1997 1997 1
1842 1984 1997 1 () (natural sciences research) ( social and behavioral sciences research ) 1. 1 ( 2000 8 ) 12 2
2. 2 () (empirical research) 3 (non-empirical research) 1. 2. 4 () 2 ( 2000 8 ) 13 3 Chava Frankfort-Nachmias and David Nachmias, Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London: St. Martin `s Press, 1997. P.46 4 ( 2000 8 )15 3
(observational research) (survey research) (experimental research) 1997 1997 2002 3 4
5
6
340 6 5 6 7
7 ( 1995 12 ) 23 24 8 1842 8 29 ( ) : 1843 4 5 6 26 (Henry Pottinger) ( 1997 7 ) 2 9 1860 10 24 ( ) : ( 11.1 ) ( 1988 ) 239 8
1979 3 1982 9 1893 1985 9 22 1984 9 26 12 19 ( The Baroness Thatcher ) 1997 7 1 10 1981 1984 11 59 23 12 12 1987 9 1989 1985 9 13 1988 1991 1992 10 ( 1999 ) 208209 11 White paperdistrict Administration in Hong Kong (Hong Kong : Government Printer,1981). 12 2000 7 155 13 24 2000 7 154 9
1995 1996 1996 12 1997 7 1 1880 1896 1926 1883 1936 1911 1922 1931 1941 12 14 1945 8 14 14 ( 1997 7 ) 862 10
1950 1965 15 1953 16 1966 1970 15 ( 1990 2 )13 16 1953 11
17 70 70 1997 1980 1982 ( The Baroness Thatcher ) 15 1984 5 1987 18 1980 19 1980 1984 1987 17 ( 1999 ) 104 18 ( 1991 11 ) 206 207 19 80 12
1980 80 1980 1980 1980 1989 6 5 6 4 1989 1989 1992 1997 90 1997 13
20 : 1992 1997 7 1 21 1996 1997 90 20 1999 255 21 ( 1997 )104 14
22 23, ( 1989 ) 15
24 ( 1997 ) 29 16
25 ( 1997 ) 401402 26 27 3 6 ( 2000 1 ) 63 28 ( 2002 1 ) 108 109 17
29 1993 31 1997 401 403 32 ( 2002 1 ) 109 111 18
33 ( 1997 7 ) 7 19
20
36 (2)( 1984 7 ) 32 37 38 22 12 12 ( 1995 2 ) 39 12 21
( 1988 11 ) 89 40 1991 11 65 68 41 1985 42 43 (2000 7 ) 154 22
44 45 46 ( 1999 ) 111 23
47 2000 7 153154 24
150 49 48 http://www.budget.gov.hk/2002/cframe2.htm 49 ( 1999 ) 50 2000 9 2000 2001 25
2001 9 34,200 4,380 54 2001 4 5,210 670 55 2001 9 1,134 51 2000 10 52 2001 5 2000 53 54 55 26
56 2000 57 58 56 57 2001 6 1 3,237 944 2,293 2002 2001 12 58 2001 27
59 http://www.budget.gov.hk/2002/cframe2.htm 60 ( 2001 1 28
61 61 62 6 2001 29
63 ( 2001 1 ) 17 64 30
83 69 65 2001 66 Michael E.Porter ( 1999 ) 525 67 68 ( 2001 1 ) 18 69 ( 1995 2 )133 31
1992 80% 70 70 71 http://www.business.gov.hk/chinese/f0202.htm 32
73 60%70% 75 (The Association of South-east Asian Nations) 72 http://www.info.gov.hk/td/chi/transport/intro_index.html 73 http://www.business.gov.hk/chinese/f0101.htm 74 http://webserv1.discoverhongkong.com/taiwan/ 75 ( 1995 2 ) 135 33
(plywood) 1991 1997 76 45 2,400 1998 7 1 1243 80 77 76 77 1998 7 28 78 34
() 79 80 81 82 (Universal Postal Union) (World Health Organization) (Food and Agricultural Organization ) (International Civil Aviation Organization) international Telecommunication Union ) (Internationa1 Labor Organization) 79 ( : 1984 9 26 )P10 80 : 1990 4 P35 81 82 ( 1995 2 ) 123 83 ( 1995 2 ) 125 35
(International Maritime Organization) (World Meteorological Organization ) 1997 84 1997 85 84 ( ) 85 21 ( 2000 ) 36
87 (Instructions to Sir Pottinger) 89 ( 19977 ) 30 37
90 ( 1997 7 ) 28 91 ( 2000 ) 73 92 ( 2000 ) 66 93 1905 (HKLR) 100 ( 1997 7 ) 33 94 ( 1990 2 ) 38
. 96 1969 1973 95 1841 2 2 1841 1 18 1 26 1841 2 1 (Proclmation to Chinese Inhabitants) 841 2 2 ( )(Captain Elliot's proclamaton) ) 96 ( 1997 ) 89 94 39
97 ( ) 1997 7 1 ( ) ( 1995 2 ) 347 351 98 1985 (Hong Kong Act) 1986 ( ) (Hong Kong (British Nationality) Order) 1997 7 1 ( )(British National(Overseas) ( ) ( 1995 2 ) 358 40
99 ( 1997 7 ) 3 47 100 ( 1995 2 ) 58 101 ( 1995 2 ) 61 41
12 8 103 1990 4 4 7 3 104 1997 7 1 102 ( 1997 ) 57 103 103 160 104 ( 1997 ) 1 105 ( 1997 ) 2 42
106 106 1997 1 110 107 ( 1997 ) 1314 43
() 108 ( 1997 ) 1718 109 ( 1997 ) 18 22 110 ( 1997 ) 22 25 44
111 ( 1997 ) 27 34 45
112 113 ( 114 46
47 115 115 116 http://www.info.gov.hk/cso/index.htm
117 http://www.info.gov.hk/cso/index.htm 48
118 http://www.info.gov.hk/hk2000/b5/02/c02-04.htm 49
119 120 ( 2002 1 ) 74 50
121 1997( 1996 7 ) 228 122 2001 51
124 123 http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/cindex.htm 124 52
125 ( 1995 2 ) 230231 126 175 127 ( 1995 2 ) 243 53
128 ( 1995 2 ) 237 129 ( 2002 1 ) 3 54
130 131 55
135 1998 2000 132 133 134 135 2001 8 http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/cindex.htm 56
136 ( 137 2002 ( 2001 12 ) 4 138 2002 ( 2001 12 ) 5 57
139 2001 3 8%9% 1% 4%5% 19% 2% 5%15% 140 2001 2001 141 l0 139 2002 ( 2001 12 ) 5 140 141 2001 11 4 4 58
142 ; 142 2001 11 5 143 59
( ) 144 2000 2000 18% 2001 145 2001 2001 2% 146 911 144 2001 11 5 145 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/index2.html 2001 146 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/index2.html 2001 60
2000 18% 2001 10 4% 2001 9 8.5% 11% 5% 2001 147 2000 14% 2001 3 6% 148 2001 ( )2001 3 25% 360 20 ( ) 2001 3 2% 07% 2001 10 5.3% 3 53%10 33% 25.5% 2001 3-4% 2001 ( ) 2% 149 147 2001 11 4 6 148 2001 11 4 6 149 2001 11 5 61
7 ( 150 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/index2.html 151 2001 1 62
152 153 (GDP) 20 5% 4% 1999 2.9% 1998 5.1% 153 63
154 6 ( 8 1995 2000 620 670 1997 154 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/index2.html 155 64
156 http://www.tdctrade.con/ecojnforum/boc/chinese 157 http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/boc/chinese/020101c.htm 65
158 159 160 http://www.budget.gov.hk/2002/cframe2.htm 66
161 2002 3 18 B2 162 163 67
68
164 165 ( 2001 1 )18 166 ( 2002 1 ) 2223 69
70 167 8%
168 Economic Forum The causes of economic crisis ( http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum) 169 1997 170 71
10() 171 172 173 ( 2002 1 )42 174 2002 3 2 3 72
11 ( 175 2002 3 1 2 176-2001 12 http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/cindex.htm 177 73
178 179 180 2001 12 4 181 BBC 2002 01 17 74
12 ( 182 2002 3 18 A10 183 184 2002 3 19 75
185 186 http://www.hkpri.org.hk/ 187 http://www.hkpri.org.hk/ 2001 10 (8-9/10/2001) 413 (10-12/10/2001) 639 1,052 84% 83% 188 2001 2 4 76
189 2001 3-4 http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/hkcer/chinese/010301c.htm 77
190 2001 3-4 ) 191 http://www.budget.gov.hk/2002/cframe2.htm 192 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/hkinf/pub_account/fin1_index.html 78
2001 2002 2002 3 6 60% 80% 194 2006 2007 193 194 11 37 79
2002 2004 2002 10 11 195 195 11 3 7 80
196 Y. M. Yeung and Sung Yun-wing. Shanghai:Transformation and Modernization under China's Open Policy, (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1996). 197 3 10 81
198 199 Hong Kong Consumer Council, Report on Hong Kong's Private Residential PropertyMarket, Hong Kong, July 1999. 200 ( 2002 1 ) 82
201 202 203 83
204 Michael J. Enright, Edith E. Scott,David Dodwell, The Hong Kong Advantage.(Hong Kong:Oxford University Press,1997). 84
205 206 Shanghai Internet Trading and Consultancy. Investment, http:// china-window. Com / shanghai/inves /tu4.html. 85
207 Y.M. Yeung, Introduction,Shanghai:Transformation and Modernization under China s Open Policy, p.11 208 Rupert Hodder, 'Industrial Location', in Y. M. Yeung and Sung Yun-wing. Shanghai:Transformation and Modernization under China's Open Policy, (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1996). 209 Shanghai Internet Trading and Consultancy. 'Economic Structure', http://china-window.com/shanghai/shbf. 86
210 87
211 Republic of Singapore, Economic Development Board, http://www.sedb.com.sg/annual21/review.html 212 Republic of Singapore, Economic Development Board, 'Singapore's Business Climate', http://www.sedb.com.sg/biz/other/others. 213 ( 1997 ) 213214 88
215 214 ( 1997 ) 213 215 ( http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum) 216 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/index2.html 89
217 218 2002 3 18 B2 219 2002 3 12 90
220 2002 3 12 91
221 Green Paper: A Pattern of District Administration in Hong Kong (ffong Kong: Government Printer, 1980); White Paper-. District Administration in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1981). 222 http://www.democracy.org.hk/b5/index.html 92
223 2000 7 155 157 224 1989 93
225 http://www.info.gov.hk/eac/chinese/index.htm 226 ( 1999 11 ) 382 227 ( 1997 ) 69 94
228 ( 2001 ) 229 White paperdistrict Administration in Hong Kong (Hong Kong : Government Printer,1981) 230 1981 95
1997 7 1 232 24 30 6 800 231 ( ) 232 96
234 97
2 236 2000 7 153154 237 http://www.info.gov.hk/hk2000/b5/02/c02-04.htm 98
238 http://www.info.gov.hk/eac/chinese/index.htm 239 18 http://www.info.gov.hk/eac/chinese/index.htm 240 http://www.info.gov.hk/reo/chinese/organisation/index.htm 99
241 2001 242 2001 243 http://www.democracy.org.hk/b5/index.htm 100
244 list proportional representation 245 246 http://www.info.gov.hk/eac/chinese/index.htm 247 2001 152 101
18 390 2000 9 10 248 2001 98 249 2000 18 25 102
250 251 252 ; 253 250 2000 9 20 251 24 30 6 800 252 18000 2000 9 20 253 ( 2002 1 ) 6 103
104
(Huntington) (legislative clique) ; 254. Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order inchanging Societies. (New Hawn: Yale University Press, 1968), p. 413. 255 Alan R. Ball, Modern Politics and Government. (Second edition).( London: MacMillan Press, 1982), p. 75. 256 William N. Chambers, Political Parties in a New Nation. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963), p. 26. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies. p. 413, 105
257 84 1 258 2000 7 157 162 106
259 1995 108 260 ( 1997 )63 107
261 ( 1995 ) 84 262 1994 1 ( ) South China Morning Post 19 January 1995, p.17 263 ( 1995 ) 108
264 265 1999 2001 109
266, Lo Shiu-hing, The Democratic Party in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region., Round Table, no.352, 1999 267 ( 2002 1 ) 221 268 ( 2000 ) 129 110
269 ( 1995 ) 164 111
270 Lo Shiu-hing,Political Parties in a Democratizing Politic: The Role of the `Pro-China' Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong,p.23 271 ( 2002 ) 220 272 ( 1995 11 ) 112
273 ( 1995 11 ) 113
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 275 ( ). 1998 276 1998 7 1 277 () 275 276 ( 1997 ) 68 277 2002 1 114 114
278 279 278 1998 3.25 A8 279 2002 3 4 280 ( 1997 11 ) 115
281 116
282 2002 1 70 72 283 ( 2000 4 ) 148 117
284 285 286 ( 1997 7 ) 112 287 118
288 ( 2002 1 ) 114 115 289 290 ( 2000 4 ) 150 119
291 ( 2000 4 ) 292 ( 1998 )20 293 ( 1998 ) 120
294 295 121
2001 296 2002 2 28 297 2002 3 298 2007 18 1996 9 1997 18 1997 2 53%( ) 2000 8 32% 2001 11,759 25% 65% 296 http://www.info.gov.hk/eac/chinese/index.htm 297 http://www.info.gov.hk/eac/chinese/index.htm 298 3 8 122
( legitimacy ) 299 2001 1997 2 18 1997 2 24% ( ) 1998 6 47%2000 8 56% 2001 ( ) 2001 4 300 301 299 legitimacy ( ( 1999 11 )207 300 301 ( 2002 1 ) 22 24 302 123
303 304 21 ( 2000 ) 305 1997 1998 85,000 50,000 35,000 2000 306 2000 7 124
307 2002 3 18 125
308 1998 16 ( : 1997 203 ) 1999 1 29 [ ] ( ) ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 309 126
310 311 1998 7 127
128 312 313
314 315 ( 2002 1 ) 40 42 316 ( 2002 1 ) 28 129
317 1 15 318 130
319 320 2001 30 321 ( 2000 4 ) 14 9 322 ( 2002 1 ) 40 43 131
1999 323 2002 3 12 324 2002 3 18 132
325 325 19 2001 4 2002 1 2002 1 2001 4 2001 2001 90 133
134 326 326
135
327 David S.Landes ( 1999 ) 328 136
329 45 330 2000 2002 137
331 Michael E.Porter ( 1999 ) 138
Levis 334 332 Michael E.Porter ( 1999 ) 333 ( 2002 1 ) 334 Michael E.Porter ( 1999 ) 335 Economic Forum ( http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum) HSBC The causes of economic crisis April 2000 139
140
336 Michael E.Porter ( 1999 ) 141
337 338 Michael E.Porter ( 1999 ) 45 51 142
339 340 143
341 342 2002 3 10 144
343 344 345 2001 3-4 ) 145
346 3 7 11 347 http://www.budget.gov.hk/2002/cframe2.htm 146
147
348 legitimacy ( ( 1999 11 )207 148
149
150
349 (RDahl) polyarchy ( 2000 8 ) 350 351 ( 2002 1 ) 134 151
1995 1999 2000 1,491.1 (+19.2) 1,392.7 (-2.5) 1,658.0 (+19.0) 231.7 (+4.3) 170.6 (-9.5) 181.0 (+6.1) 1,112.5 (+17.4) 1,178.4 (+1.7) 1,391.7 (+18.1) 1,344.1 (+14.9) 1,349.0 (+0.1) 1,572.7 (+16.6) 2,835.2 (+17.1) 2,741.7 (-1.3) 3,230.7 (+17.8) -147.0-43.7-85.3 9.9 3.1 5.1 5.6 (%) 152
2 2001 1 9 ( ) ( 11,118.22 ) 55%(+1%) 24%(-8%) 15%(-9%) 2%(-5%) 1%(+19) 1%(-2%) 1%(-4%) 1%(-15%) 2002 2 3 2001 1 9 ( ) ( 11,118.22 )( ) 36% 12% 6% 5% 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 28% (-0.8%) (-4%) 2001 153
4 1997 2001 ( %) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 0.7-5.8 2.8 13.7 3.6 1.0-3.0 5.6 13.8 6.2-14.7-23.4-4.1 10.2 5.6 14.0 7.9 5.2 12.7 2.1 9.1-8.0 0.4 19.4-2.1 3 2001 1990 1995 1998 1999 ** ** 154
155 ** ** 6 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/index2.html
156 7 http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/chinese/hkstat/hkinf/ext_trade/trade4_index.html
8 157
158 9
2001 12 13 11 159
12 52.3 50.7 63.5 53.3 74.8 73.6 68.8 69.8 60.7 60.2 53.9 51.5 69.4 59.0 36.5 27.9 71.5 65.6 62.5 59.5 107.0 108.0 125.9 125.0 109.7 109.7 120.1 116.2 68.9 64.2 76.1 62.0 93.8 82.3 77.5 75.0 83.8 88.5 160 89.8 89.5
82.5 84.6 77.1 75.1 1996 2000 2001 (b) (a) + (b) 161
14 () () () (1998-2000) (2000-2004) 20 24 30 30 10 60 6 60 15 162
163 214
164
2001 5 2001 4 80.4 88.6 83.3 93.7 89.5 99.4 109.1 118.1 99.5 102.4 77.6 70.2 91.3 96.5 74.6 74.7 83.9 88.0 86.3 91.4 89.4 90.6 165
1999 2000 8 1998 11 2000 8 21 2000 2001 2001 1 1997 1995 2 2000 8 2000 8 1995 1 1998 8 (2) 1984 7 1997 3 1998 7 1996 20 1995 12 166
1993 5 1997 1998 4 1995 4 1995 2 2000 1 1999 11 2002 1 1997 11 40 1987 2000, 1989 2002 1 2000 2002 1 2002 1 1999 1988 11 1995 11 167
1995 12 1991 11 1997 1996 7 1997 7 1990 2 1990 8 1994 2001 1998 1999 1997 7 1998 1997 1999 1999 1997 1997 168
1997 1997 1995 1998 1997 1 2000 4 2000 7 2001 2001 1998 1998 1997 1997 2001 1 2002 2001 12 169
http://www.info.gov.hk/eac/chinese/index.htm Economic Forum http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/cindex.htm http://www.info.gov.hk/hkecon/welcome/index_c.htm http://www.democracy.org.hk/b5/index.html http://www.mingpaonews.com/20020105 170
http://www.hkpri.org.hk/ http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/electronic/chin-banking.htm http://www.octs.org.hk/ http://www.info.gov.hk/basic_law/c-front.htm http://www.info.gov.hk/emb/ http://www.hsi.com.hk/ Norman, Miners, The Government and Politics of Hong Kong.Hong Kong : Oxford University Press, 1991. Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in changing Societies.New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968. Ball, Alan R., Modern Politics and Government. London: MacMillan Press, 1982). Chambers,William N., Political Parties in a New Nation.New York:OxfordUniversity Press, 1963. Lo, Shiu-hing, The Democratic Party in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong,Union Press, 1999 Frankfort-Nachmias,Chava and David Nachmias, Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London: St. Martin `s Press, 1997. Lo,Shi-Kai, Indicators of Social Development.Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong,2001. 171
Lau, Siu-Kai, Society and Politics in Hong Kong. Hong Kong:The Chinese University Press,1982. Lo,Shiu-Hing, Governing Hong Kong :Legitimacy, Communication and Political Decay. New York : Nova Science 2001. Dimbleby, Jonathan, The Last Governor :Chris Pattern and the Handover of Hong Kong. London:Little, Brown and Company,1997. Patten, Chris, East and West. London: Macillan,1998 So,Alvin Y., Hong Kong s Embattled Democracy.Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press,1999. Cheung, B. L.,and Jane C. Y. Lee,Public Sector Reform in Hong Kong into the 21 st Century. Hong Kong :The Chinese University Press,2001. Breslin,Harrop and Shaun,Comparative Government and Politics. An Introduction. London: Macmillan,1994. Sodaro, Michael J., Comparative Politics: A Global Introduction. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Lee, Pui-tak, Hong Kong Reintegrating with China: Political, Cultural and Social Dimensions.Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press,2001. Lee, Peter N.S., Haruhiro Fu Kui, Informal Politics in East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law. London : Cavendish,1995. Scott, Ian, Poloitical Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong. Hong Kong : Oxford University Press,1989. Enright, Michael J.,Edith E. Scott,David Dodwell, The Hong Kong Advantage.Hong Kong:Oxford University Press,1997. 172