stringplayer@smth.edu.cn 1
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1784 John Michell 130 2 Michell 36 16 ٠ 3
; 78 4
19 ( 24 28 68 m m Wilson 25 5
5 " N=5" V Weyl 48 6
1900 23 1900... 1900 1900 ( ٠ 1905 7
٠ : 1905 8
1908 9
20 10
1907 11
1911 12
mm gg bt? ) 1911 1912 1912 8 13
10 1913 14
1915 6 6 2 strominger 15
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20 1915 17
18
19
60 60 20
Witten 1928 17 : 21
reference offer mm 2001 Nobel winer Eric A. Cornell 22
sci 1.4 23
1935 1 11 1.4 24
ft Rosenfeld Rosenfeld 30 1939 Russell Rusell 1.4 25
1939 1/4 1983 The Mathematics of Black Holes 1944 26
1934 Phys.Rev Caltech Caltech. Caltech 1932-1933 -_-b 27
1932 Caltech 35 Caltech 1938 sigh, 4 28
X Einstein Landau Landau Landau 29
30
1937,,, nature. 1938 4 28 31
Caltech 32
1.5 3 1915 50 33
1933 PD 1939 9 1 Phy.Rev 34
1939 1945 8 6 1943 8 6 35
1945 Phy.Rev 90 36
20 2 1 1.5 20 37
20 50 1961 1964 38
2, 39
500 100, 1963 1939 40
41
qq) pp id Witten 50 Witten Hawking,Witten Hawking Witten Witten 60 42
1967 43
trou noir lewd 44
1958 Finkelstein Finkelstein Finkelstein 1960 Kruskal Finkelstein Kruskal Witten 45
Finkelstein. 60 1963 46
47
MIT bt 1964 48
(horizon) Rindler Rindler 1967 Ellis large scale structure of spacetime 49
Hawking,Ellis 2.1 Ellis Carter 90 colored black hole 50
1971 ( X, ), ( X -_-b), Phy.Rev :, 70 51
60 1952 pp Penrose diagram, r-t Minkowski 1964 52
Finkelstein Kruskal Penrose A spacetime is a diffential generalized Riemanian manifold Taub-Nut 53
1964 GR closed trapped surface (apparent horizon) Lifshitz ) Khalatnikov,,, 1965 Khalatnikov Khalatnikov Lifshitz paper 54
,,, 1969 gravity Lifshitz Lifshitz Khalatnikov Belinsky BKL Lifshitz 55
1970 11 trapped surface GR 56
1972 8 X Nobel ), ; 50,,., 1973 2 57
The four laws of black hole mechanics M A k J W dm=(k/8pi )da+wdj( k A 58
59
60
m 1971 61
1973 nature 62
2.7k A,B 63
64
65 Kerr EPR Gibbons gravitational instanton 95 Do we understand black hole entropy? 65
Wald 98 Review 1974 t'hooft 66
t'hooft Nobel Glashow t Hooft 1995 Witten M Mother,Master,Magic... - Strominger Vafa M- strominger D- stringplayers Glashow -_-b Loop-Quantum-Gravity GR 70 67
, ddmm stringplayers Green mm Green good luck,enen ^_^ Riemann Riemann Hodge Lie Morse 68
Lie Chern-Weil Chern-Weil Riemann,, Morse Riemann Chern-Weil Lie 69
^&^ If you want to be a Witten, you must know more algebraic geometry than an average algebraic geometer. If you want to be a Vafa, know half as much as Witten. If you want to be a Strominger, know half as much as Vafa. If you want to be a Polchinski, know half as much as Strominger. If you want to be a Banks (or a Sen?), know half as much as Polchinski. If you want to be a Susskind, know zero amount of algebraic geometry. If you want to be a Polyakov, know negative amount of algebraic geometry ) 70
, X, ( ), ( ) Kerr 1963 Kerr 10 8 30 2 00... ing Kerr Kerr 71
1915 Witten Gross 72
Witten optical primary / Cygnus X-1 24-42 LMC X-3 20 LMC X-1 4-8 73
V404 Cyg 0.6 A0620-00 0.2-0.7 GS 1124-68(Nova Musc) 0.5-0.8 GS 2000+25(Nova Vul 88) 0.7 GRO J 1655-40 1.2 H 1705-25(Nova Oph77) 0.4 J 04332+32 0.3-0.6 ( ) / M 106 M 87 M 84 4x10^7 3x10^9 3x10^8 NGC(??)4261 5x10^8 M 31 M 32 M 104 NGC 3115 NGC 3377 NGC 3379 NGC 4486B 3-10x10^7 3x10^6 5-10x10^8 7-20x10^8 8x10^7 5x10^7 5x10^8 Milky Way( ) 2.5x10^6 74
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re harpplayer stringplayer 2003.6. 76