E-mail: buddhawei@yahoo.com.tw 02-27899534 November/26/2006

2004 2004 2005 2005 2005

93 94 94~95

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show girls show girls

Gene DNA

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(DNA)

(ribosome) (mitochondrion) (lysosome) (rough endoplasmic reticulum, RER (nucleus) (centriole) (cytoskeleton) (smooth endoplasmic reticulum, SER) (cell membrane)

(nucleus) (vacuole) (chloroplast)

(cell membrane)

23 DNA

DNA (chromatin) (chromosome)

(1)

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(transmission electron microscopy, TEM) TEM (scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 3D ( ) ( )

1 (cm) 10-2 (m) 0.4 1 (mm) 10-3 (m) 1 ( m) 10-3 (mm) 1 (nm) 10-3 ( m) 0.2 ( m) 0.2 (nm) 1000

1655 (Robert Hooke) (1635-1703) 1673 (Leeuwenhock) (1632-1723) 1833 (Robert Brown) (1773-1858) (Protoplasm)

1839 (Schleiden) (Schwann) ~ cells are the elementary particles of organisms in both plants and animals and recognized that some organisms are unicellular and others multicellular. Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881 ) Théodore Schwann (1810-1882) (chromosome) (mitosis) (meiosis) (fertilization) 1. 2. (Ex: ) 3. 4.

(prokaryote) (eukaryote) (Eukaryotic cell) (Prokaryotic cell) (protista) (fungi) (plants) (animals)

(Fluid mosaic model) (Fluid mosaic model) 1 2

(chromosome) (mitosis) (meiosis) (fertilization) 23

(2)

--- 1828 (Friedrich Wohler) (1800-1882) On treating silver cyanate with ammonium chloride solution he obtained a white crystalline material which proved identical to urea obtained from urine "I must tell you that I can make urea without the use of kidneys, either man or dog. Ammonium cyanate is urea." 1847 (Louis, Pasteur). (1822-1891)- 1. 2. 3. 4.

Louis Pasteur 55~60 63 30 flash pasteurization 72 15 ultrahigh temperature sterilization 140~150 1~3 2

1885 (Eduard, Buchner) Eduard Buchner (1860-1917) He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation Gustav Embden (glycolytic pathway) Otto Fritz Meyerhof Archibald Vivian Hill 1922 Embden- Meyerhof-Parnas pathway Meyerhof (1884-1951) Hill (1886-1977)

1908 Theodor Svedberg Theodor Svedberg (1884-1971) 1926 (disperse system) 1957 Hans Adolf Krebs Kerbs cycle (TCA cycle) Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-1981) H.L. Kornberg The Citric Acid cycle (TCA cycle) 1953

( ) ( ) ( )

DNA DNA

(3)

--- DNA 1865 Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) 1965 34 (principle of segregation) (principle of independent assortment) 1869 Johann Friedrich Miescher (1844-1895)

1912 X-ray 1915 illian Henry Bragg (1862-1942) Willian Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971)

1953 (James Watson Francis Crick) DNA DNA 苷苷 A G T C

X DNA X 1958 37 1962 1968 DNA X X X DNA

苷 DNA 苷 苷 苷 苷 (AMP) 苷 (ADP) 苷 (ATP) 苷 DNA 苷

4 (A) (T) (G) (C) DNA DNA

DNA DNA Denature

DNA (Replication) 5 Exon1 Intron1 Exon2 Intron2 Exon3 3 (Transcription) (reverse transcription) ( ) Intron2 Pre-mRNA Exon1 Intron1 Exon2 Exon3 AAA splicing ( ) mrna Exon1 Exon2 Exon3 AAA (Translation) ( )

DNA DNA intron DNA mrna exon

NA ( DNA DNA T G C DNA 5 -GGAATTCTTAA-3 DNA 3 -CCTTAAGAATT-5 ( 5 3 DNA ) DNA DNA

( Transcription) DNA RNA RNA 酶 DNA DNA RNA DNA RNA RNA ( RNA ) RNA DNA DNA DNA RNA DNA 5 -GCAACTTACCGAT-3 DNA 3 -CGTTGAATGGCTA-5 RNA 5 -GCAACUUACCGAU-3 DNA DNA RNA ( ) DNA

( Transcription) mrna protein RNA RNA RNA RNA

RNA 酶 RNA 酶 RNA RNA RNA DNA intron prerna intron (splicing) RNA RNA polycistronic mrna

restriction enzyme DNA DNA genetic engineering

DNA --- Plasmid DNA

restriction enzyme DNA

酶 ligase

: A 20 A

male Zebrafish (Danio rerio) female 14 10 2 3 20

(Ph), (E), (L), (P), (Pi), (G), (I) Dev. Biol. 255 (2003), pp.12 29.

5 upstream region of L-FABP promoter between -2033 ~ -1513 is essential for liver specific expression B C D E LF2.8-EGFP F LF2.5-EGFP G LF2.0-EGFP

A B C D E A B GFP Intensity Liver Others +++++ - - +++++ ++++ - - +++++ - - C D E LF2.8-LR

Liver regulatory (LR) sequence 2063 ATTTGTTTTA TATATTATAG AATAAAATTA GTTTTTAATA GTTTTTATGC CATTTTAAGG TCAATATTAT TAGCCCCTTT 1983 AAGCTATTTT TTTTCGATAG TCTACAGAAC AAACCATCGG TATACAATGA CTTGCCTAAT TACCCTAACC TGCCTAGTTA PDX1/ISL1 1903 CCCTAATTAA CCTAGTTAAG CCTTTAAATG TCACTTTAAG CTGTATAGAA GTGTCTTGAA GAATATCTAG TCTAATATTA PDX1/ISL1 1823 TTGACTGTCA TCATGGCAAA GATAAAATAA ATCAGTTATT AAAACTATTA TGATTAGAAA TGTGCTGAAA CAATCTGCTC 1743 TCCGATAAAC AGAAATTGAA CAAAATAAAC AGGGGGGCTA ATAAATTTAA GGGGTTAAAT AATTCTGATT GCAAAAAAAA HFH8 HFH8 HNF-1α 1663 TGATGTCTGC AAAACTGTTG CAAATAATTT ATTTGTGTTG ATTTTAAGCA AACAAATTAA ATTTAATAAA ATACAACTTA HNF-3β 1583 ATCTGTTTGT TTAAATTCAG CCCTAATAAA TTGTTTACAG CCACTTAACG TAAAAAAATT GAGTAAATCC AAGGAATCAT 1503 CTCTGAATAA TTTTTTCAGT GTATATATAT ATATATATAT TCTTACAAAA CAACTCATTT ACTTTAGTTA ATTTTCAGGG L-FABP (Liver regulatory sequence) (transcriptional factor, ) HNF-1 HNF-3 L-FABP

Homogenous GFP expression driven by I-FABP ( ) 4.5 kb promoter at 22 dpf zebrafish intestine

92

(1)

(2)

(1) --- B C 80 40 40 100 c.c. 250 c.c.

(2) B (HBV) NA 酶 DNA B (DNA) B 42 nm 1965 Blumberg B Blumberg 1976 颗 组 内 DNA DNA 酶 (DNA 酶 RNA) 组

(3)

(4)

(5) aflatoxins

(6)

(7) ---

L-FABP I-FABP

TAA steatosis fibrosis 3 16-19 C (HCV) (HCP) TAA

(anti-apoptosis) BLP1 Mcl-1a A,B,C ; D,E,F BLP1 ; G,H,I Mcl-1a Dev Dyn. 2006 Feb;235(2):515-23

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(3) 30

(4)

50

DNA

Socrates 470 399

Plato 427 347 Aristokles Platus ( ) ( )

1991 4 6 11 13 Stem Cell 13

11 2006 09 04 1. ( ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ( ) 10. 11.