14 1 2005 2 JOURNAL OF NATURAL D ISASTERS Vol. 14, No. 1 Feb., 2005 : 100424574 (2005) 0120082208 1, 1, 2 (1. ;, 100875; 2.,, 100875) :,,, 80% ; 20%,,, : ; ; ; : P315. 9 : A Character istics of se ism ic d isa ster in rura l area and rela tive d isa ster reduction coun term ea sures in Ch ina WANG Ying 1, SH I Pei2jun 1, WANG J ing2ai 2 (1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural D isaster, M inistry of Education of China; Institute of D isaster and Public Security, College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences; Key Laboratory of Regional Geography of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China) Abstract: The intensity of hazard2formative factors and the vulnerability of hazard2affected bodies decides the extent of disaster effects. The p robability of earthquake occurred in country is more larger than that in cities of China. The countries in western p rovinces of China, such as the villages and towns in Tiber, Xinjiang, Yunnan, N ingxia, Q inghai, and Gansu p rovince, are the high seism ic frequency region. Housings of country residents destroyed by the seim ic disaster are the main disaster losses in China. Above 80% of total econom ic disaster is the destroyed housing, other disaster losess is the destroyed water conservancy p roject. Now most of resident housing types in China country are the adobe house and the brick house. The seism ic resistance of these houses is very poor. So the imp lementation of p roperty insurance and housing loan in country is the m ain policy of reducing the seism ic risk. Key words: seism ic disaster; vulnerability; China country; resident housing, [ 1, 2 ],,, : 2004-10 - 06; : 2004-12 - 20 : (40352004) : (1974 - ),,,,.
1 : 83,,,, 70%, [ 3, 4 ] 2300 2000,, (2000 ), 1 1, 2337 709 5 2048, 8, 1, 259 69, 27%, 143 5, 7% 1905, 93% 538 ( ), 32%, 800a 2. 86 3. 01, M s 8 16, 1976 7. 8, 15 1 ( 2300 2000,M s 5) Table 1 Number of adm inistrative units encountering with different frequency of earthquake in China / 1 2 3 4 9 10 (4 ) 2 0 1 0 10 10 /3 = 3. 33 (259 ) 38 23 8 0 133 133 /69 = 1. 93 (400 ) 53 27 14 5 283 283 /99 = 2. 86 ( ) (1674 ) 259 159 87 33 1622 1622 /538 = 3. 01 (2337 ) 352 209 110 38 2048 2048 /709 = 2. 89,,,,, 7 1, 2, 60% ( ) 5, 10% 7, 2 Table 2 Number of adm inistrative unit in p rovinces suffering earthquake 72 85 120 17 39 76 140 97 138 87 92 M s 7 /% M s 7 56 65 85 12 25 47 61 37 42 23 21 23 78 76 71 71 64 62 44 38 30 26 11 17 16 4 3 10 13 4 4 3 3 /% 3 15 20 13 24 8 13 9 4 3 3 1, M s 5 637 ( ), 2 325, 1510, ; ;,, 1600-2000 400, ( ) 20
84 14 1 M s 5 Fig. 1 Frequencies of earthquake M s 5 occurred in rural towns 2 1990,, ( ), (1990-1995 ) (1996-2000) 1993-2000 111, 109, 2, : 1995 10 6 4. 7 ; 1996 5 3 6. 4 107 5, 1 3,,,, 1995 RMS(R isk Management Solution Inc. [ 8 ] ) 1923, 21000, 10000, 50% ; 10500 ; 350, 50% 2, 1990-2000 109,, 70% 90%, 100%, 80% 1996 6. 4, 18. 65, 55. 1% ; 7. 4, 6029 ( ),,, 7, 42. 6%,,,
1 : 85 2 (1990-2000 ) Fig. 2 Composition of direct loss from earthquakes(1990-2000) 3 31 6,, : 1990,,, > > > 2 2001,,,,, 47. 82m 2, 23. 44m 2, 49%, 22. 11m 2, 46%,,, 22. 42m 2, 3. 17m 2, 14%, 3. 96m 2, 18%, 68%,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, : (1), ;
86 14 (2),, 80%, 20%, (3), 3 2001 Fig. 3 Type rate of rural housing in p rovinces in 2001 4,, :,,,,,,, : 4. 1,,, 3,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,
1 : 87, 30%, 60%, 10%, 3 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) [ 10 ],,,,,,,,,, : (1),,, ;,,, (2),, 2%,,,,,,, 4. 2,,,,,, [ 11 ], W c W c : W c = b ( E L0 - E LS ) - ( I) C (1) : E L0, ; E LS, ; ; C ; b, 2 3,,, 2002 [ 12 ], (1), W c, b 3, W c,, :, (1),, U,,,,,,,, 1991-2001 [ 9 ],,,,,,,,, 3 5a,, 10a, T, C
88 14 C 0,, 5a ;,, 10a, 10a,,,, 10a, 1991-2001 ( ) P 8% 21%, C 0 (21% P), T T = (C t A - V K ) / (21% P) ( 2), A, C t, V K, P (2) 1557, 10a 394, 25%,,, 30a,,,, 10a, 25a, 1265, 81%,, 4. 3 1974, 1975 1976,, 1989 ( GBJ11-89), 2001 ( GB50011-2001),, :,,,,,,,, 65 25a,, ( 3 ) :, 1000, ;, 3 65, 36 23 m 2, 22. 42m 2,,,,, 3, Table 3 Household s livelihood in towns with tremendous earthquake disaster risk in Yunnan Province,,, /m 2 / /a, ; 29 22 38 772 253 42 26 36 23 60 1767 516 77 26,, 15m 2,,,
1 : 89,,,, : [ 1 ]. [ J ]., 2002, 11 (3) : 1-9. [ 2 ]. [ J ]. ( ),, 1991, 37-42. [ 3 ]. [ J ]., 1995, 4 (1) : 47-50. [ 4 ],. [ J ]., 2003, 11: 5-10. [ 5 ]. ( 23 1911 ) [M ]. :, 1995. [ 6 ]. ( 1912 1990,M s 4. 7) [M ]. :, 1999. [ 7 ]. (1996 2000) [M ]. :, 2001. [ 8 ] RMS, W hat If the 1923 Earthquake Strikes Again? A Five Prefecture Tokyo Region Scenario[M ]. R isk Management Solution, Inc., 1995. [ 9 ]. (1991-2001) [M ]. :, 1991-2001. [ 10 ],. [M ]. :, 1996. [ 11 ]. [M ]. :, 1995. [ 12 ]. 2002 ( ) [ Z]. 2003. [ 13 ]. 2003 [M ]. :, 2003.