新概念英语集训资料第二次课语法点 3 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时 : 表示过去发生的事情常与 yesterday,last summer, last week, last night 等表示过去的时间状语连用 Mother went to the market yesterday. Last

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1 新概念英语集训资料第一次课语法点 1 简单陈述句的语序 ( 时间状语可以放在前面, 也可放后面 ) 时间状语主语谓语宾语 / 表语副词地点状语时间状语 1. Last week I went to the theatre. 2. I had a very good seat. 3. The play was very interesting. 4. I did not enjoy it. 5. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. 6. They were talking loudly. 注意 : 简单陈述句一定少不了主语, 谓语五大简单句 : 1 主谓 2 主谓宾 3 主系表 4 主谓宾宾 5 主谓宾补语法点 2 现在进行时 & 一般现在时 Now, often and always 表示现在和经常发生的动作 Now It s raining. I m coming to see you. I m still having breakfast. What are you doing? Often and Always I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Do you always get up so late? 1. 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或正在发生的事件, 往往与 now, just, still 等副词连用 : John is still sleeping. 约翰还在睡觉 Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮 Mrs. Smith is cooking now. 史密斯太太现在正在做饭现在进行时也用来表示当前 ( 一段时间 ) 的动向 : Jack is working hard these days. 杰克最近工作很努力 (He does not usually work hard. 他通常是不努力工作的 ) 2. 一般现在时可以表示习惯性动作, 往往与频度副词连用, 如 often, always, sometimes, never 等 : Do you often come here? 你常来这儿吗? I always go to the library on Friday. 星期五我经常去图书馆 Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him. 海伦从来不给她弟弟托尼写信她有时给他打电话 1

2 新概念英语集训资料第二次课语法点 3 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时 : 表示过去发生的事情常与 yesterday,last summer, last week, last night 等表示过去的时间状语连用 Mother went to the market yesterday. Last summer, I went to Italy. What did you do last week? Did you have a good time last Sunday? 动词的过去式规则动词 : 过去式加 ed pass passed visit visited play played 不规则动词 : 需要死记 am/is was are were do did 常见不规则动词 am/is was are were do did go went have had say said /sed/ make made read read /red/ buy bought teach taught think thought drive drove get got give gave spend spent sit sat 语法点 4 主谓双宾直接宾语 (Direct object) 与间接宾语 ( Indirect object) He lent me a book. 间宾直宾 Instead of saying : He lent me a book. He sent me a card. He passed me the salt. She bought me a tie. She made me a cake. 常见双宾语动词 V+ sb.+ sth./v+ sth.+ to +sb. bring, lend, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell V+ sth.+ for +sb. buy, cook, draw, find, fix, get, make, prepare V+ sb. +of+ sth. remind, inform, warn, convince, demand, accuse 主谓宾补 We can say: He lent a book to me. He sent a card to me. He passed the salt to me. She bought a tie for me. She made a cake for me. find 作发现发觉讲时宾语往往带补足语 ( 一般为形容词 ), 说明宾语的状况性质等 : find+ sth. +adj. I find the film very interesting. 我觉得这电影很有趣 My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前从未出过国, 因此, 他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心 be finding 在口语中经常使用 2

3 I'm finding... 语法点 5 现在完成时 We re finding... 第三次课新概念英语集训资料结构 :have/has + 动词的过去分词 I have finished my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了现在完成时的三种用法用法一 : 做完某事搭配副词 :already, yet, just 已经做完 :have already done 还没做完 :haven t done yet 刚做完 :have just done 我刚吃完早饭 I have just eaten breakfast. 我还没洗完衣服 I haven t washed my clothes yet. 他已经到家了 He has already arrived home. 用法二 : 曾经做过某事搭配副词 :never/ever 从未做过 :have never done 你做过吗 :Have you ever done Have you just washed your clothes? 你刚洗完衣服了吗? Have you ever washed your clothes? 你这辈子洗过衣服吗? 用法三 : 持续到现在结构 :have done for + 一段时长 have done since + 过去时间点我 2005 年搬到北京, 一直住到现在 I have lived in Beijing for eleven years. I have lived in Beijing since 现在完成时总结做完了 : 标志词 already, just, yet 曾经做过 : 标志词 ever, never 持续到现在 : 标志词 for, since, always 一般过去时 & 现在完成时现在完成时 : 我做完了一般过去时 : 我昨天做的两者可以表示同一件事, 强调的重点不同 I have washed my car. It s clean now. I washed my car yesterday. 语法点 6 过去进行时过去进行时常用来表示过去某时正在进行的情况或动作结构 :was/were + doing 过去进行时的两种用法用法一 : 过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词 when, while, as, just as 等引导 : 3

4 我正在吃早饭时, 电话铃响了 I was having breakfast when the telephone rang. 当我们正在聚会时, 灯熄灭了 While we were having a party, the lights went out. 新概念英语集训资料当我上公共汽车时, 我滑了一下, 撞伤了我的脚 As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot. 就在我要进澡盆洗澡时有人敲门 Someone knocked at the door just as I was getting into the bath. 用法二 : 过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用, 如 all morning, all night, all day, all evening, the whole week 等, 表示这段时间一直在干什么 : The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. 机误点了, 侦探们在机场等了整整一上午 They were preparing for the party the whole week. 整整一周他们都在为晚会作准备第四次课语法点 7 双重所有格名词 +of+ 名词所有格 / 名词性的物主代词 a photo of me 只有一张照片, 并且照片上的人是我 a photo of mine=one of my photos 我的很多照片中的一张 He is a friend of my father. 强调他俩是朋友关系 A friend of my father s= one of my father s friends 我父亲的一位朋友 ( 强调很多个当中的一个 ) 语法点 8 被动语态语态是动词的一种形式, 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系英语的语态共有两种 : 主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者结构 :be + done 主语谓语主动语态 He( 动作的执行者 ) cleaned the room( 动作的承受者 ) 被动语态 The room was cleaned (by him) 被动语态的两种情况情况一 : 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 1 This book was published in 这本书出版于 1981 年 ( 被动 ) 2 My computer was stolen last night. 我的电脑在昨晚被盗了 ( 被动 ) Someone stole my computer last night. ( 不知道电脑是谁偷的 ) ( 主动 ) 情况二 : 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者 1 The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. ( 被动 ) 这件乐器是我祖父很多年以前买的 2 Our clavichord is kept in the living room. 我们的古钢琴存放在起居室里 ( 被动 ) 语法点 9 一般将来时第五次课 4

5 新概念英语集训资料一般将来时由 will / shall + 动词原形构成, 可用来预言将来发生的事常用时间副词 tomorrow, soon 或短语 next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语 What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么? We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会 will 在书面语和流利的口语中, 在元音之后可以缩略为 - ll, 如 I ll, we ll, you ll 等 : We ll be back at 5 o clock. 我们 5 点钟回来将来进行时 & 一般将来时基本用法 : 将来进行时 (will/shall be+ 现在分词 ) 通常用于表示最近或很久的将来正在进行的动作一般将来时 (will/shall be+ 动词原形 ) 表示将来某时将要发生的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢? What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么? 语法点 10 将来进行时的三种用法用法一 : 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 Don t phone me between 5 and 6. We ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话, 那时我们在吃饭用法二 : 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作 I will be seeing you next week. 我下个星期来看你 We shall be going to London next week. 下周我们要去伦敦用法三 : 表示委婉语气 When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会处理完这些信件? ( 直接询问, 如上司对下属 ) When will you be seeing Mr. White? 你什么时候会见到怀特先生呢? ( 委婉地询问, 如下属对上司 ) Mary won t pay this bill. 玛丽不付账 ( 意愿 ) Mary won t be paying this bill. 玛丽不会付账 ( 将来 ) 第六次课语法点 11 过去完成时 had done 过去的过去或两个动作都在过去, 一个动作在前, 一个在后, 发生在前的动作为过去完成时过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态在铺垫, 这个动作一定要发生在 had done 之后 I had not understood the problem until he explained it. 直到他解释完我才理解了这个问题 After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. 在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后, 我继续驶往下一个城镇语法点 12 if 条件句第七次课 if 引导的条件从句指能够发生可能发生或可能发生过的事件假如认为将来的事件很可能会发生 :if 从句 : 一般现在时 ; 主句 :will/shall+ 动词形式 If he is out, I ll call tomorrow. If it rains tomorrow, we ll stay at home. If you see him, will you tell him about it? 条件句中的主句还可以用祈使语气等表示请求建议等 ; 也可以用其他情态助动词来代替 will; 5

6 If you make a mistake, correct it. Please don t disturb him if he is busy. If you receive a request like this, you can not fail to obey it. 新概念英语集训资料语法点 13 Must & have to Must+ 原形 1 =have to 不得不, 必须 I must leave now.=i have to leave now. 2 ( 对现在的 ) 推测 She must be over forty. He must be mad. 3 在过去时的句子中, 要用 have to 来表示 " 必须 "(have to 可以有任意时态 ) She had to go shopping yesterday. 语法点 14 情态助动词 can/could 与 may/might can( 过去式为 could) 原义为能, 表示有能力能够等 : Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗? Jim couldn t run very fast when he was a boy. 吉姆小时候不能跑很快 1 请求别人允许或答复时一般用 can, could, may 和 might(may 的过去式 ) 一般性的请求时 can, could, may 往往可以互换肯定 : Of course you can/may. 你当然可以 ( 不可用 could 或 might) 否定 : No, you can't/may not. 不, 你不可以 ( 不用 could not 或 might not) 2 may 和 might 还可以表示推测对现在的推测 : 如果说话人对所说事实确信无疑, 就可以用 be 或其他完全动词 : Jane is at home now. 简现在在家 ( 确切的事实 ) 但如果不敢确定, 则可以说 : Jane may/might be at home. 简可能 / 或许在家 (might 比 may 更不确定 ) 对过去的推测 : He may/might/could have left by nine. 他可能在九点前就离开了 She can t/couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. 她不可能上床睡觉了, 因为她房间的灯还亮着 It must have rained, for the floor is still wet. 一定下过雨了, 因为地还没干呢语法点 15 动词 have 的两种用法一是作为助动词构成各种完成时 ( 包括过去现在将来 ) 和完成进行时 : I haven t seen him this morning. 我今天上午没见过他 When I rang, Tim had already left. 我打电话的时候, 蒂姆已经走了 I have had this car for three years. 这辆汽车我已用了 3 年了二是 have 还可以作完全动词当它作具有拥有讲时, 通常可以和 have got 互换 You can have these apples if you want them. I've got a lot more. 如果你想要这些苹果你可以把它们拿走我还有许多 He has(got) a Ford. 他有一辆福特牌汽车在其他时态中, 一般用 have 而不用 have got: 6

7 新概念英语集训资料 He had a Ford last year. 去年他有过一辆福特牌汽车注意 :have 作完全动词时, 还可以表示 eat,drink,enjoy,take 等意思, 这时它是行为动词, 可以用于包括进行时的各种时态 : Have a cigarette, Sam. 萨姆, 请抽烟 We will have dinner at seven o'clock. 我们将于 7 点开饭 I'm having a drink. 我正在喝东西语法点 16 动名词 1. 动名词作主语第八次课 Eating is always a pleasure. 吃总是一件愉快的事情 2. 动名词作宾语 She is afraid of staying in that house alone. 她害怕单独住在那间屋子里 3. 可以带动名词的介词通常有 before,after,instead of,without 等用介词 + 动名词结构可以将两个短句合为一句话 He sat there. He did not say anything. 他坐在那儿, 他什么话也不说 He sat there without saying anything. 他默默的坐在那里 He looked at his watch. He hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表, 他匆忙赶往火车站 After looking at his watch, he hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表之后就匆忙赶往火车站 4. 动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加 not: I must apologize. I did not let you know earlier. 我得表示道歉我没有早一点让你知道 I must apologize for not letting you know earlier. 由于没有让你早一点知道, 我得表示道歉 5. 动名词也可以用表示完成时的 having + 过去分词结构 : You can t leave the restaurant without having paid the bill. 在没有结账之前你不能离开饭店语法点 17 动名词 & 现在分词 1. 动名词作定语时, 说明被修饰的名词的用途 ( 可以用 "use for + 动名词 " 这个结构代替 ), 它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系 ; 现在分词作定语时, 表示它所修饰的名词的行为, 和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系 ( 可以扩展为定语从句 ) a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧铺车车厢 ( 动名词 ) a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子 ( 现在分词 ) 2. 作表语时, 动名词具有名词的性质 : 现在分词相当于形容词 : This is water (n.). My favorite sport is fishing. It is clean (adj.). The movie is very exciting. 现在分词作定语 1. 现在分词作前置定语时, 在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系, 也可改成定语从句如 : a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子 2. 现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语, 与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系, 相当于一个定语从句 The girl standing under the tree is really charming. The girl (who is standing under the tree) is really charming. 7

8 新概念英语集训资料 3. 现在分词作定语往往表示令人的 (adj), 表示主动的或正在进行的动作如 :a moving film 一部令人感动的电影 ( 主动 ) a developing country 一个发展中的国家 ( 进行 ) 语法点 18 并列连词常用的并列连词有 :and, and then, but, so, yet, or, both and, either or, neither nor, not only but also/but as well 等这些并列连词可以用来表示并列 (and), 对比 (but,yet), 选择 (or),, 结果 (so) 等 He teaches English. He teaches French. 他教英语他教法语 He teaches both English and French. 他既教英语又教法语 You must tell him. I must tell him. 你必须告诉他, 我必须告诉他 Either you or I must tell him. 或是你或是我必须告诉他 He does not speak English. I do not speak English. 他不讲英语我不讲英语 Neither he nor I speak English. 他和我都不讲英语 You must wash the dishes. You must sweep the floor. 你必须洗碗你必须擦地 You must not only wash the dishes but sweep the floor as well. 你不仅需要洗碗而且还有擦地语法点 19 定语从句句子作定语第九次课复合句中, 修饰, 限定某一名词或代词的从句, 叫做定语从句关系词 : 重复指代先行词起连接主句和从句的作用在定语从句中充当一定成分先行词是主句和从句共同有的一个词 The girl (who is standing under the tree) is my sister. The girl is my sister. The girl is standing under the tree. ( 主语 ) I ll never forget the day (when I first met her). I ll never forget the day. I first met her on the day. ( 状语 ) 常见关系代词关系代词在句子中的作用指代作用 who 主语宾语 ( 口语中居多 ) 或表语指人 ( 可与 that 互换 ) whom 宾语 ( 动宾或是介宾 ) 指人 whose 定语指人或是指物 which 主语或是宾语指物 ( 有时可与 that 互换 ) that 主语宾语表语指人或是指物一关系代词的用法 who: 指人, 在定语从句中作主语 He is the person who is going to give a concert on the square. 他就是那个要在广场上举行音乐会的人 whom: 指人, 在定语从句中作宾语 My uncle has come back from abroad, whom I haven t met for a long time. 我叔叔从国外回来了, 我好久没见到他了. 8

9 新概念英语集训资料 whose: 指人, 在定语从句中作定语 I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner. 我认识一位女士, 她的丈夫是诺贝尔奖的获得者 which: 指物, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 The story which we heard over the radio was very interesting. 我们从收音机里听到的那个故事很有趣 that: 指物, 也可指人, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 A dictionary is a book that gives the meanings of words. 字典是给予文字解释的书在 whom, which, that 引导的定语从句中, 如果关系代词 whom,which, that 充当从句中的宾语, 关系代词可以省略 The man (whom) you met yesterday is an actor. The book (which) you lent me is not very interesting. The flowers (that) I love best are roses. 二关系副词的用法关系副词 when, where, why 可以用适当的介词 +which 来替代如 :when=in/on/at +which, where=in/on/at +which, why=for + which. 关系副词 = 介词 +which 1. I won t forget the day when I was born. =on which born on the day 出生的那天 2. This is the room where I lived. =in which live in the room 居住的房间 3. I don t know the reason why he haven t come today. =for which for the reason 由于, 因为语法点 20 过去分词作定语单个过去分词 (done) 位置 : 名词前作用 : 修饰名词关系 : 被动或完成 Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) a broken heart 破碎的心 boiled eggs 煮熟的鸡蛋 a deserted house 被废弃的房子过去分词短语位置 : 名词后作用 : 修饰名词关系 : 被动或完成 1.This is a cell phone. It was made in China. This is a cell phone made in China. 2. This is a picture painted by Da Vinci. 3. People like the Great wall built 2000 years ago. 语法点 21 一般将来时 & 将来完成时第十次课 9

10 When will they finish this bridge? 他们将于何时建成这座桥?( 一般将来时 ) They will finish it next year. 他们将于明年建成它 ( 将来完成时 ) When will they have finished this bridge? 到什么时候他们将完成这座桥?( 一般将来时 ) 新概念英语集训资料 They will have finished this bridge in a year s time. 一年之后, 他们就建成这座桥了 ( 将来完成时 ) 1. 将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作, 通常与 before 或 by 连用 2. 将来完成时由 shall /will +have +v-ed 构成 ; 否定形式 shall /will +not +have +v-ed 构成 By the time class is over, we shall have finished lesson 40. 下课前我们要完成第 40 课 He will not have finished the work before 点之前他不可能完成这项工作语法点 22 虚拟语气 1 If I have time, I will go.(if 条件句 ) 如果我有时间我就去 If I were you, I would go. ( 虚拟语气 ) 如果我是你, 我就会去对现在的虚拟 be 动词 (am, is, are) were 一般现在时一般过去时 will would 2 It rained heavily yesterday. 昨天雨下得很大 We couldn t play tennis. 我们都不能打网球了如果昨天没有下大雨, 我们就能打网球了 If it had not rained so heavily yesterday, we could have played tennis. 对过去的虚拟 : rained had rained 一般过去时过去完成时 could play could have played 3Don t miss the concert or you will feel sorry for it. 不要错过了明天的演唱会, 要不你会感到遗憾的 If you should miss the concert, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了明天的演唱会, 你会感到遗憾的对将来的虚拟 : miss should miss 一般将来时过去将来时 will feel would feel if 从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式对过去的虚拟 had done would/could/might/should have done 对现在的虚拟 were/did would/could/might/should do 对将来的虚拟 did/were to do/should do would/could/might/should do 第十一次课语法点 23 动名词和不定式 1. 在 start,begin, continue 等后面, 既可以用不定式又可以用动名词, 区别不大 : Instead of saying: We can say: The man started to run through the trees. The man started running through the trees. They began to run. They began running. They continued to run. They continued running. 2. 在 love,like,hate 等动词后面, 用不定式和动名词意义有所区别 Now 10

11 I hate to disturb you, but can I come in for a moment please? 我不愿意打扰你, 但我可以进来一会儿吗? I d love (or like) to sit in the garden. 我喜欢坐在花园里 Always I hate disturbing people when they are busy. 人们忙的时候, 我不愿意打扰新概念英语集训资料 I love (or like) sitting in the garden when it s fine. 天气好的时候, 我喜欢在花园里坐坐 3. 在 need,want 之后, 动名词形式具有被动的含义, 相当于被动的不定式 : My shirt is torn. It needs mending. 我的衬衫撕破了, 需要缝补 (=need to be mended) Those windows are dirty. They want washing. 那些窗户很脏, 需要洗刷 (=need to be washed) 语法点 24 强调句型基本句型 :It is/was + 被强调成分 + that + 句子剩余成分.( 强调人时, 可用 that 或者 who 引导从句 ) 如 : 我爱你 I love you. 爱的就是你 It is you that/who I love. ( 强调宾语 ) 如 : 你在我眼中是最美 You are a charming girl in my eyes. 主系表语状语 It is you that are a charming girl in my eyes. ( 强调主语 ) It is a charming girl that you are in my eyes. ( 强调表语 ) It is in my eyes that you are a charming girl. ( 强调状语 ) 强调句型去掉 It is/was that 结构, 剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子 (It is) you (that) are a charming girl in my eyes. 你在我眼中是最美 11

Unit 3 Unit 2 43

Unit 3 Unit 2 43 and or but so for after before when since because although though even though and My name is Avery, and her name is Phoenix. Avery Phoenix My name is Avery. And her name is Phoenix. 44

新概念英语集训资料 第二次课 语法点 3 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时 : 表示过去发生的事情 常与 yesterday,last summer, last week, last night 等表示过去的时间状语连用 Mother went to the market yesterday. Last

新概念英语集训资料第二次课语法点 3 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时 : 表示过去发生的事情常与 yesterday,last summer, last week, last night 等表示过去的时间状语连用 Mother went to the market yesterday. Last