ISSN 1994-9766 NCC NEWS 8 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 第10卷 第4期 月號 中華民國105年8月出刊 http://www.ncc.gov.tw 頭條故事 本會卸 新任主任委員交接典禮紀實 國家頻譜的秩序守護新世代電波監測之挑戰與規劃 專欄話題 軟體定義無線電技術應用於電波監測系統之探討 今天訊號通不通-太空天氣與無線電波通訊 會務側寫 電波監測系統對防範電子舞弊勤務效率之提升 NCC無線電波監測系統之發展與運作成效
NCC NEWS 105 8 10 4 CONTENTS 01 04 11 15-886-2-3343-8798 10052 50 www.ncc.gov.tw 886-2-2365-0908 21 24 NCC 32-104 209 1 886-2-2518-0207 32 3 886-4-2221-0237 1102 www.ncc.gov.tw GPN 2009600628 ISSN 1994-9766 NCC News http //www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/vote.aspx?site_content_ sn=378 100 96.4.28
HEADLINE NEWS 105 7 31 4 4 29 7 58 1 8 1 9 30 5 100 8 01
NCC NEWS Queen Mary and Westfield College / / 105 8 1 109 7 314 2 105 8 1 107 7 312 90 (4G) ( ) 99 105 8 1 107 7 312 02 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
HEADLINE NEWS 100 (Fulbright) 105 8 1 109 7 314 4 A+ 105 8 1 109 7 314 101 103 105 8 1 109 7 314 8 03
NCC NEWS 91 36 10kHz 2.7GHz 04 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
1 1 91 1 1 FM AM 8 05 HEADLINE NEWS
NCC NEWS 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 06 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
HEADLINE NEWS VPN: virtual private network VPN 3G/4G M-VPN 2 4. Fixed Monitoring Station 1. 1 MF/HF/VHF/UHF 2 VHF/UHF 3 4 5 2. 3 2 1. 3 2. 3 3. 3. AOA Angle of Arrival TDOA Time Difference of Arrival 4. 5. UPS 8 07
NCC NEWS 6. 1 10 5 2 3 Remote Monitoring Sensor 1. 1 MF/HF/VHF/UHF 2 VHF/UHF 3 4 5 2.4 3. TDOA 4. Mobile Monitoring Station 1. 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 SHF 2. 3 1 1 a. VHF/UHF b. VHF/UHF c. d. e. 2 2 a. MF/HF/VHF/UHF b. VHF/UHF 4 c. d. e. f. 3 3 a. SHF b. SHF c. 08 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
HEADLINE NEWS d. e. 3. 5 6 5 4. 5. AOA TDOA Transportable Monitoring Station 1. 1 VHF/UHF 2 VHF/UHF 3 4 5 6AOA TDOA 2. 6 Replication Agent Transaction log RS Server Replication Server, RS RS Server Virtual MachineRS Server 8 09
NCC NEWS 7 AM TDMA Time Division Multiple Access CDMA Code Division Multiple Access OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Shannon AMPS 30 khz GSM 200 khzumts 5 MHz 7 TDOA TDOA TDOA Fiber 4G TDOA AOA TDOA FM LTE 20 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 3GMHz SHF [1] S. Dera, H. Mazar, R. B. Woolsey, O. Pellay, M. Al-Sawafi, A. Pavlyuk, and P. Tomka, ITU- Spectrum Monitoring Handbook. Switzerland Geneva, 2011. 10 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
COLUMN STORY [1] 10 Software Defined Radio: SDR SDR Mitola 1992 [2] 20 SDR 1 SDR 1 SDR [3] analog-to-digital converter: ADC ADC 8 11
NCC NEWS SDR Field-programmable gate array: FPGA SDR RTL2832U dongle 2 Realtek RTL2832U [4] USB2.0 8 I/Q 3.2MS/s 25MHz -1.7GHz SDR USRP Universal Software Radio Peripheral B200 [5] 3 USRPSDR USB3.0 12 I/Q 61.44 MS/s 70MHz-6GHz Windows Linux API Application Programming Interface SDR SDR1 6GHz 2 -RTL2832U dongle 3 -USRP B200 1 MHz HackRF Mike Ossmann ADC bits MS/s 30-6000 20 8 RX / TX BladeRF nuand 300-3800 40 12 RX / TX AirSpy SDRSharp 24-1800 10 12 RX USRP B200 Ettus 70-6000 61.44 12 RX / TX RTL2832u Realtek 25-1700 3.2 8 RX 4 -GNU Radio Companion SDR GNU Radio SDR Linux [6] GNU Radio 4 RTL-SDR Source SDR 4 SDR GNU Radio 4 Fast Fourier Transform, FFT AM FM FSK QPSK QAM OFDM FFT 12 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
COLUMN STORY SDR 7FM station frequency SDR SDR SDR SDR 5 [3] TCP/IP SDR RTL dongle I/Q GNU radio 6 SDR 7 5 8 9 [3] SDRUSRP B200 10 SDR 6 SDR 7 [3] 2MHz3 96.3MHz 97.1MHz 97.9MHz 97.1MHz 8 19kHz pilot signal 0-15kHz R+L 23-53kHzR-L 6 audio sink 11 [7] 2 channel 26 542-548MHz channel 28 554-560MHz 12 channel 28 13 64QAM 14 9 8 13
NCC NEWS 14 10 11 SDR RTL2832U USRP B200 SDR SDR SDR SDR 1-2 SDR 12 13 [1] International Telecommunications Union, Handbook: spectrum monitoring, 2011. [2] J. Mitola, "Software radios-survey, critical evaluation and future directions" National Telesystems Conference, 1992, DOI: 10.1109/NTC.1992.267870. [3] Wen-Tzu Chen, Ku-Tung Chang, and Chung-Pao Ko, "Spectrum monitoring for wireless TV and FM broadcast using software-defined radio" Multimedia Tools and Applications, published online in July, 2015, DOI: 10.1007/s11042-015-2764-5. [4] Realtek Semiconductor Corp. [Online]. Available: http://www.realtek.com. tw/. [5] Ettus Research LLC. [Online]. Available: http://www.ettus.com/products/. [6] GNU Radio. [Online]. Available: http://gnuradio.org/. [7] 2015. 14 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
COLUMN STORY - 18 Michael Faraday James Clerk Maxwell Heinrich Hertz Nikola Tesla 1901 Guglielmo Marconi 1902 Oliver Heaviside Arthur E. Kennelly 1926 Robert Watson-Watt ionosphere Edward V. Appleton 80 X ionization 8 15
NCC NEWS critical frequency Ionosonde Ionogram troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere 4 D E F 3 D60 80 10 4 #/cm 3 E 90 120 10 11 #/cm 3 120 F 10 12 #/ cm 3 F F 1 F 2 D E D E F F F F 3 30 MHz Maximum Usable Frequency, MUF 85% Frequency of Optimum Traffic, FOT 10MHz 8.5MHz International 16 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
COLUMN STORY Reference Ionosphere model Universal Time, UT 10 6 12 2 solar flare 8 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA GOES X X 0.1 0.8 nm X D D D F D D NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center D D region Radio Absorption Prediction, DRAP GOES X D 8 17
NCC NEWS 1dB D plasma bubble ionospheric irregularity traveling ionospheric disturbance scintillation Global Navigation System Satellite, GNSS Global Positioning System, GPS Galileo GLONASS GNSS 18 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
COLUMN STORY 專欄話題 查看今天的太空天氣有沒有劇烈變化 萬一通訊或定 位的過程中 受到嚴重的干擾而出現異常時 也別慌 張地檢查設備有異常 說不定此時正有著劇烈地太空 天氣變化影響著你 圖1 無線電波在大氣中傳播 可能會穿透大氣層 也可能會被 電離層反射而傳播至更為遙遠的距離 訊號發射的角度與 功率 電離層的濃度等等 都是影響電波傳播的關鍵 資料來源 NOAA 圖2 透過電離層探測儀所記錄的電離圖 圖為2006年1月18日世 界時07時觀測到的臺灣地區電子濃度分布 電離圖中之高 度稱為虛高 是假設無線電波以光速傳播 並藉由自發射 後到電波反射被接收所需的時間差所得到的反射面高度 圖3 地球大氣層與電離層的分層示意圖 左側為中性氣體密度 與按照溫度變化的大氣分層 右側則為日間與夜間的電離 層分層情況 圖4 無線電通訊與電離層反射各波段示意圖 實際反射條件與 發射傾角 電離層電子濃度分布有關 圖5 利用臺灣福爾摩沙衛星三號電離層掩星觀測資料 透過每 三個月累積的觀測資料所得到之全球電離層最大電子濃度 隨地磁緯度與當地時間的分布狀態與隨季節之變化 8月號 19
NCC NEWS 6 R. E. Collin, Antennas and Radiowav Propagation, McGraw-Hill, 1985 9 NOAA GOES-13 GOES-15 X-ray NOAA/SWPC 7 NASA SOHO Solar and Heliospheric Observatory 2012 07 12 19.1 NASA&ESA/SOHO 10 NOAA SWPC D 2016 02 17 13 20MHz NOAA/SWPC 8 NASA SOHO Solar and Heliospheric Observatory 2003 10 28 X17.2 NASA&ESA/SOHO 20 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
NCC LOCOMOTION 1 2 1 2 8 21
NCC NEWS 6 3 3 6 4 7 4 5 7 5 8 9 22 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
NCC LOCOMOTION 98 9910 11 8 9 10 98 11 99 8 23
NCC NEWS NCC 34 5 15 3 3 1 3 14 6 24 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
NCC LOCOMOTION 3 1 5 95 1 315 3 2 3 1. 10 KHz ~ 2.7 GHz 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Audio Matrix 2 4 8 25
NCC NEWS 8. 17 6 7 8 5 9. 7 8 6 1. 20 MHz ~ 3 GHz 2. 26 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
NCC LOCOMOTION 5. 9 3. 12 6. 10 4. 7. 8. 9. 11 8 27
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 13 HF 14 28 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION NCC NEWS
NCC LOCOMOTION 1. 1500 1 3 34 24 1. 15 2. 2. 17 16 8 29
NCC NEWS 1 91~102 91 193 193 92 74 267 93 53 320 94 96 416 95 70 486 96 139 625 97 171 796 98 105 901 99 98 999 100 34 1033 101 18 1051 102 1 1052 90 1 102 3 5 1500150 30 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
NCC LOCOMOTION 2 98~104 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 8009 19740 21473 21454 22648 22630 21059 2392 6990 6912 6489 6291 6312 6391 4017 11296 11032 10796 10535 10623 10711 1287 1327 1221 1067 894 882 896 57 68 43 29 30 29 23 14 7 1 0 2 0 1 296 640 439 758 317 353 523 31 53 94 91 86 77 70 96783 183741 215915 197250 382578 381521 473687 3 1008KHZ - 102/5/21-101/6/28~7/4 17916KHZ - 101/4/3~4/21 11384.8KHZ - 100/11/17 13.3MHZ - 99/6/2~6/9 14.1515MHZ 14.32MHZ - 97/9/17 97/10/27 14~14.35MHZ - 97/6/17~7/21 837KHZ - 97/2/15~3/5 18.16MHZ - 96/5/14~5/30 11.56MHZ - 94/9/19~9/26 15.68MHZ - 94/8/22~8/28 8 31
NCC NEWS 105.7.1-105.7.31 5 7 601 4 65467 105 7 6 2 3 5 7 375 4 654721 105 7 13 2 5 (APP) 5 7 324 4 654844 105 7 20 HD WAKUWAKU JAPAN 49 1 67 3 1 32 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
NCC LOCOMOTION 105 7 20 20 1 20 1 New generic Top Level Domains, New gtlds 5 20 7 5 20 1 702 4G 105 7 27 5 7 105 7 26 1,0934 6549 26 8 33
01489 1 1 0 2 ISSN : 1994-9766 1005250 886-2-33437377 http://www.ncc.gov.tw GPN 2009600628 100