - 写作 2. 此尽管非彼尽管短语介词 :despite, in spite of 尽管他身体残疾, 但他仍然成为了一名成功的政治家 Although his physical handicap, he has become a successful statesman. Despite/In spite of he is physically handicapped,he has become a successful statesman. 改正 : 1) 2) 方式状语从句常用引导词 :as 词义 : 以的方式, 像从句位置 : 通常位于主句后 She stayed in bed as the doctor had told her. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 注意 : 强调依照遵循的含义 19

20 方式状语从句常用引导词 :as if,as though 词义 : 仿佛似的, 好像似的从句位置 : 放在主句之后注意 : 所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大时, 从句用陈述语气 ; 表示所说情况与事实相反时, 从句用虚拟语气他看上去好像并不在乎她 He looks as if/as though he doesn t care about her. He looks as if/as though he didn t care about her. 方式状语从句特殊引导词 :(just) as so 词义 : 正如, 就像从句位置 : 至于句首, 带有比喻的含义, 多用于正式文体 Just as/as water is to fish, so air is to man. 人们离不开空气, 犹如鱼儿离不开水练习 : 语言对沟通很重要 20

21 比较状语从句常用引导词 :as as( 同级比较 ) 词义 : 和一样从句位置 : 放在主句之后, 从句中常常省略主句和从句中相同的部分 He is as mean as his father (is). 注意 : 否定句中可以用 so 来代替第一个 as The task is not as/so difficult as you assume. 比较状语从句常用引导词 :than( 不同程度的比较 ) 词义 : 比从句位置 : 放在主句之后, 从句中常常省略主句和从句中相同的部分 He is more ambitious than I (am). He is less reliable than I. 注意 : 只有两个同类事物才能被比较 The weather of the South is wetter than the North. 改正 : 21

22 比较状语从句常用引导词 :The more the more 词义 : 越, 越注意 : 被比较的成分都放在主句和从句的句首 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 练习 : 你用词越准确, 人们就越容易理解你的意思 The more exact you use your words, the easier people will understand you. The more exactly you use your words, the more easily people will understand you. 状语从句类型时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句从句引导词常见引导词 :when, while, as, until, till, 特殊引导词 :as soon as, immediately, instantly,the instant, the moment, the day, the year, every time, by the time 常见引导词 :where 常见引导词 :because, as, since 特殊引导词 :seeing that, now that,considering that, given that, in that 常见引导词 :so that, in order that 特殊引导词 :for fear that, in case, lest 常见引导词 :so that,such that 常见引导词 :if,unless 特殊引导词 :suppose/supposing(that),as/so long as,provided/providing(that),on condition that 常见引导词 :although,though,while, as 常见引导词 :as, (just) as so 常见引导词 :as, than, the more the more 22

23 总结请大家每天造 9 个状语从句 I am free, I study English. I study English there is nobody else around me. I study English I want to pass the test with good grades. I study English I can pass the test with good grades. I study English hard I will pass the test with good grades. I have free time, I will study English. I am exhausted, I keep on studying English. I study English my teacher tells me. I study English harder my classmates. Thank You! 23

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit English for Study in Australia 留学澳洲英语讲座 Lesson 3: Make yourself at home 第三课 : 宾至如归 L1 Male: 各位朋友好, 欢迎您收听留学澳洲英语讲座节目, 我是澳大利亚澳洲广播电台的节目主持人陈昊 L1 Female: 各位