( )
( ) ( ) :
ZN/P ( * / ) ( )
/ 1. ( ) 2. ( )
LPG
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
NEUTRALDI STILLATES WAXYRAFFI NATES DEWAXED OILS FINISHEDS TOCKOILS Vac Tower Solvent Extraction Solvent Dewaxing Clayor Hydroge n Finish Aromatic Extract Wax Vac Solvent De Asphalt Asphalt PD Raff
...
/ ( )
- 90~100 15 ~ 6, 150SN 400SN 500SN 150BS 4cSt(100 ) 30cSt(100 )
Aviation Oils Industrial Oils Refrigerant Oils α (PAO) Engine Oils,Industrial Industrial-Fire Resistant Fluids Industrial Heat Transfer Oils
( ) ( : P cp ) ( cst mm 2 /s) = / / /
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
(KV) : cst( )
cst 10000 SAE15W/40 SAE15W-40 1000 500 100 50 20 10 5 SAE50 SAE40 SAE30 SAE20W SAE15W SAE10W 2-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ( )
(VI) ASTM D2270
ASTM D92 (COC) (PMCC)
ASTM D97 3 C -21 C ( ) -24 C
(COC) (PMCC) Total Acid Number-TAN,, 1 KOH Total Base Number-TBN,, 1 KOH
775 (min) ( ) 0.03% ppm
1909T
1. (L) 3. 2. 4. (R)
1. (L) 3. 2. 4. (R)
10:1 14-20:1 14.6:1 ( ) 2000-7000rpm 1000-5000rpm
T M T M E E L 1. T E T 2. T L 3. 4. T N T M E
1. L R 2. 3. 4.
( )
1. 2. 3. 4
( ) SAE ( SAE) SAE SAE 0W,5W,10W,15W,20W, 25W, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 11 SAE 0W SAE60 SAE 10W/40 0 SAE 10W 100 SAE40 SAE
( ) SAE Society of Automotive Engineer SAE 0W 5W 10W 15W 20W 25W 20 30 40 50 60 100 C SAE 70W 75W 80W 85W 90 140 250
ACEA Association des Constructeurs Européens de l Automobile = Association of European Automotive Manufacturers ILSAC International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee JASO Japan Automobile Standards organization OEM E.g. VW, MB, Volvo, Cummins, Porsche, BMW etc.
Formula 7700 Full Synthetic API SL/CF SAE 5W/40 ACEA A3-96/B3 96/B3-96 VW 500.00/505.00 MB229.1
( ) SAE (100 C ) 150 C ( C) ( C) (cp) (cp) 0W 3250 at -30 30,000 at -35 3.8-5W 3500 at -25 30,000 at -30 3.8-10W 3500 at -20 30000 at -25 4.1-15W 3500 at -15 30000 at -20 5.6-20W 4500 at -10 30000 at -15 5.6-25W 6000 at -5 30000 at -10 9.3-20 - - 5.6 <9.3 2.6 30 - - 9.3 <12.5 2.9 40 - - 12.5 <16.3 2.9 50 - - 16.3 <21.9 3.7 60 - - 21.9 <26.1 3.7
API API API(American Petroleum Institute) API API SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ,SL, SA SL API CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CF-2, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 CA CI-4
( ) ( ) 200-350 C
API SA SB SC 64 67 SD 68 70 SE 72 SF 80 SG 89 SH SJ SG CMA 92 CMA( ) SH 96 SL 2001
API (C) (S) API SA SB SC SE SF CD/SF SG SH SH/CF SJ CA CB CC CD CD-II CE CF CF-2 CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4
API S S * API American Petroleum Institute SH SJ SL SG SF SD* SE* SA* SB* SC* 1950 64 68 72 80 89 92 96 2000
API CA CB CC 1961 CD 1965 CE 1983 CF 1984 CF-4 1990 CG-4 1994 CH-4 1998 CI-4 2002
API C C CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4 CE CF CA* CB* CC* CD 1949 55 61 65 83 84 90 94 98 2002 *
ISO International Standardization Organization 40 C ISOVG 2 3 5 7 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000
SO 2,SO 3,H 2 SO 4
JASO----Japanese Automobile Standards Organization JASO FB FC API TB TC FA TA
API (API) : API TA TB TC TC
United Super 500 Formula 7700 United MP Grease Super 2T United HD GL-5 United ATF 2000 Super Brake Fluid NE Antifreeze Racing 4T NE Flushing Oil
SAE SAE 150000cP (@100 ) 70W -55 4.1-75W -40 4.1-80W -26 7.0-85W -12 11.0-90 - 13.5 < 24.0 140-24.0 < 41.0 250-41.0 -
API API GL-1 GL-2 GL-3 GL-4 GL-5 40,000-100,000km 20,000-40,000km EP ZDTP ZDTP /
(ATF)
(ATF) (ATF) ATF 7 mm 2 /s (100 C ) T S I S T I
(ATF) /
(ATF) X
(ATF)
(ATF) GM ( ) FORD ( ) 1949 TYPE A 1957 TYPE A SUFFIX A 1959 M2C33-A/B 1961 M2C33-C/D 1967 DEXRON M2C33-F 1972 M2C33-G 1973 DEXRON - II 1974 M2C138-CJ 1981 M2C166-H 1987 MERCON 1991 DEXRON - IID 1992 NEW MERCON 1993 DEXRON - III
/
NHTSA FMVSS 116 DOT 3 DOT 4 Super DOT4 DOT 5 DOT 5.1 SAE J1703 ISO 4925 BRAKE FLUID DOT4
0 1 2 3 4 (%) 5 ( ) 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 ( ) 250 DOT 5 200 150 DOT 4 DOT 3
: NHTSA FMVSS 116 DOT 3 4 5 DOT 3 DOT 4 DOT 5,, 205 230 260,, 140 155 180 40, cst, 1500 1800 900 SAE J1703 ISO 4925
Antifreeze
80%~87% 8%~15% 5%
(,,,, ).,,,,,,