第一章民意調查和民眾 2002 2003 1999 Barak Stanley Greenberg 1992 Nagourney, 2000
解讀民意調查 民調的重要性 Benjamin Ginsberg
第一章民意調查和民眾 民調的普及 CBS New York Times ABC Washington Post NBC Wall Street Journal News Week Princeton Survey Research Associates Time CNN Yankelovich Partners Inc. Harris Interactive U.S. News and World Report Tarrance Group Lake Sosin Snell and Associates 1995 2003 2001 2002 2003
解讀民意調查 ABC ghoulish 2003 Lawrence v. Texas 2000 1 31 Cheers 1993 Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press Sam Diane Rebecca Mills, 1993 Eyewitness News ABC World Series WCBS-TV
第一章民意調查和民眾 Rutgers Eagleton Newark Star-Ledger Public Opinion Quarterly Public Perspective 1,000 1,500 2 委託民調 1984 Commissioned Polls Sussman, 1984b
解讀民意調查 Sussman 1985c Union of Concerned Scientists The National Right to Work Committee the Religious Coalition for Abortion Rights 2002 State of the Nation Public Opinion Research Survey GOP 30 1990 GOP Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 1 GOP Grand Old Party
第一章民意調查和民眾 2003 Democratic Leadership Survey The American Association for Public Opinion Research, AAPOR FRUGing fund-raising under the guise of surveying The Committee Against Government Waste National Right to Work Committee Sierra Club Ted Kennedy Walter Mondale Gary Hart George McGovern
解讀民意調查 Mario Cuomo Jimmy Carter National Democratic Party Fairness in Media Tanya Metaksa National Rifle Association Newt Gingrich Handgun Control National Rifle Association 418,000 1 Action on Smoking and Health
第一章民意調查和民眾 Orton 1982 pseudopolls Straw Polls 1992 CBS America on the Line CBS Morin, 1992a 1990 Times Mirror 1993 Kohut, 1993 Postal Customer Sussman 1985g Morin 1987 Shere Hite
10 解讀民意調查 Abigail Van Buren Dear Abby Squires and Morin, 1987; Smith, 1988 Hite 100,000 4,500 4.5% 200,000 Smith, 1988 Hite 1,500 Hite Smith 1988 1970 1970 Redbook Cosmopolitan 1980 Playboy 1990 The Advocate 2% 100,000 13,000 Lever, 1994: 18