4-2003 ============================================= 1
P.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 P.3 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3 2.4 14 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5 19 2
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 25 1 2Lowenfeld & Brittain 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 111998 3
4 : 1.1
2 5
: 2.1 2.1.1 ( 1992 ) 2.1.2 6
2.1.3 1 (Smith,1967,1773) (Feldman,1971,1981) (Eisner,1972) (Broudy)1. 2. 3 4 (Ingarden)1 2 3 (Jahansen,1979) 7
2.1.4 2.2 2.2.1 (Guilord,1968Torrance,1979) I) II) I (Wallas,1921) 8
1 (preparation) 2 (incubation) 3 (illumination) 4 (verification) Guilfold(1968)Torrance(1964) (divergent thinking) Guilfold(1968) 6 (fluency) (flexibility) (originality) (elaboration) (redefinition) (sensitivity to problems)torrance(1964) (fluency) (originality) 9
(highlighting the essence) (elaboration) (openness) (emotional expressiveness) (storytelling) (movement) (expressiveness of titles) (synthesis) (unusual visualization) (internal visualization) (breaking boundaries) (humor) (richness of imagery) (colorfulness of imagery) (fantasy) 1. 2. Guilford 3. 4. 10
11
12 2.2.4
13 2.3
(2000) 2.4 Piaget,1962 14
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Lowenfeld & Brittain 1982 H.Read 1943 Piaget 1962 Helga.Eng 1953 Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1982 Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1982) 15
Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1982) 16
: 3.1 (1982) 3 5 (3+2) 3.2 17
18 3.3 (1982) 3.3.1 (1996) ( 1992) Bee (1992)
19 ( 3) 3.3.2 ( 4) 3.3.3 (1995) ( 6) 3.3.4 6 (1995) ( 8)
1 5 1 5 20% 1 5%~19%3 2%~4%5 5 20 1 2 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 20
3.4.3 3.5 6 21
: 15 12 5 0 0 17 12 3 0 0 ( ) 22
( ) ( ) 23
5 7 14 11 0 0 6 10 15 5 2 0 7 11 11 9 1 0 VCD VCD 24
VCD 4.4 Lowenfeld & Brittain (1982) 1 ( 10) 2 25
6 2 1 ( 10) ( 8) 6 ( 9) 1 ( ) 4.5 6 ( 2002) 26
6 27
: Lowenfeld & Brittain(1982) ( 1996) Torrance(1979) 28
( 1996) 29
( 11) 30
31
32 (1994) (1982) (2002) 242-249 (1996) (1972) (1994) 106-112 (2000) (1995) (2000) 11-16 (1995) (1995) (1995) (1991) (1996) (1994) (80) (1992) (1993) (2000)
(1992) (2000) 23-28 (1992) () 3 29-40 Amabile,T. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer-verlag. Bee,H.L.(1992).The developing child. New York: Harper Collins College. Feldman, E. B.(1981).Varieties of visual experience (2 nd ed.). New York: Harry N. Abrams. Guilford, J. P.(1968).Intelligence, creativity and their educational implications. San Diago, CA: Robert R. Knapp. Lowenfeld, V., & Brittain, W. L. (1982). Creative and mental growth (7 th ed.). New York: Macmillan. Parnes, S. J. (1977). Guide to creative action. New York: Charles. Torrance, E.P.(1979). The search for satori and creativity. Buffalo, NY:Creative Education Foundation. Wallas, G. (1921). The arts of thought. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. 33