12 2 2 0 1 6 4 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 12, No. 2 Apr., 2016 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-0780. 2016. 02. 016,,,, (,,, 510300) : ( Pinctada maxima),,,, 54. 55%, 0 0. 25 m - 2, 0 70. 31 gm - 2, 15. 38%, 0 0. 10 m - 2, 0 22. 55 gm - 2, 65. 00%, 0. 1 0. 2 m - 2, 0. 3 m - 2, 390 g m - 2,, : ; ; : S 932. 6 : A : 2095-0780 - ( 2016) 02-0110 - 06 Preliminary analysis of Pinctada maxima in nature reserves along coastal area in the northern South China Sea WANG Xinxing, CHEN Zuozhi, HUANG Zirong, XU Shannan, CHEN Tao ( Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resource & Environment; Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resource Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China) Abstract: Pinctada maxima, a first class national protected wild animal with high social, economic and ecological value, is a unique pearl oyster species in the South China Sea. The distribution and status of P. maxima resources were investigated by diving section method in Yangpu and Lingao Pearl oyster Nature Reserve and western Leizhou Peninsula Nature Reserve. The results show that frequency of P. maxima was 54. 55% in Lingao waters. Habitat density ranged from 0 to 0. 25 indm - 2. Biomass ranged from 0 to 70. 31 gm - 2 in Lingao waters. Frequency of P. maxima was 15. 38% in Yangpu waters. Habitat density ranged from0 to 0. 10 indm - 2. Biomass ranged from 0 to 22. 55 gm - 2. Frequency of P. maxima was 65. 00% in west Leizhou waters. Most stations habitat density ranged from 0. 10 to 0. 20 indm - 2 and the maximum habitat density was 0. 30 indm - 2. The maximum biomass was 390 gm - 2 in west Leizhou waters. The analysis reveals that the current age structure of P. maxima is relatively unreasonable, which indicates that the stock structure has been destroyed and its recovery ability is weak. Key words: Pinctada maxima; nature reserve; resource distribution : 2015-06-08; : 2015-09 -13 : ( ) ( 201403008 ) ; ( 2011B031100001) ; ( 20090413 ) : ( 1988 - ),,,, E-mail: wangxinxing@ scsfri. ac. cn : ( 1978 - ),,,, E-mail: zzchen2000@ 163. com
2 : 111 ( Pinctada maxima), 13, 11,,,,,, 15, 25 cm, 32 1. 2 cm, 4 5 kg 1-2],,, 3-7] 24] 25-26],,, 10 25 8] min, 1, 5 m 4 m, 20 m 2 2011 10, 9-22],,, ( ) 20 80,,, ; ( 1, mm) 23],, ( 0. 01 g),,, 2011 1. 3 10, 1. 3. 1, ( mm) 1. 3. 2,,, 1,, 1. 1, ( gm - 2 ), 20 2011 10 10 ( m - 2 ) 1. 3. 3 2, 109. 01 E 109. 24 E19. 62 N 19. 89 N; 2. 1 109. 01 E 109. 75 E19. 62 N 20. 15 N; 1) 11 109. 68 E 109. 73 E20. 60 N 20. 68, 1 2 N 1 44, 6, 54. 55% 1 ( a) ( b) Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling stations in Yangpu and Lingao waters ( a), Leizhou Peninsula waters ( b)
112 12 1 Tab. 1 Biomass and habitat density of P. maxima in Lingao and Yangpu waters Lingao waters Yangpu waters stations longitude latitude / gm - 2 / m - 2 biomass habitat density stations longitude latitude / gm - 2 / m - 2 biomass habitat density S0 S1 S2 S3 S5 S6 S8 S10 S12 S14 S15 109 17 5419 56 23 0 0 S16 109 14 0919 53 19 0 0 109 23 1919 54 35 24. 99 0. 10 S18 109 12 1519 51 41 0 0 109 26 3219 53 16 0 0 S19 109 10 2019 49 36 0 0 109 29 3819 52 23 0 0 S21 109 08 4219 47 04 0 0 109 29 4119 55 18 37. 66 0. 15 S22 109 08 5619 45 14 0 0 109 30 5619 57 59 0 0 S23 109 08 5219 43 09 0 0 109 33 1719 59 08 20. 10 0. 10 S24 109 07 4719 41 52 9. 09 0. 05 109 36 3820 00 55 70. 31 0. 25 S26 109 04 1919 37 45 0 0 109 39 2820 01 13 0 0 S27 109 07 4719 39 19 22. 55 0. 10 109 41 3320 01 47 9. 99 0. 05 S28 109 10 1019 40 25 0 0 109 44 5320 00 45 23. 43 0. 1 S29 109 11 3919 41 06 0 0 S30 S32 109 00 3519 37 19 0 0 109 14 2219 43 57 0 0 2 ( a) ( b) Fig. 2 Distribution of habitat density ( a) and biomass ( b) in Lingao and Yangpu waters S10 ( ), 0. 25 m - 2 ; m - 2 ; S5 ( ), 0. 15 S14, 0. 05 m - 2 ; 0. 10 m - 2, 5 S10, 70. 31 gm - 2 ; S5, 13 ( m - 2 S30 ), 1 1 2 2, 2,, 15. 38%, S27, S27, 0. 10 m - 2 ; 0. 05 m - 2 S24, 2) 1 2,, 37. 66 gm - 2 ; S14 9. 99 g 22. 55 gm - 2 ; S24, 9. 09 g m - 2
2 : 113 2. 2 1) C C2, 0. 2 m - 2 ; 20, 2 3, 35. 00% 0. 1 0. 2 m - 2, B B5 C C2, 0. 3 m - 2 ; B B1B2 7 B > C > A > D 2 Tab. 2 Biomass and habitat density of P. maxima in Leizhou Peninsula waters section station longitude latitude /gm - 2 biomass / m - 2 habitat density A( ) core zone A1 109 43 35 20 40 12 80 0. 1 A2 A3 A4 A5 109 43 11 109 43 56 109 42 40 109 43 09 20 40 03 186 0. 2 20 39 41 0 0 20 39 23 120 0. 1 20 39 20 0 0 B( ) core zone B1 109 42 21 20 40 44 250 0. 2 B2 B3 B4 B5 109 41 17 109 42 08 109 41 04 109 41 21 20 40 32 210 0. 2 20 40 15 92 0. 1 20 39 48 260 0. 2 20 39 36 285 0. 3 C( ) core zone C1 109 43 07 20 36 37 123 0. 1 C2 C3 C4 C5 109 42 10 109 42 10 109 42 37 109 42 42 20 36 28 390 0. 3 20 36 03 0 0 20 35 24 0 0 20 36 16 120 0. 1 D( ) buffer zone D1 109 42 05 20 43 18 92 0. 1 D2 D3 D4 D5 109 41 58 109 41 31 109 41 25 109 41 29 20 44 02 0 0 20 44 08 94. 5 0. 1 20 44 03 0 0 20 43 15 0 0 2) 2 3 C2, 390 gm - 2 ; B5, 3. 1 285 gm - 2 ;, B > C > A > D 3) 13 2 42 65 210 mm,, 18 m 11 100 140 mm, 57. 1% ( 4) 4),,, 1 2 19 m,,, 1, 85. 7%, ( 5) 3, 25 m,,, 6,,
114 12 3 ( a) ( b) Fig. 3 Distribution of P. maxima habitat density ( a) and biomass ( b) in Leizhou Peninsula waters Fig. 4 Fig. 5 3. 3 5, Frequency distribution of age composition of P. maxima,, 18 25 m,, 20 80 10 m,,,, 27] 3. 2,,,,, 11, 6,,, 54. 55%, 0,, 0. 25 m - 2 ; 13, 2, 15. 38%, 0 0. 10 m - 2 1976 1981, 20 80, 100 200, 500 600 20 80 1/ 10,,, 65. 00%, 4 100% ; 0. 10 0. 20 m - 2, Frequency distribution of shell length of P. maxima 0. 30 m - 2, 390 gm - 2 2005,,, 100 140 mm 57. 1% 1,,,,,, ;, 27] 7]
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