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1 Vol.31 No.4 : Acta Geoscientica Sinica Aug. 2010: www. 地球学报.com 1, 2), 1), 2), 2), 1), 2), 2), 2), 2), 2), 2), 2), 2) 1), ; 2), 摘要 :,,, -,,, 6 29 Pb+Zn(Au+Ag) Pb+Zn(Cu+Au+Ag) Cu(Mo+Au+Ag) Cu+Mo(+Au+Ag) Mo, SiO %~73.16%, K 2 O,, Mg, F( 0.08%) Cl( 0.02%),, ~ , , Sr Y Yb, Sr Nb Ta Ti, Rb Ba Sr, Y-Sr/Y,, C -, -,,, LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 16.27±0.31 Ma(MSWD=1.9 ~15.99±0.34 Ma(MSWD=2.5), ; SHRIMP 14.2±0.2 Ma 14.1±0.3 Ma, ; Re-Os 14.78±0.33 Ma, Re-Os 14.67±0.19 Ma, 15 Ma (14.5~15 Ma), Langhian,,,,, 关键词 : ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : P618.4; P611.5; P597 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2010) Geological Features and Metallogenic Model of the Jiama Copper-Polymetallic Deposit in Tibet TANG Ju-xing 1, 2), WANG Deng-hong 1), WANG Xiong-wu 2), ZHONG Kang-hui 2), YING Li-juan 1), ZHENG Wen-bao 2), LI Feng-ji 2), GUO Na 2), QIN Zhi-peng 2) YAO Xiao-feng 2), LI Lei 2), WANG You 2), TANG Xiao-qian 2) 1) Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing ; 2) Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan ( : )( : 2006BAB01A01) ( : ) ( : E0804) 2009 : ; : :,, 1964, : , 26 : tangjuxing@126.com

2 496 Abstract: The Jiama copper-polymetallic ore deposit is a superlarge ore deposit in the eastern part of central Gangdise. Its discovery is a breakthrough in the exploration work in that skarn-type Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Au and Ag and hornfels-type Cu-Mo in this ore deposit all reach large-size reserves. Geological features of the ore bodies, geochemistry of magmatic rocks and chronology of diagenesis and mineralization indicate that Jiama is a typical skarn-hornfels type copper polymetallic ore deposit related to porphyry. The skarn-type ore bodies are distributed in the expansion space between Late Jurassic Duodigou Formation and Early Cretaceous Linbuzong Formation, whereas the hornfels-type ore bodies occur in hornfels. There exist six ore types, twenty-nine metallic minerals and four periods of wall rock alteration in this ore deposit, characterized by wall rock alteration and ores of the porphyry metallogenic system. From top to bottom, metallogenic element zoning is in order of Pb+Zn(Au+Ag) Pb+Zn(Cu+Au+Ag) Cu(Mo+Au+Ag) Cu+Mo(+Au+Ag) Mo, constituting a complete metallogenic element zoning and ore mineral zoning related to magmatism. The ore-bearing magmatic rocks contain 59.58%~73.16% SiO 2 and have peraluminous nature; in addition, they are enriched with K 2 O, F(0.08% on average) and Cl (0.02% on average), but is poor in Mg. These data indicate that the ore-bearing magmatic rocks are peraluminous high-k calc-alkaline rocks and regular calc-alkaline rocks. The ore-bearing magmatic rocks also have a total of rare earth elements between and ( on average), higher Sr, lower Y and Yb, with an obvious positive Sr anomaly and evident negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti, and also have relatively abundant Rb, Ba and Sr. In the diagram of Y-Sr/Y, these magmatic rocks belong to the ore-bearing porphyry rocks of Gangdise, somewhat with the features of high-k adakitic rocks, like C-type adakite. The magmatic evolution indicates the evolutionary trend of regular high-k calc-alkaline rocks characterized by the rock series of diorite porphyrite and granite porphyry and features of certain magma mixing. The basic magma mixing was in favor of mineralization of copper polymetallic ore deposit, especially the mineralization of associated high-content Au and Ag. The U-Pb ages of barren porphyry dykes or peripheral wall rocks dated by LA-ICP-MS of zircons are 16.27±0.31 Ma(MSWD=1.9)~15.99±0.34 Ma(MSWD=2.5) indicating that the intrusive activity took place before mineralization. The SHRIMP U-Pb ages of zircons from the ore-bearing porphyry dyke are 14.2±0.2 Ma and 14.1±0.3 Ma, implying that the intrusive activity was slightly later than major mineralization. Re-Os isotopic isochron age of molybdenite from porphyry-type ore is 14.78±0.33 Ma, that of hornfels-type ore is 14.67±0.19 Ma, and that of skarn-type ore is also about 15 Ma(14.5~15 Ma). These data suggest that the major mineralization period should be Miocene Langhian Stage. Therefore, this study presents the ore-forming control based on the nappe-slipping structure, and also puts forward the model of the ore deposit which holds that magma provided mineral sources after the intrusion. Therefore, this study gives further guide for regional prospecting. Key words: skarn type; hornfels type; porphyry type; geological feature; ore deposit model; Jiama,, 20 50,,, 20 80, (1998),, ; (2002),, (2002) (2002),, (2001) (2005) (2008), ,,,,, -,,,

: 497 2008 2009 (, 2009),, 1 成矿地质背景 ( ) ( 1), :,, (K 1 l) (, ) (J 3 d)(, ), ( 2) I - ; Ⅰ, 8,, ( ),,, (K 1 l)( ) (J 3 d)( ), - (J 3 d) ; 图 1 工作区大地构造位置图 ( 底图据西藏自治区地质志附图 ) Fig.

3 : (, 2009),, 1 成矿地质背景 ( ) ( 1), :,, (K 1 l) (, ) (J 3 d)(, ), ( 2) I - ; Ⅰ, 8,, ( ),,, (K 1 l)( ) (J 3 d)( ), - (J 3 d) ; 图 1 工作区大地构造位置图 ( 底图据西藏自治区地质志附图 ) Fig. 1 Geotectonic map of Jiama (base map after attached map in Regional Geological of Xizang Autonomous Region ) Ⅰ-; Ⅱ- ; Ⅱ1- ; Ⅱ 2 - ; Ⅱ 3 - ; Ⅱ 4 - ; Ⅲ- ; Ys- ; BS- ; JS- I-north part of Indian plate; Ⅱ-Gangdise-Nyainqentanglha terrane; II 1 -Yanshanian-Himalayan Gangdise continental margin magmatic arc; II 2 - Nyainqentanglha fault-uplift; II 3 -Yanshanian Coqen-Nam Co back-arc basin; II 4-Early Yanshanian Baingoin-Lhari continental margin magmatic arc; III-Qiangtang-Sanjiang composite terrane; Ys-Yarlung Zhngbo plate suture belt; BS-Bangong Co-Nujiang plate suture belt; JS-Jinshajiang suture belt

4 498 2 矿体特征 1 2.1,, : ( - - ) ( ),,, ZK1616 ZK3216( 2 3 4) ( ),, 40 km 2,,, : + +, 2.2, 95%, Fig. 2 图 2 甲玛铜多金属矿床地质图与成矿元素分布图 Geological map of the Jiama Cu polymetallic ore deposit, showing the distribution of metallogenic elements

5 : 499 Table 1 表 1 甲玛铜多金属矿各矿体形态产状和规模一览表 Shape and size of each ore body in the Jiama Cu polymetallic ore deposit I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 6 I 7 I 8 I 9, 257,,,,,,,,,,, II, 47 56, 3400, 3200,, 4 36,, 56,, 56,, 56,, 56,, 56,, 56,, 56, 8 ~48,, ; : ( ) ( ) 2.3 : (2009), (10 km 2 ) Cu, 10 m. %,, 100 m, ZK1616, m, Cu 0.75%, 1.90%; Mo Cu, NE, Cu, Pb+Zn+Cu Cu Cu(Mo) Cu+Mo Mo(Cu) Mo Cu+Pb Cu Cu(Mo) Mo Cu Cu+Mo Cu(Mo) Mo Pb(Zn) Cu+Pb(Zn) Cu Pb+Zn Cu Mo Cu+Pb+Zn Cu Cu(Mo) Cu+Zn Cu Cu+Mo Cu Mo(Cu) Cu Cu+Mo Mo(Cu) Mo(Cu) Cu+Mo ZK1616 ( 2 3), m, Mo 0.10%; Pb Zn,,, ( 2), 5 m.%; Cu,,, Au 5 m.g/t, Ag 200 m.g/t SW NE (, ): Pb+Zn(Au+Ag) Pb+Zn (Cu+Au+Ag) Cu(Mo+Au+Ag) Cu+Mo(+Au+Ag) Mo( 2),,,, 0, 5 ( : Au, Ag 10 6 ; Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn 10 2 ), 0 (30 SW NE) Pb+Zn Cu Cu+Mo Mo ( 2),, ( 2)

32 exploration line in the Jiama Cu polymetallic ore deposit 3 岩浆岩地球化学特征,, SiO 2 59.58%~73.16%, K 2 O, (ASI>1.1), Mg, F( 0.08%) Cl( 0.

6 500 Fig. 3 图 3 甲玛铜多金属矿 16 勘探线地质剖面图 Geological section along No. 16 exploration line in the Jiama Cu polymetallic ore deposit Fig. 4 图 4 甲玛铜多金属矿 32 勘探线地质剖面图 Geological section along No. 32 exploration line in the Jiama Cu polymetallic ore deposit 3 岩浆岩地球化学特征,, SiO %~73.16%, K 2 O, (ASI>1.1), Mg, F( 0.08%) Cl( 0.02%), ( 6)(, ),, ~ , , Sr Y Yb, Sr Nb Ta Ti, Rb Ba Sr, REE,,, / Y-Sr/Y ( 7),, (, ) K 2 O,, C 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ~ , 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ~15.644, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ~38.914, (, 2003)

) ( Peccerillo R, Taylor S R, 1976; Middlemost E A

6 K 2 O-SiO 2 diagram of felsic porphyry rocks in

, in press) Sr 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 0.705001~ 0.

7 : 501 Fig. 5 图 5 甲玛铜多金属矿床 0 号勘探线元素分带图 ( 据郑文宝等, 待刊 ) Element zoning along No. 0 exploration line of the Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit (after ZHENG Wen-bao et al., in press) 图 6 甲玛长英质斑岩岩石系列 K 2 O-SiO 2 图解 ( 据汪雄武等, 待刊 ) ( Peccerillo R, Taylor S R, 1976; Middlemost E A K,1985,) Fig. 6 K 2 O-SiO 2 diagram of felsic porphyry rocks in Jiama (after WANG Xiong-wu et al., in press) Sr 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ~ Nd/ 144 Nd ~ , ε Nd, 1,, 图 7 甲玛铜多金属矿岩浆岩 Sr-Nd 同位素关系图 ( 据汪雄武等, 待刊 ) Fig. 7 Diagram of Sr-Nd isotopes of magmatic rocks from the Jiama Cu polymetallic ore deposit (after WANG Xiong-wu et al., in press),, -, - Y-Sr/Y Yb-La/Yb

502,, (, ),,,,,, 4 成岩成矿时代的厘定, K-Ar (, 1998) (, 2001),,, (2005) 15.4~15.

1 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb, 1~2 km,, (, ) 4 206 Pb/ 238 U ( 8), Pb 206 Pb/ 238 U,

24 Ma(MSWD=3.8)( 8c), 14.81±0.16 Ma (MSWD=1.5)( 8d), Fig.

待刊 ; 汪雄武等, 待刊 ) Concordia diagrams for U-Pb ages of zircon grains in

8 502,, (, ),,,,,, 4 成岩成矿时代的厘定, K-Ar (, 1998) (, 2001),,, (2005) 15.4~15.5 Ma, 187 Re- 187 Os (15.18± 0.98) Ma, 4.1 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb, 1~2 km,, (, ) Pb/ 238 U ( 8), Pb 206 Pb/ 238 U, 16.27±0.31 Ma(MSWD=1.9)( 8a), 15.99±0.34 Ma(MSWD=2.5)( 8b), 15.31±0.24 Ma(MSWD=3.8)( 8c), 14.81±0.16 Ma (MSWD=1.5)( 8d), Fig. 8 图 8 塔龙尾 (TWQ) 象背山(XBS) 独立峰(DLF) 及东风垭 (DFY) 岩体 ( 脉 )U-Pb 年龄谐和图 ( 据秦志鹏等, 待刊 ; 汪雄武等, 待刊 ) Concordia diagrams for U-Pb ages of zircon grains in Talongwei, Xiangbeishan, Dulifeng and Dongfengya rock bodies (veins) (after QIN Zhi-peng et al., in press; WANG Xiong-wu et al., in press)

9 : 503,,,,,,, (), 147 Ma(DFY-10),,,,, -, (2005) (2009) Re-Os, Re-Os 15.22±0.59 Ma(, 2009), 15.34± 0.10 Ma, 15.18±0.98 Ma 15.70±0.36 Ma, 14.78±0.33 Ma, 4.2 SHRIMP 14.67±0.19 Ma( 10)(, 2005;, 2009a;, ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) SHRIMP U-Pb, 14.2±0.2 Ma 14.1±0.3 Ma( 9),,,,,, 15 Ma (14.5~15 Ma), Langhian -, 13~17 Ma, Re-Os (, 2009a) (, 2009b) Re-Os,, 5 矿床模型, : 4.3 Re-Os,, -, -, -,, 图 9 样品 JM52-0 花岗斑岩和样品 JM 花岗闪长斑岩的锆石 SHRIMP 数据的 U-Pb 谐和图解 ( 据应立娟等, 待刊 ) Fig. 9 U-Pb concordia diagram for SHRIMP data of zircons from sample JM52-0 (granite porphyry) and sample JM (granite diorite porphyry) (after YING Li-juan et al., in press)

10 504 图 10 甲玛铜多金属矿角岩型矿石和斑岩型矿石中辉钼矿 Re-Os 同位素等时线年龄图 ( 据应立娟等, 待刊 ) Fig. 10 Re-Os isotopic isochron diagram of molybdenite in the Jiama copper deposit (after YING Li-juan et al., in press) Langhian (15 Ma ) ( 16-40, ZK3216 ),, - -, -, ( 4000 ) -,, ( 50 ), ( 20 ), ( 700 ) (ZK , Mo 0.07%) 40 km 2, -, Mo Mo(Cu) Cu(Mo) Cu(Pb+Zn+Mo) Cu(Pb+Zn) Pb+Zn Au,, 6 结论 1 -,, 250, 700,, Cu Mo Au Ag Pb Zn 2 Langhian (15 Ma ),,, -, -,,, 3, Mo Mo(Cu) Cu(Mo) Cu(Pb+Zn+Mo) Cu(Pb+ Zn) Pb+Zn Au,, () + +++() + 4 -,, 50, () ()+ -( - ), ( -),

11 : 505 ( - ) 5 +,, 参考文献 :,,,,, [M]. :, ,,,, [J]., 29(4): ,,,,, [J]., 22(4): ,,,,,,, Re-Os [J].. 24(5): ,,,,, SR-XRF [J]., 28(3): ,,,, [J]., 16(4): ,,,,,,, U-Pb [J]. ( ).,,,,,,, [J]., 83(5): 1-7.,,,,,, [J]., 28(1): ,,,,, [J]., 28(3): ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [R]( ).,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [R]( ).,,,,,,, [J]., 21(1): [M]. :, ,,,,, [J]., 48(5): ,,,,, [J]., 28(3): ,,,,,, Re-Os [J]. ( ).,,,. 2001, [J]. D, 31(S1): ,,,,,, [J]. ( ). References: DU Guang-shu, YAO Peng, PAN Feng-chu, SU Deng-kui, LI Wen-bin, NING Ying-yi Sedimentation-exhalation skarn and its mineralization: an example from the Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit, Tibet[M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Sci. Press, (in Chinese). FENG Xiao-liang, GUAN Shi-ping, MOU Chuan-long, HOU Zeng-qian, LI Sheng-rong Geological characteristics and genesis of the Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit in Tibet[J]. Geology-Geochemistry, 29(4): 40-48(in Chinese with English abstract). HOU Zeng-qian, MO Xuan-xue, GAO Yong-feng, QU Xiao-ming, MENG Xiang-jin Adakite, a possible host rock for porphyry copper deposits: case studies of porphyry copper belts in Tibetan Plateau and in Northern Chile[J]. Mineral Deposits, 22(1): 1-12(in Chinese with English abstract). LI Guang-ming, RUI Zong-yao, WANG Gao-ming, LIN Fang-cheng, LIU Bo, SHE Hong-quan, FENG Cheng-you, QU Wen-jun Molybdenite Re-Os dating of Jiama and Zhibula polymetallic copper deposits in Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet and its significance[j]. Mineral Deposits, 24(5): (in Chinese with English abstract). LIAN Yu, XU Wen-yi, YANG Dan, CHEN Wei-shi, QU Xiao-ming, CHEN Dong-liang SR-XRF studies of fluid inclusions from the Jiama and Nanmu deposits in the Gangdise copper-polymetallic metallogenic belt of Tibet[J]. Acta Petrologica Et Mineralogica, 28(3): (in Chinese with English abstract). PAN Feng-cu, DENG Jun, YAO Peng, WANG Qing-fei, LIU Yu-xiang The eruptive origins of copper and multi-metal deposits in the skarns in Jiama, Tibet[J]. Geoscience, 16(4): (in Chinese with English abstract). QIN Zhi-peng, WANG Xiong-wu, TANG Ju-xing, ZHOU Yun, GAO Yi-ming, YING Li-juan, TANG Xiao-qian, PENG

12 506 Hui-juan The cathode luminescence of zircon, U-Pb age and trace element of the adakite-like rocks in the Jiama Cu polymetallic deposit, Tibet[J]. In press. TANG Ju-xing, CHEN Yu-chuan, WANG Deng-hong, WANG Cheng-hui, XU Yuan-ping, QU Wen-jun, HUANG Wei, HUANG Yong. 2009b. Re-Os Dating of molybdenite from the Sharang porphyry molybdenum deposit in Gongbujiangda Country, Tibet and its geological significance[j]. Acta Geological Sinica, 83(5): 1-7(in Chinese with English abstract). TANG Ju-xing, HUANG Yong, LI Zhi-jun, DENG Qi, LANG Xing-hai, CHEN Yuan, ZHANG Li. 2009a. Element geochemical characteristics of Xiongcun Cu-Au deposit in Xaitongmoin County, Tibet[J]. Mineral Deposits, 28(1), 15-28(in Chinese with English abstract). TANG Ju-xing, WANG Cheng-hui, QU Wen-jun, DU An-dao, YING Li-juan, GAO Yi-ming. 2009b. Re-Os isotopic dating of molybdenite from the Yulong porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit in Tibet and its metallogenic significance[j]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 28(3): (in Chinese with English abstract). TANG Ju-xing, WANG Deng-hong, ZHONG Kang-hui, WANG Xiong-wu, GUO Yan-you, LIU Wen-zhou, YING Li-juan, GUO Na, GUO Ke, ZHENG Wen-bao, QIN Zhi-peng, LI Lei, LING Juan, YE Jiang, LI Feng-ji, YAO Xiao-feng, LI Zhi-jun, SUN Yan, WANG You, BAI Jing-guo, TANG Xiao-qian, PEI GUO Na, GUO Ke, ZHENG Wen-bao, QIN Zhi-peng, LI Lei, LING Juan, YE Jiang, LI Feng-ji, YAO Xiao-feng, LI Zhi-jun, SUN Yan, WANG You, BAI Jing-guo, TANG Xiao-qian, PEI You-ze, PENG Hui-juan Detailed survey report of the periphery of Jiama copper polymetallic deposit Mozhugongka County, Tibet Autonomous Region[R]. Unpublished(in Chi- Chinese with English abstract). nese). WANG Quan-hai, WANG Bao-sheng, LI Jin-gao, YAO Peng, LI Zhi, ZHOU Zu-yi, CHENG Li-jun, LIU Hong-fei Basic features and ore prospect evaluation of the Gangdise island arc, Tibet, and its copper polymetallic ore belt[j]. Geological Bulletin of China, 21(1): 35-40(in Chinese with English abstract). Xizang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Regional geological of Tibet Autonomous Region[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-707(in Chinese with English preface). YAO Peng, ZHENG Ming-hua, PENG Yong-min, LI Jin-gao, SU Deng-kui, FAN Wen-yu Sources of ore-forming materials and the genesis of the Jiama copper and polymetallic deposit in Gangdise island-arc belt, Xizang[J]. Geological Review, 48(5): (in Chinese with English abstract). YING Li-juan, TANG Ju-xing, WANG Deng-hong, CHANG Zhe-sheng, QU Wen-jun, ZHENG Wen-bao. 2009b. Re-Os isotopic dating of molybdenite in skarn from the Jiama copper polymetallic deposit of Tibet and its metallogenic significance[j]. Rock and Mineral Analysis. 28(3): (in Chinese with English abstract). YING Li-juan, WANG Deng-hong, TANG Ju-xing, CHANG Zhe-sheng, QU Wen-jun, ZHENG Wen-bao, WANG Huan Re-Os dating of molybdenite occurring in different You-ze, PENG Hui-juan Geological survey report of the rocks from and its metallogenic significance[j]. Acta Geologica Sinica. In press(in Chinese with English abstract). Jiama copper polymetallic deposit among and 0-15 exploration lines, Mozhugongka County, Tibet Autonomous YUAN Wan-ming, HOU Zeng-qian, Li Sheng-rong, WANG Region[R]. Unpublished(in Chinese). Shi-cheng Tibet, A multi-metal mine Ma fission track TANG Ju-xing, WANG Deng-hong, ZHONG Kang-hui, WANG evidence of the thermal history in the Jiama copper polymetallic deposit, Tibet[J], Science in China (Series D), Xiong-wu, GUO Yan-you, LIU Wen-zhou, YING Li-juan, 31(S1): (in Chinese). ZHENG Wen-bao, CHEN Yu-chuan, SONG Xin, TANG Ju-xing, YING Li-juan, LI Feng-ji, TANG Xiao-qian Element distribution and geological significance in the Jiama copper polymetallic deposit, Tibet[J]. Mineral Deposits. In press(in

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