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1 土壤 (Soils), 2017, 49(4): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 不同施肥措施对河套灌区盐化潮土氨挥发及 1 氧化亚氮排放的影响 1 1* (1 / ) - ( ) 4 ( CK B C HA) (NH 3 ) (N 2 O) B N 2 O N 2 O CK 30.9% CK 31.5% N 2 O CK NH 3 3 ~ 5 d B C HA NH 3 NH 3 CK 56.0% 41.2% 49.0% CK 56.0% 41.2% 52.1% N 2 O ~ g/kg N 2 O B NH 3 N 2 O CK 11.1% NH 3 N 2 O S152.6;X511 A 30% [1], [2-3] NH 3 NO X [4-5] NH 3 [6-8] NH 3 [9-10] N 2 O 65%, 7% [11-12] N 2 O 150 a [9-10] CO CH 4 23 [13] N 2 O [14] NH 3 N 2 O NH 3 N 2 O [15] 3 NH 3 N 2 O [16] [17] [18] NO 3 N 2 O [19] (<5 t/hm 2 ) ph N 2 O NH 4 NO 3 [20-21] NH 3 N 2 O N 2 O NH 3 NH 3 N 2 O 内蒙古青年科技英才支持计划项目 (NJYT-15-A11) 和乌梁素海生态过渡带面源污染控制示范推广项目资助 * (nmhm1970@sina.com) 武岩 (1991 ), 男, 内蒙古赤峰人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事土壤资源利用方面研究 wuyan @vip.qq.com

2 (40 26 ~ N, ~ E) ~ m mm (0 ~ 20 cm) ph g/kg 0.8 g/kg 8.1 mg/kg mg/kg g/kg 5.3 g/kg NO 3 -N 7.4 mg/kg NH 4 -N 3.2 mg/kg ( 600 kg/hm kg/hm 2 ) CK (6 t/hm 2 ) B (1.5 t/hm 2 ) C (1.5 t/hm 2 ) HA % (5 3 ) % 20% 750 ~ 900 m 3 /hm N 2 O 1.2 cm 50 cm 50 cm 50 cm 25 cm 50 cm 50 cm 15 cm 12 cm 7 d 1 2 d d 1 8:30 11: min 300 ml Picarro G2308 N 2 O CH 4 H 2 O N 2 O N 2 O [22] F = ρ h dc/dt 273/(273T) (1) F (N 2 O μg/(m 2 h)) ρ (kg/m 3 ) h (m) dc/dt T ( ) 273 N 2 O N 2 O (N 2 O kg/hm 2 )= N 2 O (N 2 O mg/(m 2 h)) (d) 24(h) 10 2 NH 3 NH % [23] 15 cm 10 cm 2 cm 16 cm 15 ml (50 ml 40 ml ml) 5 cm NH 3 3 8: ~ 2 d 1 2 ~ 3 NH 3 1 ~ 3 d 1 7 d ml 300 ml 2 mol/l KCl 1 h NH 3 -N (FIAstar5000) NH 3 NH 3 (N kg/(hm 2 d))= [M / (A D)] 10 2 (2) M (N mg) A (m 2 ) D (d) NH 3 (N kg/hm 2 )= NH 3 (N kg/(hm 2 d)) D 5 cm 0 ~ 10 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 2 mol/l KCl ( ) (FIAstar5000) NO 3-N NH 4 -N

3 N 2 O =N 2 O-N / 100% (3) NH 3 =NH 3 -N / 100% (4) = ( )- ( ) (5) 1.4 Excel 2003 SAS9.2 LSD N 2 O N 2 O N 2 O ( 1) CK N 2 O N 2 O N 2 O 2 7 d N 2 O CK(5.54 mg/(m 2 h))> C(5.40 mg/(m 2 h))>b(4.57 mg/(m 2 h))> HA(3.43 mg/(m 2 h)) N 2 O N 2 O d 7 15 N 2 O ( T 0 T 1 T 2 ) 图 1 玉米生育期 N 2 O 排放通量动态变化 Fig. 1 Dynamic change of N 2 O emission flux in maize growth period 图 2 玉米生育期的土壤含水量空气温度与土壤温度 Fig. 2 Changes of soil water content, air temperature and soil temperature during maize growth period 1 N 2 O ~ N 2 O ~ g/kg N 2 O 表 1 环境因子与 N 2 O 排放通量的相关性分析 Table 1 Correlation coefficients between environmental factors and N 2 O emission flux CK ** * B ** * C * * HA * ** * P<0.05 ** P< N 2 O 2 N 2 O (P<0.05) B HA N 2 O CK 91.7% 69.9% C HA N 2 O CK 24.1% 12.7%, N 2 O B N 2 O CK N 2 O CK 30.9% CK C HA N 2 O CK 8.22 kg/hm 2 3 N 2 O (P<0.05) N 2 O

4 N 2 O N 2 O CK(1.08%) >C(1.07%) >HA(0.87%) >B (0.74%) CK C B CK 68.5% B N 2 O 表 2 不同施肥处理对各时期 N 2 O 累计排放量及其氮肥损失率的影响 Table 2 Effects of different fertilization on N 2 O cumulative emission and nitrogen loss rates in different periods N 2 O (N 2 O kg/hm 2 ) (kg/hm 2 ) (%) CK ± 1.04 A 2.76 ± 0.08 Ab 4.89 ± 1.10 ABa 0.56 ± 0.03 Ab 1.08 [5.26] B ± 1.17 B 0.23 ± 0.02 Cb 4.90 ± 1.21 ABa 0.53 ± 0.23 Ab 0.74 [3.63] C ± 0.54 A 1.21 ± 0.04 ABb 6.07 ± 0.60 Aa 0.90 ± 0.13 Ab 1.07 [5.24] HA ± 0.16 A 0.83 ± 0.02 BCb 5.51 ± 0.08 ABa 0.75 ± 0.07 Ab 0.87 [4.54] [ ] N 2 O N (N kg/hm 2 ) N 2 O P<0.05 N 2 O P< NH NH NH 3 4 ~ 5 d NH 3 CK(2.95 kg/(hm 2 d))>c (1.48 kg/(hm 2 d))>ha(1.21 kg/(hm 2 d))>b(1.03 kg/(hm 2 d)) 6 18 NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 3 ~ 5 d 图 3 玉米生育期 NH 3 挥发通量动态变化 Fig. 3 Dynamic changes of NH 3 volatilization during maize growth period NH 3 3 NH 3 NH NH NH 3 (P<0.05) NH 3 CK NH 3 N kg/hm 2 B C CK 3 NH 3 NH 3 (P< 0.05) B C HA NH 3 CK 3 CK NH 3 N kg/hm 2 CK NH 3 N kg/hm 2 NH % B C HA NH 3 CK NH 3 CK 56.0% 41.2% 49.0% CK 56.0% 41.2% 52.1% 2.3 NO 3 -N NH 4 -N 0 ~ 20 cm NO 3-N NH 4 -N

5 B C HA NO 3-N CK CK NO 3-N CK 17.6% 18.6% 34.9% NO 3 -N NH 4 -N NO 3 -N NH 4 -N B C HA NH 4 -N CK NH 4 -N CK 55.6% 36.8% 25.2% NH 4 表 3 不同施肥处理对各时期 NH 3 累计挥发量及其氮肥损失率的影响 Table 3 Effects of different fertilization on NH 3 accumulation amounts and nitrogen loss rates in different periods NH 3 (N kg/hm 2 ) (kg/hm 2 ) (%) CK ± 4.61 A ± 2.86 Aa 6.28 ± 1.46 Ab 4.03 ± 0.29 Ab 8.72 B ± 0.50 C ± 0.09 Da 2.67 ± 0.20 Bb 1.86 ± 0.20 Cc 3.84 C ± 1.36 BC ± 0.93 BCa 3.16 ± 0.27 Bb 2.57 ± 0.16 Bb 5.13 HA ± 0.56 BC ± 0.71 CDa 1.96 ± 0.18 Bb 2.57 ± 0.03 Bb 4.18 表 4 不同施肥处理对土壤 NO 3 -N NH 4 -N 含量的影响 Table 4 Effects of different fertilization on contents of NO 3 -N and NH 4 -N in soil 氮形态处理基肥后第一次追肥后第二次追肥后收获后 NO 3 -N NH 4 -N CK ± 0.58 b ± 0.43 a ± 0.03 a ± 0.29 a B ± 0.34 a ± 0.40 a ± 0.59 a ± 1.71 a C ± 0.32 ab ± 1.01 a ± 1.96 a ± 0.50 a HA ± 1.65 ab ± 0.17 a ± 2.28 a ± 1.33 a CK ± 1.30 a ± 0.88 a 7.11 ± 0.32 a 4.68 ± 0.45 a B ±2.04 a ± 2.44 a ± 1.09 a 7.28 ± 1.19 a C ± 1.69 a ± 0.86 a 8.91 ± 1.13 a 6.40 ± 0.54 a HA ± 1.16 a ± 1.16 a 9.24 ± 1.34 a 5.86 ± 0.89 a NO 3 -N NH 4 -N P< ~ kg/hm 2 B kg/hm 2 CK kg/hm 2 B C HA CK (P<0.05) 11.1% 9.6% 10.2% CK 8.7% 6.8% 7.6% 表 5 不同施肥处理对籽粒产量及经济收益的影响 Table 5 Effects of different fertilization on grain yield and economic income (kg/hm 2 ) ( /hm 2 ) CK ± 55 b b B ± 52 a a C ± 41 a a HA ± 56 a a P< NH 3 N 2 O [17] N 2 O [17] N 2 O N 2 O O 2 N 2 O [19] Zhang [24] N 2 O 20 t/hm 2 N 2 O 40 t/hm 2 N 2 O 54.3% ~ 56.7%

6 NH 4 N 2 O 1.5 t/hm 2 N 2 O N 2 O NH 4 NH 3 ph( ) N 2 O 1.5 t/hm 2 N 2 O 20 t/hm 2 NH 3 N 2 O 50 ~ 90 cmol/kg 5 ~ 6 [25] NH 4 NH 3 N 2 O [26] Paula [27] [28] C/N N 2 O N 2 O [29] [30] N 2 O N 3 O N 2 O 10 N 2 O 3.2 N 2 O N 2 O [31-32] N 2 O N 2 O N 2 O [32-33] N 2 O ~ g/kg N 2 O 4 1) N 2 O N 2 O N 2 O B N 2 O 2) NH 3 -N 3 ~ 5 d NH 3 B C HA NH 3 3) B NH 3 N 2 O CK 8.7% C HA NH 3 N 2 O [1],,,. [J]., 2008, 45(5): [2],,,. [J]., 1995, 1(2): [3],,,. [J]., 1998, 4(1): 8 15 [4],,,. 15 N [J]., 2015, 52(2): [5],,,. [J]., 2015, 47(6): [6]. [J]., 2008, 45(5): [7],,,. - [J]., 2007, 27(3): [8],,,. [J]., 2014, 51(5): [9],,,. N 2 O [J]. ( ), 2005, 26(3): [10],,,. [J]., 2008,19(1):

7 4 751 [11] Nan W G,Yue S C, Li S Q, et al.characteristics of N 2 O production and transport within soil profiles subjected to different nitrogen application rates in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 542: [12] Winiwarter W, Klimont Z. The role of N-gases (N 2 O, NO x, NH 3 ) in cost-effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution in Europe[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2011, 3(5): [13] Ameloot N, Maenhout P, De N, et al. Biochar-induced N 2 O emission reductions after field incorporation in a loam soil[j]. Geoderma, 2016, 267: [14] Stocker T F, Qin D H, Plattner G K, et al. Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Intergovern-mental Panel on Climate Change,Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013 [15],,,. [J]., 2016, 48(2): [16],,,. N 2 O CH 4 [J]., 2015, 52(4): [17],,,. [J]., 2013, 24(8): [18],,,. [J]., 2014, 33(1): [19],,,. CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O [J]., 2015, 35(11): [20],. [J]., 2011(1) : 66 68, 72 [21],,. [J]., 2010, 16(1): [22] Lyamuremye F, Dick R P, Baham J. Organic amendments and phosphorus dynamics I; Phosphorus chemistry and sorption[j]. Soil Science, 1996, 161(7): [23],,,. [J]., 2002, 8(2): [24] Zhang A F, Liu Y M, Pan G X, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 351(1/2): [25]. [D]. :, 2004 [26] Andrade F V, Mendonca E S, Silva I R, et al. Dry-matter production and phosphorus accumulation by maize plants inresponse to the addition of organic acids in oxisols[j]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2007, 38(19/20): [27] Paula P, Petri K, Martti E, et al. Influence of alurry and mineral fertilizer application technique on N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes from a barley field[j]. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment, 2006, 117(1): [28],,,. CH 4 N 2 O [J]., 2003, 24(4): 7 12 [29],,,. [J]., 2007, 22(B10): [30] Anderson I C, Poth M, Homstead J, et al. A Comparison of NO and N 2 O production by the autotrophic nitrifier Nitrosomonas europaea and the heterotrophic nitrifier Alcaligenes faecalis[j]. Applied and environmental microbiology, 1993, 59(11): [31],,,. N 2 O [J]., 1997, 18(5): 3 7, 93 [32],,,. [C]//. S3,., 2012: 9 [33] 郑循华, 王明星, 王跃思, 等. 稻麦轮作生态系统中土壤湿度对 N 2 O 产生与排放的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 1996, 7(3):

8 Influence of Different Fertilization Measures on NH 3 Volatilization and N 2 O Emission in Salined Flavo-aquic Soil of Hetao Irrigation Area WU Yan 1, HONG Mei 1*, LIN Lilong 2, MEI Li 1, ZHANG Jianqiang 3 (1 Inner Mongolia Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot , China; 2 Soil and Fertilizer Station in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot , China; 3 Hangjin Houqi Agricultural Extension Center, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia , China) Abstract: NH 3 volatilization and N 2 O emission under different fertilization of a salined flavo-aquic soil in Hetao Irrigation Area studied through the static chamber gas chromatography and in situ field determination, the different fertilization included 1) CK, farmer conventional fertilization, 2) B, bentonite CK, 3) C, biochar CK, and 4) HA, humic acid CK. The results showed that: compared with CK, B fertilization significantly reduced the cumulative emission of soil N 2 O by 30.9% and decreased nitrogen loss by 31.5%, but there were no significant difference between the other fertilization and CK in N 2 O cumulative emission. The NH 3 volatilization rate of each treatment reached the peak value in 3 5 days after fertilization, and then gradually tended to be stable. Compared with CK, B, C, and HA treatments significantly reduced total amount of soil NH 3 volatilization by 56.0%, 41.2% and 49.0%, and decreased nitrogen loss rate by 56.0%, 41.2% and 52.1%, respectively. Soil temperature and air temperature were significantly positively correlated with soil N 2 O emission; Soil water content ranged from g/kg to g/kg in maize growth period in which soil moisture content and soil N 2 O emission were positively correlated. B fertilization significantly reduced soil NH 3 volatilization and N 2 O emission, and increased crop yield by 11.1% compared to CK, which indicate it is the more reasonable fertilization. Key words: Fertilization measures; NH 3 ; N 2 O; Hetao Irrigation Area

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7 24( 2) : 232 237 浙江农业学报 Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis 2012 http: / / www zjnyxb cn 2012 24( 2) : 吴根良忻雅童建新等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 J 浙江农业学报 232 237 不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 1 吴根良忻 ( 1 1 * 雅童建新1