AdvisorDr.Lih-jih Wang The Study of Vegetation Ecological in the Mosok Watershed,Northeastern taiwan ByLung-Hsiang Chien June,2002 I
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This is a study of natural vegetation types on Masok watershed. Located at northeastern corner of Taiwan and within the northeast climatic region,its forest types are under under influences from coastal to inland climate conditions. Based on 47 sample plots,using 8 environmental factors and TWINSPAN,data analysis implies that altitude and distance to the sea mainly affect the vegetation differentiation.the vegetation types can divided into 6 main vegetation types and 7 subtypes, as in the following: Eurya emarginatawedelia biflora type Machilus thunbergiialpinia intermedia typearandia canthioides Dicranopteris linearis subtypebmachilus thunbergiipsychotria rubra Alpinia intermedia subtypequercus sessifoliablastus cochinchinensis Cyathea podophyllasubtypemyrsine sequiniiquercus sessifolia Selaginella doederleinii subtype Ardisia sieboldiiselaginella doederleinii typeapsychotria rubra Machilus thunbergii Nephrolepis biserrata subtypeb Ardisia sieboldii Machilus kusanoi Selaginella doederleinii subtypeeurya chinensis Machilus thunbergii Elatostema lineolatum subtype Acer insularepolygonum chinense type Eurya crenatifolia Miscanthus floridulus type Mallotus paniculatuscyathea lepifera type The sample plots are ranged from northeast coast to Wuchihshan in the brim of Taipei Basin.Without wide gaps between the altitudes, there is a multiplicity of vegetation. The survey focuses on the effects caused by the NE monsoon and distance to the sea. The result can be used to evaluate the potential vegetation of the area studied and neighboring areas and add a part to the whole picture of that in Taiwan. There are some unique specie occurred in the study area because of the influences of haman disturbance and northest monsoon.long term observation on successions in these areas can give useful suggestion on the ecological recovery in YNP.Coastal revegetation and rare plants investigation. Key WordMasok watershed, vegetation analtsis, rare plants VI
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TWINSPAN OTUs Kent Coker,1992 DCA 3 DCA TWINSPAN DCA dca 60 Axis 2 40 20 0 0 40 80 Axis 1 15
DCA 4 r r dca dca 60 60 Axis 2 40 20 0 Axis 2 40 20 0 20 912 0 40 80 Axis 1 0 4 8 0 40 80 Axis 1 Alt 912 dis Axis 1 r =.521tau =.218 Axis 2 r = -.344tau = -.288 Axis 1 r =.178tau =.098 Axis 2 r = -.494tau = -.409 8 4 20 0 1 2 16
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Eurya emarginatawedelia biflora type TWINSPAN Pittosporum tobira Eurya emarginata Rhaphiolepis indica var umbellata Symplocos paniculata Scaevola sericea Sageretia theezans var theezans Wedelia biflora Sphenomeris biflora Peucedanum japonicum Machilus thunbergii Hibiscus syriacus Psychotria rubra Zanthoxylum nitidum 18
Machilus thunbergiialpinia intermedia type a Randia canthioidesdicranopteris linearis subtype Machilus thunbergii (Ardisia sieboldii Acronychia pedunculata Castanopsis cuspidata Quercus glauca Dicranopteris linearis Alpinia intermedia Tectaria harlandii Hypolytrum nemorum Lophatherum gracile Pellionia radicans Nephrolepis biserrata Freycccinetia formosana Cyclosorus triphyllus Carex cruciata 19
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b Machilus thunbergiipsychotria rubra Alpinia intermedia subtype Myrsine sequinii Cleyera japonica Cinnamomum macrostemon 42 Cyathea podophylla Sarcandra glabra Sabia swinhoei Kadsura japonica Arenga engleri Callicarpa kochiana 21
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Quercus sessifolia Blastus cochinchinensiscyathea podophyllasubtype Quercus sessifolia Blastus cochinchinensis Cyathea podophylla Quercus salicina 23
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Myrsine sequinii Quercus sessifoliaselaginella doederleinii subtype Syzygiun buxifolium Rhododenron rubropunctatum Trochodendron araliodes Rhododendron mariesii Plagiogyria rankanensis Diplopterygium chinense Vaccinium wrightii Engelhardtia roxburghiana 25
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(Ardisia sieboldiiselaginella doederleinii type) a Psychotria rubra Machilus thunbergii Nephrolepis biserrata subtype dwind pressure Alpinia intermedia Alocasia macrorrhiza Pronephrium triphyllum Diplazium subinuatum Diplazium donianum Planchonella obovata 27
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b (Ardisia sieboldii Machilus kusanoi Selaginella doederleinii subtype) 111216 32 7 410635 535 Machilus japonica var. kusanoi Premna microphylla 12 Lchnanthus vicinus Arachniodes rhomboides Elatostema lineolatum Sarcandra glabra Lycopodium hamiltonii Botrychium formosanum Osmunda banksiaefolia Osmunda japonica 29
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Eurya chinensismachilus thunbergii Elatostema lineolatum subtype 91540 45 45 7 425615 3045 Ficus fistulosa Elatostema lineolatum Diplazium dilatatum Curculigo capitulata 31
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(Acer insularepolygonum chinense type) Acer insulare Prunus phaeosticta Polygonum chinense Tripterospermum alutaceofolium Ilex asprella Pliea aquarum Tetrastigma formosanum Diplazium virescens 33
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Eurya crenatifolia Miscanthus floridulus type Melastoma candidum Rhododendron oldhamii Rubus Polygonatum cyrtonema Smilax china Dicranopteris linearis Hypolepis punctata 35
Mallotus paniculatuscyathea lepifera type succession Mallotus paniculatus Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum 36
DCA 3 DCA DCA 7 r r 7 dca dca Axis 2 60 40 20 Axis 2 60 40 20 44 876 Alt Axis 1 r =.753tau =.509 Axis 2 r = -.342tau = -.300 0 876 0 40 80 Axis 1 0 4 8 dis Axis 1 r =.695 tau =.503 Axis 2 r = -.360 tau = -.275 0 8 4 0 40 80 Axis 1 0 44 1 2 37
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Boyce,S.G. 1954 The salt spray communuty. Ecological Monographs 24:29-67 Clark, D. B., M. W. Palmer, and D. A. Clark. 1999 Edaphic factors and the landscape-scale distributions of tropical rain forest trees. Ecology 808 2662-2675 Coutts, M. P. J. Grace 1995 Wind and Tree. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 485pp. Gauch, H. G. 1982 University Press, Huang, T. C. et al. 1993 Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge Cambridge. 298pp. Flora of Taiwan volume second edition. Editorial Committee of Flora of Taiwan. 1084pp. Huang, T. C. et al. 1994 Flora of Taiwan volume second edition. Editorial Committee of Flora of Taiwan. 648pp. Huang, T. C. et al. 1996 Flora of Taiwan volume second edition. Editorial Committee of Flora of Taiwan. 855pp. 50
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Su, H.J. 1994 Species diversity of forest plants in Taiwan. Biodiversity and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica Monograph Series No. 14,pp.87-98. Tanner, E. V. J. and V. Kapos. 1982 Leaf structure of Jamaican upper montane rain forest. Biotropica 14:16-24 Walter, H 1979 Vegetation of the Earth and ecological systems of the geobiosphere 2 nd ed Springer-Verlag. N.Y., U.S.A 1. Pteridophyte 1. Adiantaceae 1. Adiantum diaphanum Blume 2. Adiantum flabellulatum L. 2. Aspidiaceae 3. Ctenitis subglandulosa (Hance) Ching 4. Hemigramme decurrens (Hook.) Copel. 5. Tectaria decurrens (Presl) Copel. 6. Tectaria phaeocaulis (Rosenst.) C. Chr. 3. Aspleniaceae 7. Asplenium cataractarum Rosenst 8. Asplenium cheilosorum Kunze ex Mett. 9. Asplenium ensiforme Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. 10. Asplenium nidus L. 11. Asplenium wrightii Eaton 4. Athyriaceae 12. Diplazium dilatatum Blume 13. Diplazium donianum (Mett.) Tard.-Blot 14. Diplazium mettenianum (Miq.) C. Chr. 15. Diplazium subsinuatum (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Tagawa 52
5. Blechnaceae 16. Blechnum orientale L. 17. Woodwardia kempii Copel. 18. Woodwardia orientalis Sw. 6. Cheiropleuriaceae 19. Cheiropleuria bicuspis (Blume) Presl 7. Cyatheaceae 20. Alsophila metteniana Hance 21. Alsophila podophylla Hook. 22. Alsophila spinulosa (Hook.) Tryon 23. Sphaeropteris lepifera (Hook.) Tryon 8. Dennstaedtiaceae 24. Dennstaedtia scabra (Wall.) Moore 25. Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm. 26. Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Merr. 27. Microlepia hookeriana (Wall.) Presl 28. Microlepia krameri Kuo 29. Microlepia marginata (Panzer) C. Chr. var. bipinnata Makino 30. Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore 31. Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) Presl 9. Dicksoniaceae 32. Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. 10. Dipteridaceae 33. Dipteris conjugata Reinw. 11. Dryopteridaceae 34. Arachniodes aristata (Forst.) Tindle 35. Arachniodes pseudo-aristata (Tagawa) Ohwi 36. Arachniodes rhomboides (Wall.) Ching 37. Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) Presl 38. Dryopteris sordidipes Tagawa 39. Dryopteris varia (L.) Ktze. 12. Equisetaceae 40. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. 13. Gleicheniaceae 53
41. Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Under. 42. Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Under. var. tetraphylla (Rosenst.) Nakai 43. Diplopterygium chinensis (Rosenst.) DeVol 14. Hymenophyllaceae 44. Vandenboschia orientalis (C. Chr.) Ching 15. Lindsaeaceae 45. Lindsaea orbiculata (Lam.) Mett. 46. Lindsaea orbiculata (Lam.) Mett. var. commixta (Tagawa) Kramer 47. Sphenomeris biflora (Kaulf.) Tagawa 48. Sphenomeris chusana (L.) Copel. 16. Lomariopsidaceae 49. Bolbitis subcordata (Copel.) Ching 50. Egenolfia appendiculata (Willd.) J. Sm. 17. Lycopodiaceae 51. Lycopodium cernuum L. 52. Lycopodium hamiltonii Spring 18. Marattiaceae 53. Angiopteris lygodiifolia Rosenst. 19. Oleandraceae 54. Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen 55. Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott 56. Nephrolepis hirsutula (Forst.) Presl 20. Ophioglossaceae 57. Botrychium daucifolium (Wall.) Hook. & Grev. 21. Osmundaceae 58. Osmunda banksiaefolia (Pr.) Kuhn 59. Osmunda japonica Thunb. 22. Polypodiaceae 60. Colysis elliptica (Thunb.) Ching 61. Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel. 62. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum Presl 63. Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching 64. Microsorium buergerianum (Miq.) Ching 65. Microsorium pteropus (Blume) Copel. 54
66. Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. 23. Psilotaceae 67. Psilotum nudum (L.) Beave. 24. Pteridaceae 68. Pteris dispar Kunze 69. Pteris ensiformis Burm. 70. Pteris fauriei Hieron. 71. Pteris semipinnata L. 25. Schizaeaceae 72. Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. 26. Selaginellaceae 73. Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston 74. Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. 75. Selaginella leptophylla Bak. 76. Selaginella mollendorffii Hieron. 77. Selaginella remotifolia Spring 27. Thelypteridaceae 78. Christella acuminata (Houtt.) Lev. 79. Christella dentata (Forsk.) Brownsey & Jermy 80. Christella parasitica (L.) Lev. 81. Dictyocline griffithii Moore var. wilfordii (Hook.) Moore 82. Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching 83. Parathelypteris japonica (Bak.) Ching 84. Phegopteris decursive-pinnata (van Hall) Fee 85. Pronephrium triphyllum (Sw.) Holtt. 86. Pseudocyclosorus esquirolii (Christ) Ching 28. Vittariaceae 87. Vittaria angusto-elongata Hayata 2. Gymnosperm 29. Podocarpaceae 88. Nageia nagi (Thunb.) O. Ktze. 89. Podocarpus nakaii Hayata 55
3. Dicotyledon 30. Acanthaceae 90. Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek. 91. Codonacanthus pauciflorus Nees 92. Staurogyne concinnula (Hance) Ktze. 31. Aceraceae 93. Acer kawakamii Koidz. 94. Acer serrulatum Hayata 32. Actinidiaceae 95. Actinidia latifolia (Gardn. & Champ.) Merr. 96. Saurauja oldhamii Hemsl. 33. Annonaceae 97. Fissistigma glaucescens (Hance) Merr. 98. Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr. 34. Apiaceae 99. Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. 35. Apocynaceae 100. Ecdysanthera rosea Hook. & Arn. 101. Formosia benthamiana (Hemsl.) Pichon 102. Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. f. 36. Aquifoliaceae 103. Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arn.) Champ. 104. Ilex ficoidea Hemsl. 105. Ilex formosana Maxim. 37. Araliaceae 106. Aralia bipinnata Blanco 107. Dendropanax pellcidopunctata (Hayata) Kanehira ex Kanehira & Hatusima 108. Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L.) S. Y. Hu 109. Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean var. formosana (Nakai) Li 110. Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms 38. Aristolochiaceae 111. Asarum macranthum Hook. f. 56
39. Asclepiadaceae 112. Gymnema alternifolium (Lour.) Merr. 113. Hoya carnosa (L. f.) R. Br. 114. Marsdenia formosana Masamune 40. Asteraceae 115. Blumea riparia (Blume) DC. var. megacephala Randeria 116. Cirsium japonicum DC. 117. Elephantopus mollis H. B. K. 118. Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitamura var. formosanum (Hayata) Kitamura 119. Ixeris laevigata (Blume) Schultz-Bip. ex Maxim. var. oldhami (Maxim.) Kitamura 120. Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B. L. Rob. 41. Begoniaceae 121. Begonia formosana (Hayata) Masamune 42. Berberidaceae 122. Mahonia japonica (Thunb.) DC. 43. Buxaceae 123. Buxus microphylla Sieb. & Zucc. subsp. sinica (Rehd. & Wils.) Hatusima 44. Capparidaceae 124. Crateva adansonii DC. subsp. formosensis Jacobs 45. Caprifoliaceae 125. Lonicera japonica Thunb. 126. Viburnum luzonicum Rolfe 46. Celastraceae 127. Euonymus carnosus Hemsl. 128. Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. ex Benth. 47. Chloranthaceae 129. Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai 48. Convolvulaceae 130. Erycibe henryi Prain 131. Evolvulus alsinoides L. 49. Cornaceae 132. Aucuba japonica Thunb. 50. Cucurbitaceae 133. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino 57
134. Zehneria mucronata (Blume) Miq. 51. Daphniphyllaceae 135. Daphniphyllum glaucescens Bl. subsp. oldhamii (Hemsl.) Huang 52. Ebenaceae 136. Diospyros eriantha Champ. ex Benth. 137. Diospyros morrisiana Hance 138. Diospyros oldhamii Maxim. 53. Elaeagnaceae 139. Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. 140. Elaeagnus thunbergii Serv. 54. Elaeocarpaceae 141. Elaeocarpus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. 142. Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. 143. Sloanea formosana Li 55. Ericaceae 144. Rhododendron ellipticum Maxim. 145. Rhododendron mariesii Hemsl. & Wilson 146. Rhododendron oldhamii Maxim. 147. Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Hayata 148. Vaccinium wrightii Gray 56. Euphorbiaceae 149. Antidesma japonicum Sieb. & Zucc. var. densiflorum Hurusawa 150. Bridelia balansae Tutch. 151. Glochidion acuminatum Muell.-Arg. 152. Glochidion rubrum Blume 153. Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Muell. -Arg. 154. Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) Muell. -Arg. 57. Fabaceae 155. Archidendron lucidum Benth. 156. Bauhinia championii Benth. 157. Desmodium caudatum (Thunb.) DC. 158. Desmodium laxum DC. subsp. leptopus (A. Gray. ex Benth.) Ohashi 159. Millettia reticulata Benth. 58. Fagaceae 58
160. Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hayata var. sessilis Nakai 161. Cyclobalanopsis gilva (Blume) Oerst. 162. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. 163. Cyclobalanopsis salicina (Blume) Oerstedt 164. Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia (Blume) Schottky 59. Flacourtiaceae 165. Scolopia oldhamii Hance 60. Gentianaceae 166. Gentiana atkinsonii Burk. var. formosana (Hayata) Yamamoto 61. Gesneriaceae 167. Aeschynanthus acuminatus Wall. 168. Conandron ramondioides Sieb. & Zucc. 169. Rhynchotechum discolor (Maxim.) Burtt 170. Titanotrichum oldhami (Hemsl.) Solereder 62. Haloragaceae 171. Haloragis micrantha (Thunb.) R. Br. 63. Juglandaceae 172. Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall. 64. Lamiaceae 173. Prunella vulgaris L. 65. Lardizabalaceae 174. Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata 66. Lauraceae 175. Cinnamomum macrostemon Hayata 176. Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira 177. Cryptocarya chinensis (Hance) Hemsl. 178. Cryptocarya concinna Hance 179. Lindera communis Hemsl. 180. Lindera megaphylla Hemsl. 181. Litsea coreana Levl. 182. Litsea hypophaea Hayata 183. Machilus japonica Sieb. & Zucc. var. kusanoi (Hayata) Liao 184. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. 185. Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. 59
67. Lythraceae 186. Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne 68. Magnoliaceae 187. Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sargent 69. Malvaceae 188. Hibiscus syriacus L. 189. Sida rhombifolia L. 70. Melastomataceae 190. Blastus cochinchinensis Lour. 191. Melastoma candidum D. Don 192. Sarcopyramis napalensis Wall. var. bodinieri Levl. 71. Menispermaceae 193. Cyclea gracillima Diels 194. Stephania japonica (Thunb. ex Murray) Miers 72. Moraceae 195. Ficus ampelas Burm. f. 196. Ficus erecta Thunb. var. beecheyana (Hook. & Arn.) King 197. Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume 198. Ficus formosana Maxim. 199. Ficus irisana Elmer 200. Ficus nervosa Heyne 201. Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. var. henryi (King ex D. Oliver) Corner 202. Ficus septica Burm. f. 203. Ficus superba (Miq.) Miq. var. japonica Miq. 204. Ficus virgata Reinw. ex Blume 73. Myricaceae 205. Myrica rubra (Lour.) Sieb. & Zucc. 74. Myrsinaceae 206. Ardisia chinensis Benth. 207. Ardisia crenata Sims 208. Ardisia quinquegona Blume 209. Ardisia sieboldii Miq. 210. Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi 60
211. Maesa tenera Mez 212. Myrsine sequinii Lev. 75. Myrtaceae 213. Syzygium buxifolium Hook. & Arn. 214. Syzygium formosanum (Hayata) Mori 76. Oleaceae 215. Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. 216. Osmanthus heterophyllus (Don) Green var. bibracteatus (Hayata) Green 217. Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata 77. Piperaceae 218. Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi 219. Piper sintenense Hatusima 78. Polygonaceae 220. Polygonum chinense L. 79. Proteaceae 221. Helicia cochichinensis Lour. 222. Helicia formosana Hemsl. 80. Ranunculaceae 223. Clematis grata Wall. 224. Clematis meyeniana Walp. 81. Rhamnaceae 225. Berchemia lineata (L.) DC. 226. Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M. C. Johnst. 82. Rosaceae 227. Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai 228. Pourthiaea lucida Decaisne 229. Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb. ex Murray) Decne. var. parvifolia (Pritz.) Iketani & Ohashi 230. Prunus phaeosticta (Hance) Maxim. 231. Rhaphiolepis indica Lindl. var. umbellata (Thunb. ex Murray) Ohashi 232. Rubus buergeri Miq. 233. Rubus corchorifolius L. f. 234. Rubus parvifolius L. 235. Rubus sumatranus Miq. 61
236. Rubus swinhoei Hance 83. Rubiaceae 237. Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. 238. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 239. Lasianthus fordii Hance 240. Lasianthus obliquinervis Merr. 241. Lasianthus plagiophyllus Hance 242. Morinda umbellata L. 243. Mussaenda parviflora Matsum. 244. Ophiorrhiza pumila Champ. ex Benth. 245. Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. 246. Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. 247. Psychotria serpens L. 248. Randia canthioidea Champ. ex Benth. 249. Tricalysia dubia (Lindl.) Ohwi 250. Wendlandia formosana Cowan 84. Rutaceae 251. Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. 252. Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl. 253. Melicope semecarpifolia (Merr.) T. Hartley 254. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. 255. Zanthoxylum scandens Blume 85. Sabiaceae 256. Meliosma rigda Sieb. & Zucc. 257. Meliosma squimulata Hance 258. Sabia swinhoei Hemsl. 86. Saururaceae 259. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. 87. Saxifragaceae 260. Hydrangea angustipetala Hayata 261. Hydrangea chinensis Maxim. 262. Itea oldhamii Schneider 263. Itea parviflora Hemsl. 88. Schisandraceae 62
264. Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal 89. Scrophulariaceae 265. Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosana Yamazaki 90. Staphyleaceae 266. Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz 267. Turpinia formosana Nakai 91. Styracaceae 268. Styrax formosana Matsum. 269. Styrax suberifolia Hook. & Arn. 92. Symplocaceae 270. Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) Moore subsp. laurina (Retz.) Noot. 271. Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz. 272. Symplocos glomerata Keng ex Clarke subsp. congesta (Benth.) Noot. 273. Symplocos lucida (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. 274. Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) Miq. 275. Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 276. Symplocos theophrastaefolia Sieb. & Zucc. 93. Theaceae 277. Adinandra formosana Hayata 278. Camellia tenuifolia (Hayata) Cohen-Stuart 279. Cleyera japonica Thunb. var. morii (Yamamoto) Masamune 280. Eurya chinensis R. Br. 281. Eurya crenatifolia (Yamamoto) Kobuski 282. Eurya emarginata (Thunb.) Makino 283. Eurya nitida Korthals 284. Pyrenaria shinkoensis (Hayata) Keng 94. Thymelaeaceae 285. Wikstroemia indica C. A. Mey. 95. Trochodendraceae 286. Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & Zucc. 96. Urticaceae 287. Elatostema lineolatum Forst. var. major Thwait. 288. Elatostema platyphylloides Shih & Yang 289. Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq. 63
290. Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masamune 291. Pellionia radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. 292. Pilea aquarum Dunn subsp. brevicornuta (Hayata) C. J. Chen 293. Pilea peploides (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn. 97. Verbenaceae 294. Callicarpa formosana Rolfe 295. Callicarpa kochiana Makino 296. Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz. 297. Premna microphylla Turcz. 98. Violaceae 298. Viola arcuata Blume 299. Viola mandshurica W. Becker 300. Viola nagasawai Makino & Hayata 99. Vitaceae 301. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. 302. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. var. hancei (Planch.) Rehder 303. Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) Planch. 304. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. 305. Tetrastigma formosanum (Hemsl.) Gagnep. 4. Monocotyledon 100. Araceae 306. Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endl. 307. Arisaema heterophyllum Blume 308. Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. 101. Arecaceae 309. Arenga engleri Beccari 310. Calamus quiquesetinervius Burret. 102. Commelinaceae 311. Amischotolype chinensis (N. E. Br.) E. H. Walker ex Hatusima 312. Cyanotis cilliata (Blume) Bakh. 313. Pollia minor (Hayata) Honda 103. Cyperaceae 64
314. Carex brunnea Thunb. 315. Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl.) Sprengel 104. Dioscoreaceae 316. Dioscorea bulbifera L. 317. Dioscorea japonica Thunb. var. oldhamii Uline ex Knuth 318. Dioscorea japonica Thunb. var. pseudojaponica (Hayata) Yamamoto 319. Dioscorea matsudai Hayata 105. Hypoxidaceae 320. Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) Ktze. 106. Liliaceae 321. Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. 322. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. ex Redoute. 323. Disporum shimadai Hayata 324. Heloniopsis umbellata Bak. 325. Liriope spicata Lour. 326. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua 327. Scilla sinensis (Lour.) Merr. 107. Orchidaceae 328. Calanthe formosana Rolfe 329. Calanthe textori Miq. 330. Calanthe triplicata (Willem.) Ames 331. Goodyera velutina Maxim. ex Reyel 332. Liparis formosana Reichb. f. 333. Phaius longipes (Hook. f.) Holtt. 334. Zeuxine nervosa (Wall. ex Lindl.) Benth. ex Clarke 108. Pandanaceae 335. Freycinetia formosana Hemsl. 336. Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. 109. Poaceae 337. Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus 338. Ichnanthus vicinus (F. M. Bail.) Merr. 339. Lophatherum gracile Brongn. 340. Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex Schum. & Laut. 341. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Roem. & Schult. 65
110. Smilacaceae 342. Smilax bracteata Presl 343. Smilax china L. 344. Smilax lanceifolia Roxb. 111. Zingiberaceae 345. Alpinia intermedia Gagn. 346. Alpinia speciosa (Windl.) K. Schum. 347. Alpinia uraiensis Hayata mm mm 0.1mm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 66
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