與人們生活常相伴的 高分子 文 / 范誠 19 20 SAP - EVA 1 macromolecule polymer condensation polymerization addition polymerization monomer styrene SM PS 1920 Hermann Staudinger 2
與人們生活常相伴的高分子 1930 1945 Nylon SBR PE 1 1 4 5 1920-1940 1930-1950 1960 1970 1980 GO 科學研習 DEC 2015 No.54-12 354
Karl Ziegler Giulio Natta Hermann Staudinger 1953 Ziegler-Natta 1963 Karl Ziegler Giulio Natta PE 1 15 1850 1900 15 1839 Charles Goodyear Charles Goodyear 1869 John Wesley Hyatt celluloid 1887 Count Hilaire de Chardonnet 1909 Leo Baekeland phenolic resin 1920 Hermann Staudinger Charles Goodyear Goodyear 1908 T 1969 1926 Svedberg 1926 Waldo Semon PVC 1927 4
與人們生活常相伴的高分子 1928 PMMA PVA 1930 PS Robert Bruce Merrifield 1984 Paul Flory l974 1932 Hermann Staudinger 1956 Szwarc 1953 Karl Ziegler Giulio Natta HDPE PP 1963 1950 2000 1935 Wallace H. Carothers 66 66 1938 1955 Ziegler-Natta 1939 1970 1940 T. R. Whinfield PET 1974 Rockefeller Robert Bruce Merrifield PS 1984 1971 S. L Wolek 300 C Kevlar 2000 A. J. Heeger A. G. MacDiarmid 54 GO 科學研習 DEC 2015 No.54-12 5 1948 LDPEPTFEPeter Debye vinylon Paul Flory 1974 2000 A. G. MacDiarmid A. J. Heeger http://www.upenn.edu
1. 1/7 2. 21 3. 2 30% PVC - - ABS 2 PE HDPE LDPE LLDPE - EVA PP PVC PS - - ABS 6 66 PC PMMA 6
與人們生活常相伴的高分子 PET PBT POM LCP PVAc PVAL PVOH UP - SBR BR - - SBS TPE TPEE NBR - VAE GO 科學研習 DEC 2015 No.54-12 754 NBR SBR latex PTMEG polyether polyol
1. (1) (2) (3) 2. 3. homopolymer copolymer 2 (1) PE PS polyamide Nylon 6 (2) copolymerization SBR ABS random copolymer alternating copolymer block copolymer block grafted copolymer 1 1 2 8
與人們生活常相伴的高分子 4. (1) PET (2) PE PVC 5. 5 (1) PE (2) (3) (4) (5) 6. (1) PE PS (2) O N S PET (3) 7. (1) thermoplastic PE (2) thermosetting 8. (1) crystalline PE PP POM (2) amorphous PVC PS ABS PMMAPC K- K-resin 9. (1) (2) PET (3) (4) 10. (1) GO 科學研習 DEC 2015 No.54-12 954
3 (2) PE PP PVC PS ABS PBT PC PA6 PA66 mppo 5 3 1. 50 https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=0itkfzjkgnw#t=19 2014 88.8% 2. plasticizer 10
與人們生活常相伴的高分子 2011 cloudy agent cloudifier DOP DEHP 2011 5 PVC PVC 4 5 1. 2. SAP 3. 54 GO 科學研習 DEC 2015 No.54-12 11 4 1 5
(1) modulus (2) (3) 4. 5. 6. degradability (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 12