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1 47 2 Vol.47, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Mar., 2016 * 1, ( ; ; ; ) 拉萨河是西藏重要的河流之一, 流经多个县市, 拉萨河的生态性调查和环境保护对西藏的社会和经济发展重要意义本调查在拉萨河上游 11 个乡镇分别进行断面取点调查, 对各乡镇境内拉萨河段进行浮游生物与鱼类取样统计分析本次调查中, 共检出浮游植物 76 个种类, 其中硅藻门 48 种, 占总种类数的 63.2%; 绿藻门 12 种, 占总种类数的 15.8%; 蓝藻门 6 种, 占总种类数的 7.9%; 金藻门 4 种, 占总种类数的 5.3%; 隐藻门 3 种, 占总种类数的 3.9%; 黄藻门和裸藻门各 1 种, 分别占总种类数的 1.3%; 共检出浮游动物 4 大类 50 种, 其中原生动物 24 种, 占总种数的 48 %; 轮虫 12 种, 占总种数的 24%; 枝角类 10 种, 占总种数的 20%; 桡足类 4 种, 占总种数的 8%; 共发现 1 目 2 科 5 属的鱼类 5 种, 均为鲤形目, 本地鱼类有 3 种, 占总数的 60%, 外来种有 2 种, 占到总数的 40%, 其中拉萨裸裂尻鱼 (Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan) 和双须叶须鱼 [Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan)] 为雅鲁藏布江特有鱼类本次调查采集到的外来鱼种有棒花鱼和鳅鱼两种经本次调查, 西藏拉萨河源头流域, 生物多样性略贫乏, 尤其是鱼类种类较少而鱼类保护工作面临的两大挑战就是外来鱼种入侵以及过度捕捞而造成的鱼类资源减少拉萨河 ; 水生生物调查 ; 物种多样性 ; 特有及保护鱼类 Q178 doi: /hyhz , 15km, 5200m, 551km,,, (, 2006;, 2011),,,,,, 1 1.1, 11, *, HX ;, ZR2013CM026,,, lvy82@vip.qq.com :,,, nemoshpmh@126.com : , :

2 : m, 20 30cm, 4min, 4% : 0.5m 1000mL, 15mL,,, 36 48h,, 30mL,, 0.1mL, 0.1mL ( 20 20mm 2 ),, , 10%,, Cs V N Pn F F U s n : C s (mm 2 ); F s (mm 2 ); F n ; V 1L (ml); U (ml); P n : 1000mL,, 10L, 25, 1L, 15mL :, m 2 3min, 15mL ; 5% : 48 72h,, 30mL 0.1mL, 2 5mL, 1mL ; 10 10, 2, 2, 1 2, 1 = 1 升水浓缩成的标本水量计算的标本数量,, () 1.2.3, : ; ; ; ; 2 2.1, ;,,, 11, 76, 48, 63.2%; 12, 15.8%; 6, 7.9%; 4, 5.3%; 3, 3.9%; 1, 1.3%,,,,, ind./l

3 2 : mg/L 表 1 拉萨河源头各调查断面浮游植物密度 ( 10 4 ind./l) Tab.1 The density ( 10 4 ind./l) of phytoplankton in Lhasa headwater in each survey section 表 2 拉萨河源头各调查断面浮游植物生物量 (mg/l) Tab.2 The phytoplankton biomass (mg/l) in Lhasa headwater in each survey section ,,,,, ;, 11, 4 50, 24, 48 %; 12, 24%; 10, 20%; 4, 8% 3: ind./l, mg/l , 3, 60%; 2, 40% 3, 60%, 2, 40% 2.3.2,, 2.3.3, 5,, 80%;

4 表 3 拉萨河源头各调查断面浮游动物密度及生物量分布 Tab.3 The zooplankton density and biomass distribution in Lhasa headwater in each survey section (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E (ind./l) (mg/l) m N E Tab.4 表 4 本次调查中拉萨河源头鱼类种类及分布 Species and Distribution of fish in the headwaters of Lhasa in this survey Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cobitidae +: : : Schizothoracinae 鮈 Gobioninae Nemacheilinae Cobitinae Schizopygopsis Ptychobarbus Abbottina Jordan et Fowler Triplophysa Misgurnus S. younghusbandi Regan P. dipogon (Regan) Abbottina (Basilewsky) Triplophysa sp. Misgurnus sp , 4,, ;, , (1) (Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan) : : 366, 21.7( )cm, 18.5(3.7 36)cm, 154.5( )g, 3.7( )cm

5 2 : 411,,,,,, ;,,, ;, 4 5, 3,,, 2 3, ;,, 2, 3.4/4.3, ;,, 2, 2.5 :,,, : :, (, 2006)Ⅲ, 4 :,,, g (2) [Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan)] : : 27, 33.8( )cm, 27.5( )cm, 342.2( )g, 5.2( )cm,,,,,,,,,,, 1, :,, :, 4 6, (Li et al, 2009) : :,,, 2.3.5, 95.25%, 80.75% 14.50%,, 4.75%( 5) 2,, 表 5 拉萨河渔获物统计 Tab.5 The catch statistics of Lhasa River (cm) (g) % g % ,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (, 1997),

6 412 47,,, (Mooney, 1999), (Maezono et al, 2003; Yonekura et al, 2004), ( )(Parker et al, 1999),,,, (, 2010) 10,, (, 1995),, (Schizopygopsis younghusbandi) (Ptychobarbus dipogon) 4,,,, : 4.1,,,,,,, (, 2005), 4.2,,,,,,,, (Chen et al, 2009) 5cm, 4 7, (, 2010) 4 7,,,, :,,, , 52(6): , , (5): 53 55,, , 34(2): , :,,, , 29(5): Chen F, Chen Y F, He D K, Age and growth of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet, China. Environ Biol Fishes, 86: 155 Li X Q, Chen Y F Age structure, growth and mortality estimates of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan. 1905) (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in the Lhasa River, Tibet. Environ Biol Fishes, 86: 97 Maezono Y, Miyashita T, Community-level impacts induced by introduced largemouth bass and bluegill in farm ponds in Japan. Biol Conser, 109(1): l Mooney H A, The Global invasive species program (GISP). Biol Invasions, 1(1): Parker I M, Simberloff D, Lonsdale W M et al, Impact: toward a framework for understanding the ecological effects of invaders. Biol Invasions, 1(1): 3 19 Yonekura R, Kita M, Yuma M, Species diversity in native fish community in Japan: comparison between non-invaded and invaded ponds by exotic fish. Ichthyol Res, 51(2): 176 l79

7 2 : 413 INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS ON PLANKTON AND FISH RESOURCES IN THE SOURCE AREA OF LHASA RIVER, TIBET, CHINA LV Yong-Lei 1, 2, HAO Shi-Xin 3, WANG Chong 4, SUN Dong-Fang 3, WANG Xiao-Tong 3, LIU Hai-Ping 2, SHANG Peng 2 (1. Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Tibet, Lhasa , China; 2. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Linzhi , China; 3. School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai , China; 4. Jinan Environmental Monitoring Centre, Jinan , China) Abstract Lhasa River is one of the major rivers in the central-southern Tibet. We conducted a survey in 11 sites in the upstream region, in which plankton, aquatic plants, and fish were sampled and statistically analyzed. In total, 76 species of phytoplankton were identified, of which 48 were from Bacillariophyta, taking 63.2% of the total number of species; 12 from Chlorophyta, 15.8%; and 6 from Cyanophyta, 7.9%; 4 from Chrysophyta, 5.3; 3 from Cryptophyta 3.9%; and 1 each from Xanthophyta and Euglenophyta, 1.3% each. Four zooplankton categories including 50 species were found, of which 24 were protozoa for taking 48% of the total species; 12 were Rotifers, 24%; 10 Cladocera members, 20%; and 4 Copepods, 8%. Only five fish species were found, all Cypriniformes: 3 endemic, and 2 alien species. Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan and Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan) are the Brahmaputra endemic fish. The alien species were Abbottina and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Overall, the biodiversity in the Lhasa River headwater basin was slightly poor and primitive, as reflected especially by simple composition of fish species. To protect the natural environment, we must take effective countermeasures against two major challenges, i.e., alien species invasion and fish stock decrease due to overfishing Key words Lhasa River; aquatic biological surveys; species diversity; unique and protective fish

2 : 111 ( Pinctada maxima), 13, 11,,,,,, 15, 25 cm, cm, 4 5 kg 1-2],,, 3-7] 24] 25-26],,, ] min, 1, 5 m 4 m, 20 m , 9-22],,, (

2 : 111 ( Pinctada maxima), 13, 11,,,,,, 15, 25 cm, cm, 4 5 kg 1-2],,, 3-7] 24] 25-26],,, ] min, 1, 5 m 4 m, 20 m , 9-22],,, ( 12 2 2 0 1 6 4 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 12, No. 2 Apr., 2016 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-0780. 2016. 02. 016,,,, (,,, 510300) : ( Pinctada maxima),,,, 54. 55%, 0 0. 25 m - 2, 0 70. 31 gm - 2,