9,, (CIP) /. :, 2005.2 ISBN 7 5629 2097 4....T U767 CI P ( 2004 )003594 : 122 : 430070 http:/ / www.techbook.com.cn E-mail: yangxuezh@ mail.whut.edu.cn : : : 7871092 1/ 16 : 17 : 421 : 2005 2 1 : 2006 5 2 : 3000 : 25. 00,, : (027) 87394412 87383695 87384729,
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1 ( 1) 1. 1 ( 1) 1. 1. 1 ( 1) 1. 1. 2 ( 1) 1. 1. 3 ( 1) 1. 1. 4 ( 3) 1. 1. 5 ( 3) 1. 2 ( 4) 1. 2. 1 ( 4) 1. 2. 2 ( 5) 1. 2. 3 ( 5) 1. 3 ( 5) 1. 3. 1 ( 6) 1. 3. 2 ( 6) 1. 3. 3 ( 6) 1. 4 ( 7) 1. 4. 1 ( 7) 1. 4. 2 ( 7) 1. 4. 3 ( 8) 1. 5 ( 9) 1. 5. 1 ( 9) 1. 5. 2 (10) 1. 6 (10) (12) 2 (13) 2. 1 (13) 2. 1. 1 (13) 2. 1. 2 (14) 2. 1. 3 (18) 2. 1. 4 (19) 2. 1. 5 (20) 2. 2 (20) 2. 2. 1 (20) 2. 2. 2 (21) 2. 2. 3 (22) 1
2. 3 (24) 2. 3. 1 (24) 2. 3. 2 (30) 2. 3. 3 (31) 2. 4 (34) 2. 4. 1 (34) 2. 4. 2 (35) (35) 3 (38) 3. 1 (38) 3. 1. 1 (38) 3. 1. 2 (39) 3. 1. 3 (40) 3. 2 (41) 3. 2. 1 (41) 3. 2. 2 (44) 3. 2. 3 (49) 3. 3 (60) 3. 3. 1 (61) 3. 3. 2 (61) 3. 3. 3 (62) 3. 4 (66) 3. 4. 1 (66) 3. 4. 2 (67) 3. 5 (72) 3. 5. 1 (73) 3. 5. 2 (74) 3. 5. 3 (83) 3. 6 (83) 3. 6. 1 (83) 3. 6. 2 (85) (87) 4 (91) 4. 1 (91) 4. 1. 1 (91) 4. 1. 2 (92) 4. 1. 3 (92) 4. 2 (92) 4. 2. 1 (93) 4. 2. 2 (93) 2
. 2. 3 (93) 4. 3 (93) 4. 3. 1 (93) 4. 3. 2 (95) 4. 4 ( 102) 4. 4. 1 ( 102) 4. 4. 2 ( 103) 4. 4. 3 ( 103) 4. 4. 4 ( 103) 4. 5 ( 110) 4. 5. 1 ( 110) 4. 5. 2 ( 112) 4. 6 ( 113) 4. 6. 1 ( 113) 4. 6. 2 ( 113) 4. 6. 3 ( 114) 4. 6. 4 ( 114) 4. 6. 5 ( 114) 4. 7 ( 115) 4. 7. 1 ( 115) 4. 7. 2 ( 119) 4. 7. 3 ( 122) 4. 7. 4 ( 126) 4. 7. 5 ( 128) 4. 7. 6 ( 131) ( 133) 5 ( 135) 5. 1 ( 135) 5. 1. 1 ( 135) 5. 1. 2 ( 135) 5. 1. 3 ( 136) 5. 2 ( 136) 5. 2. 1 ( 136) 5. 2. 2 ( 137) 5. 3 ( 137) 5. 3. 1 ( 137) 5. 3. 2 ( 137) 5. 3. 3 ( 138) 5. 4 ( 138) 5. 4. 1 ( 138) 3
. 4. 2 ( 139) 5. 4. 3 ( 139) 5. 5 ( 140) 5. 5. 1 ( 140) 5. 5. 2 ( 140) 5. 6 ( 142) 5. 6. 1 ( 142) 5. 6. 2 ( 142) ( 144) 6 ( 146) 6. 1 ( 146) 6. 1. 1 ( 146) 6. 1. 2 ( 146) 6. 1. 3 ( 147) 6. 2 ( 148) 6. 2. 1 ( 148) 6. 2. 2 ( 149) 6. 2. 3 ( 149) 6. 3 ( 149) 6. 3. 1 ( 149) 6. 3. 2 ( 149) 6. 3. 3 ( 151) 6. 3. 4 ( 152) 6. 4 ( 153) 6. 4. 1 ( 153) 6. 4. 2 ( 153) 6. 4. 3 ( 153) 6. 4. 4 ( 154) 6. 4. 5 ( 156) 6. 4. 6 ( 157) 6. 5 ( 158) 6. 5. 1 ( 158) 6. 5. 2 ( 158) 6. 5. 3 ( 159) 6. 5. 4 ( 159) 6. 5. 5 ( 160) 6. 5. 6 ( 160) 6. 5. 7 ( 161) 6. 6 ( 161) 6. 6. 1 ( 162) 4
. 6. 2 ( 162) 6. 6. 3 ( 162) 6. 6. 4 ( 164) 6. 6. 5 ( 165) 6. 6. 6 ( 167) ( 172) 7 ( 174) 7. 1 ( 174) 7. 1. 1 ( 174) 7. 1. 2 ( 174) 7. 1. 3 ( 176) 7. 1. 4 ( 177) 7. 2 ( 178) 7. 2. 1 ( 178) 7. 2. 2 ( 178) 7. 2. 3 ( 178) 7. 2. 4 ( 178) 7. 2. 5 ( 182) 7. 2. 6 ( 183) 7. 3 ( 185) 7. 3. 1 ( ) ( 185) 7. 3. 2 ( 188) 7. 3. 3 ( 191) 7. 3. 4 ( 193) 7. 4 ( 198) 7. 4. 1 ( 198) 7. 4. 2 ( 198) 7. 4. 3 ( 199) 7. 4. 4 ( 201) 7. 5 ( 201) 7. 5. 1 ( 201) 7. 5. 2 ( 204) 7. 5. 3 ( 205) 7. 6 ( 206) 7. 6. 1 ( 206) 7. 6. 2 ( 206) 7. 6. 3 ( 206) 7. 6. 4 ( 208) 7. 7 ( 208) 7. 7. 1 ( 208) 5
. 7. 2 ( 208) 7. 7. 3 ( 208) 7. 8 ( 211) 7. 8. 1 ( 212) 7. 8. 2 ( 212) 7. 8. 3 ( 212) 7. 8. 4 ( 212) ( 213) 8 ( 215) 8. 1 ( 215) 8. 1. 1 ( 215) 8. 1. 2 ( 216) 8. 1. 3 ( 216) 8. 1. 4 ( 217) 8. 1. 5 ( 217) 8. 1. 6 ( 217) 8. 2 ( 217) 8. 2. 1 ( 217) 8. 2. 2 ( 219) 8. 2. 3 ( 222) 8. 3 ( 226) 8. 3. 1 ( 226) 8. 3. 2 ( 228) 8. 3. 3 ( 229) 8. 3. 4 ( 230) 8. 3. 5 ( 231) 8. 3. 6 ( 232) ( 236) 9 ( 238) 9. 1 ( 238) 9. 2 ( 240) 9. 3 ( 242) 9. 4 ( 247) 9. 5 ( 250) 9. 6 ( 252) 9. 7 ( 255) ( 257) 6
,,,,,, ; ( ) ; 1. 1 1. 1. 1,,, 1. 1. 2 40, 80,,,,,,,, 1. 1. 3 1. 1. 3. 1,,,,
2 1,,, 1. 1. 3. 2,,,, :,, ;,,,,,,, (1 ),, ;,,, ( ) ( ), (2 ), ( ) ( ) (), : ;,, (), () (),
1. 1 3. 1. 4,, (1 ),, ( ) (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,, ;,,, 1. 1. 5, 1. 1,
4 1. 1 1. 2 1. 2. 1, ; ; ;,,,,,,,, ;, ;,
1. 3 5 1. 2. 2,,,,, : ; ;,, 1. 2. 3 1. 2. 3. 1 (1 ), (2 ),,, (3 ),, (4 ) (5 ), 1. 2. 3. 2 :, ; :, ; :, ; : 1. 3,
6 1. 3. 1 (1 ) (2 ),,,, ;,, (3 ),,, (4 ), (5 ), 1. 3. 2,, : (1 ), ; (2 ); (3 ), ; (4 ); (5 ); (6 ) 1. 3. 3 : (1 ),,,, (2 )
1. 4 7,, (3 ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 1. 4,,, 1. 4. 1, : (1 ),, (2 ),,, (3 ),,, (4 ),,, 1. 4. 2 (1 ),,,,, (2 ),
8 1,,, ;, ;, (3 ),,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,, (5 ),,,, = 334,,, 1. 4. 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1. 5 9. 5,,,, 1. 5. 1 1. 5. 1. 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 1. 5. 1. 2 (1 ),, ( ),,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),, (5 ),,,,,,
10 1,, 1. 5. 1. 3 (1 ),,,,,, (2 ), 1. 5. 2, ;, (4. 5 ) 1. 6,, : (1 ), ; ; ; (2 ),,,,,,,, (3 ),,
1. 6 11,,,,,,,, (4 ),, ;,, ;, (5 ),,,,,,,,,, (6 ),, ( ), ;,,, ;,, (7 ),,,,, (8 ),,,,,, (9 ),,,,,,, (10),,,,,,
12 1,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1 ( 1) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 ) 2 ( 1), ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) 3 ( 1),, ( ) ( 2) ( ) ( 3) ( ) ( 4) ( ) ( 5), ( ) 4 ( 1) ( 2)?? ( 3)? ( 4) ( 5) ( 6)?
,,,, 2. 1,,,,, 2. 1. 1,, 2. 1 2. 1 ( a) ; ( b) 2. 1( a),, ;,, 2. 1( b ),, ;,,
14 2. 1. 2,,,,,,,, 2. 1,, 4 2 3 2 10, 15, 10, 5, 2. 1. 2. 1,, (1 ) A.,,,, 2. 2 B. 2. 2 T = ti M ( 2. 1)
2. 1 15 M ; ti ; T : a., ; b. : a., ; b. (2 ),, 2. 3 2. 3 : a., ; b., : a. ; b.,,, 2. 1. 2. 2 (1 ), 2. 4
16 2 2. 4, : (2 ). 4 : ; T = ti ( 2. 2) :,,,,, ;,,,, 2. 1. 2. 3 (1 ),,, 2. 1, 2. 5 (a) 2. 5( a), : T = Ki, i+ 1 + T N ( 2. 3) Ki, i + 1 ; T N ; Ki, i+ 1
2. 1 17. 5 ( a) ( ) ; ( b ) ( ) (2 ),,,,,
18 2,, ;, 2. 5 ( b),, ;, (3 ), :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 2. 1. 3, 2. 1. 3. 1, (1 ) ( ), (2 ) ( ),, (3 ) ( ),, (4 ) ( ),,
2. 1 19. 1. 3. 2, (1 ),, (2 ),,, 2. 1. 3. 3 ( ), (1 ), (2 ) 2. 1. 4 (1 ) ( ),,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ) ;,,, (5 ),
20 2, 2. 1. 5 :,, (1 ); (2 ) ; (3 ) 2. 2 2. 2. 1 (), 2. 2. 1. 1, N,, : (1 ),,, ;,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,, ;,,,,,,,, (4 )
2. 2 21, ( ) 2. 2. 1. 2, V i (1 ) Vi i ; Ri i ; Si i ; ni Vi n = Ri S i ( 2. 4) i = 1 (2 ) Vi = Ri S i ( 2. 5) Ri i ; Si i ; Vi i 2. 2. 2 2. 2. 2. 1,,,, M,, : M0 M = M0,,,,, : (1 ),, ;, (2 ), (3 ) ( ), (4 ),
22 2 5 ),,, M0, M0 N M0 = N,,,,,, M0 > N,,,,, M0 < N,,,, M0 N,,, M0 < N,,, ;, 2. 2. 2. 2,, ( ),, (),, 2. 2. 3 2. 2. 3. 1 ( t) (1 ) (2 ),,,, : ; ( ), : ti = Qi S i Ri Z i = Pi R i Z i ( 2. 6) ti = Qi H i R i Z i = Pi Ri Z i ( 2. 7) ti ;
2. 2 23 Qi Pi ; Si ; H i ; Ri ; Zi,, (3 ),,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,, 0. 5 ( ) 2. 2. 3. 2 ( Ki, i + 1 ),,, 5 ( t = 5 ),, 5, K = 5,,, ;, N, N - 1 : Ki, i + 1 = t + tj - td ( ti ti + 1 ) Mti - ( M - 1 ) ti+ 1 + tj - td ( ti > ti + 1 ) ( 2. 8) Ki, i + 1 ; tj ; td : ( 1),,
24 2 ;, tj (2 ),,,,,,,, td (3 ),, 2. 2. 3. 3 : T = Ki, i+ 1 + T N ( 2. 9) Ki, i+ 1, ; T N,, T N = Mtn 2. 3,,,,,,,, 2. 3. 1, 2. 3. 1. 1,, ( ), (1 ),, ( tj )( td ), tj = td = 0 :
2. 3 25 Ki, i + 1 t = ( t) = Ki, i + 1 i i + 1 T = Ki, i+ 1 + T N Ki, i + 1 = ( N - 1 ) t TN = Mt T = ( N - 1) t + Mt = ( N + M - 1) t (2. 10) Ki, i+ 1 ; T N ; M; N 2. 2 A B C D E,,, 4, : : (2. 10) : T = Ki, i+ 1 + T N = ( N + M - 1 ) t = ( 5 + 6-1) 4 = 40 :, 2. 6 2. 6 () (2 ), ( tj )( td ), tj 0 td 0 : t = Ki, i + 1 = t + tj - td tj i i + 1 ;
26 2 td i i 1 T = Ki, i+ 1 + T N Ki, i+ 1 = ( N - 1) t + tj - td, TN = Mt T = ( N - 1) t + tj - td + Mt = ( N + M - 1) t + tj - td ( 2. 11 ) tj ; td 2. 3 A B C D,, 4, A B 2, C D 1,, : N = 4, M = 3, t = 4, td = 2, tj = 1 (2. 11): T = ( M + N - 1) t + tj - td = ( 3 + 4-1 )4 + 1-2 = 23 () :, 2. 7 2. 7 ( ),,,,,,,, :,, ;,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,
2. 3 27. 3. 1. 2, ( ) (1 ), A., B. : C. Ki, i + 1 = ti + ( tj - td ) Mti - ( M - 1 ) ti + 1 + ( tj - td ) ( ti ti + 1 ) ( ti > ti + 1 ), ( 2. 9) (2. 12) 2. 4 ( N = 4),( M = 3 ), t A = 2, t B = 3, t C = 4, t D = 3,, A, B, 1,, (1 )(2. 12 ) t A = 2 < t = 3, A B 1 t A, Bj K A, B = t A + t A, Bj = 2 + 1 = 3 () t = 3 < t C = 4 K B, C = t = 3( ) t C = 4 > t D = 3 K C, D = Mt C ( 2) - ( M - 1) t D = 34 ( 3 1 )3 = 6 () = 1 () T = K i, i+ 1 + T N = K A,B + K B, C + K C, D + M t D = 3 + 3 + 6 + 3 3 = 21 (), 2. 8 A., ; B.,, ; C., ; D.,,,,
28 2 (2 ). 8,,, ( ) A. B., ( tm in ) : bi = bi ; ti ; tmin C. Ki, i + 1 ti = ti tmin = (2. 13) :,, ;,,,, N, N- 1 D.,, : N, N= bi T = ( N+ M - 1) tmin + tj - td (2. 14) n i = 1
2. 3 29. 5 ( N = 4),( M = 6 ), ta = 2, tb = 6, tc = 4, td = 2,, = 2 () = tmin,bi = t i t min : b A = t A t min = 2 2 = 1( ) b B = t B t min = 6 2 = 3 () b C = tc t min = 4 2 = 2 () : b D = td t min = 2 2 = 1() N= b i = b A + b B + b C + b D = 1 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 7( ) : K A,B = K B,C = K C, D = = t min = 2( ) : T = ( N+ M - 1) t min = ( 7 + 6-1 ) 2 = 24 (), 2. 9 2. 9 A., ; B.,, ; C.,, D.,,
30 2 E, ;,,, :,,,,,, 2. 10 2. 10 2. 9 2. 10,,,, ;,,,, 2. 3. 2,,,,,,,, (1 ) :,,,,, (2 ), ( 2. 4) (2. 5 ),,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;,
K A, B 5 9 11 14 0 K C, D 3 8 10 13 0 2. 3 31. 6,, 2. 1,, 2. 1 A 5 4 2 3 B 4 1 3 2 C 3 5 2 3 D 1 2 2 3 (1 ),,,,,, 0,: KA, B = 6 KB, C K B, C = 4-0 4 5 8 10 5 5 6 6 4 5 8 10 0-0 3 8 10 13 4 2 0 0 K C, D = 8( ) ( 2) - 0 1 3 5 8 3 7 7 8 T = Ki, i+ 1 + T N = KA, B + KB, C + KC, D + 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 6 + 4 + 8 + 8 = 26( ) 2. 11,,,, 2. 3. 3 2. 7, 2. 2, :
32 2. 11 ( 1) 2. 2 ; ( 2), ; ( 3), 2. 2 M i Q(m 2 ) Qi (m 2 ) H i S i P i R i t i 108 0. 98m 2 / 9 1050 0. 0849 / m 2 5 1050 0. 0627 / m 2 11 (1 )2. 2, 2. 3 2. 3 Mi Q (m 2 ) Q i (m 2 ) Hi S i Pi Ri ti 3 108 36 0. 98m 2 / 36. 73 9 4 3 1050 350 0. 0849 / m 2 29. 72 5 6 3 1050 350 0. 0627 / m 2 21. 95 11 2,,,3 ;, Q i = Q / M i : 108/ 3 = 36( m 2 ) 1050/ 3 = 350( m 2 ) 1050/ 3 = 350( m 2 ),,P i = Qi S i 36/ 0. 98 = 36. 73( ) = Q i H i : 3500. 0849 = 29. 72 ( ) 3500. 0627 = 21. 95 ( )
2. 3 33, t i = 36. 73/ 9 = 4( ) 29. 72/ 5 = 6( ) 21. 95/ 11 = 2 () ( 2) : : P i R i b i,,,, t = 4 < t = 6 K, = t = 4 t = 6 > t = 2 K, = Mt - ( M - 1) t = 36 - (3-1 )2 = 18-4 = 14( ) :, 2. 12 T = K i, i +1 + T n = 4 + 14 + 3 2 = 24( ) ( 3) 2. 12 : = t min = 2( ), b i = ti t min, : b = t = 4 2 = 2 () tmin b = t = 6 2 = 3 () tmin : b = t = 2 t min 2 = 1 () N= b i = b + b + b = 2 + 3 + 1 = 6( ) : T = ( N + M - 1 ) t min = (6 + 3-1) 2 = 16 ()
34 2, 2. 13 2. 13 2. 4,,,, 2. 4. 1,, (35 ),, ;,,,, : (1 ),, (2 ),,,, (3 ),
35 (4 ),, 2. 4. 2 2. 8,1600m 2 :,, 106, : 450, 100,106 46,,,,,, 30 ( 2. 10) : T = ( N + M - 1 ) t = ( N + M - 1) t30 (3 + 4-1) t30 t5( ) (),,,,,,,, 1 ( 1) ; (2) ; (3 ) ; (4 ); ( 5) ; ( 6) 2 ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( )
36 2 A B. C. D. ( 4) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 5) ( ) A. B. C. D. (6 ), : M = 5, N = 3, t = 3, t j = 3, t d = 4, ( ) A. 19 B. 20 C. 21 D. 22 ( 7) 200, 25, 0. 8, ( ) A. 12 B. 10 C. 8 D. 6 ( 8) 5,4, ( ) A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3 ( 9), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 10 )800,30,, ( ) A. 25 B. 27 C. 30 D. 28 3 ( 1) ( ) ( 2) ( ) ( 3) ( ) ( 4),, ( ) ( 5),,, ( ) ( 6) ( ) ( 7), ( ) ( 8) ( ) ( 9), t j = 0 t d = 0, ( ) ( 10 ),M 0 < N, ( ) 4 ( 1) ( 2) ( 3)? ( 4)? ( 5)? ( 6)?? 5 ( 1) A B C D, t A = 2, t B = 3, t C = 4, t D = 2 :,,
37 2),,, A B C D E F,? ( 3), N = 4, M = 6, t A = 2, t B = 4, t C = 6, t D = 4 A B 2, ( 4) 2. 4 2. 4 ( ) 1 2 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 4 3 4 2 1 3 2 1 3 5 2 4 3 1 2 3 [ 1] : 7, 50 : (1),? ( 2) [ 2] : 6, : 4, 2, 6 : ( 1),,? ( 2),,
,,, 3. 1 20 50,,,,,,,,, 20 60 1965 6 6 ( ),,,, 20,, WTO,,,,,, 1999 ( JGJ/ T 12199 ), 2002 2 1 3. 1. 1 ( ),,, 3. 13. 2 3. 1 :,, ;,,, ;,,, ;,,
3. 1 39. 2 3. 1. 2 3. 1. 2. 1,, 3. 3, 3. 3 (1 ), ;, ;, ; (2 ) ;,, ;,, ;, 3. 1. 2. 2, : (1 ) ;
40 3,, ;,, ;, (2 ),, ;,, 3. 1. 3,, : 3. 1. 3. 1 (1 ),,, ( CP M) (2 ),, 3. 1. 3. 2 (1 ),,, 3. 1, A, B (2 ),,,, 3. 2, 1 A, 2 B, 5 E 3. 1. 3. 3 (1 ),,, (2 ),,
3. 2 41 ) 3. 1. 3. 4 (1 ),, (2 ),,,,,, 3. 1. 3. 5 (1 ) (2 ) 3. 2,,,,,,, 3. 4 3. 4,,,, 3. 1 3. 2. 1 : 3. 2. 1. 1,,, 3. 5 3. 5 (a ) ; ( b )
42 3 1 ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 3. 6,, 3. 6 A.,, B.,, C., (2 ), 3. 2. 1. 2 ( ) (1 ),, 3. 7 3. 7 (2 ), :,,,,, (3 ),, :,,, i < j;,, 3. 2. 1. 3 (1 ),,,
3. 2 43,,,,,,, ;, 3. 8, 8, : 3. 8 : = 2 + 4 + 2 + 7 + 3 = 18 ; : = 2 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 13 ; : = 2 + 4 + 3 + 7 + 3 = 19 ; : = 2 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 13 ; : = 2 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 14 ; : = 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 12 ; : = 2 + 3 + 3 + 7 + 3 = 18 ; : = 2 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 13,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, 3. 8,, 3. 8 (3 ),, 3. 8 1,, 1 :, ;,,
44 3. 2. 2, :, ;,,,, 3. 2. 2. 1 (1 ) :, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, (2 ) 3. 1 3. 1 1 A B B A, A B 2 A B C A B C 3 A B C A B C 4 A B C A B C A B C, B C
3. 2 45. 1 5 A B C, C A B C A B, A B 6 7 8 ABCD, AB, C D ABCD, A C, A B D A B C D E, AB C, B D E j A B C D D A ( ), ij C B, ik E B 9 A B C D E, A B C D,B C E 1 5, D B C 10 A B,,, 3. 2. 2. 2,, : (1 ) (2 ), 3. 9 (a), A B, 3. 9 ( b) 3. 9 (3 ),, 3. 10 (4 ),, 3. 11 (5 ),, 3. 12
46 3. 10 3. 11 ( a) ; ( b) 3. 12 ( a) ; ( b ) (6 ),, 3. 13 3. 13 ( a) ; ( b ) (7 ),, 3. 14 (8 ), ;,, 3. 15 (9 ) ;,, 3. 16,, 3. 14 ( a) ; ( b )
3. 2 47 3. 2. 2. 3 (1 ). 15 ( a) ; ( b ) ; ( c),,,,, (2 ),,,,, 3. 16,, 3. 1 3. 2, 3. 2 A B C D E F G H I 1 3 4 7 3 5 4 3 1 A A B B C C D E B C D E E F H G E F G G H I I,, : ( 1),,, A B C, A B C ( 2),,,B D, C E, B ( 3),,, H G I,, H G
48 3 (4 ),,B C,,,,,, 3. 17. 17,,,,,, 3. 2. 2. 4,,,, : (1 ), 3. 18 3. 18 (2 ), 3. 19 3. 19 3. 2. 2. 5,,,,,,
3. 2 49 3. 20 3. 20 3. 2. 3,, (),, 3. 2. 3. 1 (1 ) Dij (Day) ij ; E Sij ( Earliest Starting Time) ij ; EFij ( Earliest Finis hing Time) ij ; L Fij ( Latest Finishing T ime)ij ; LSij ( Latest Starting T ime)ij ; T Fij ( Total Float e T ime)ij ; FFij ( Free Float e T ime)ij (2 ) hijk ( ESij ),,,, : 0 ( ij ) ES ij = EShi + Dh - i ( ij ) ( 3. 1) max ( ESh - i + Dh - i ) ( ij ) ( EFij ),, :
50 3 EFi j ES ij + Dij ( 3. 2),, ( L Fij ),, Tc ( Compute T ime) Tr ( Require T ime)tp ( Plan Time) Tc, ( ) Tr T p, T p Tr ;, Tp = Tc,, ( ), : LFij = Tc ( ij ) LF j - k - Dj- k ( ij ) ( 3. 3) min( LFj - k - Dj - k ) ( ij ) ( L Sij ),,,, : LSij = LFij - Dij ( 3. 4) ( T Fij ), ( ),, : T Fij = LFij - EF ij ( 3. 5) T Fij = LSij - ESij ( FFij ), ( ), : FFij = ES j - k - EF ij ( 3. 6),,,,,,
3. 2 51 (3 ) 1) (), 3. 21,,. 21 ( ESij )( EFij ) (3. 1)(3. 2) : ES12 = 0, EF12 = ES12 + D12 = 0 + 2 = 2 ES23 = 2, EF23 = ES23 + D23 = 2 + 1 = 3 ES24 = 2, EF24 = ES24 + D24 = 2 + 3 = 5 ES34 = 3, EF34 = ES34 + D34 = 3 + 0 = 3 ES35 = 3, EF35 = ES35 + D35 = 3 + 5 = 8 ES45 = max ( EF2 4, EF34 ) = max (5, 3 ) = 5, EF45 = ES45 + D45 = 5 + 4 = 9 ES46 = ES4 5 = 5, EF46 = ES4 6 + D46 = 5 + 6 = 11 ES56 = max ( EF3 5, EF45 ) = max (8, 9 ) = 9, EF56 = ES56 + D56 = 9 + 0 = 9 ES57 = ES5 6 = 9, EF57 = ES5 7 + D57 = 9 + 4 = 13 ES67 = max ( EF5-6, EF4 6 ) = max( 9, 11 ) = 11, EF6 7 = ES67 + D67 = 11 + 7 = 18,,,, :,,, Tc 18, : Tc = max( EF5-7, EF6-7 ) = max(13, 18 ) = 18,, ( LSij ) ( L Fij ),,, Tc = T p,, (3. 3 )(3. 4 ) : LF57 = Tp = Tc = 18, LS5 7 = LF57 - D5 7 = 18-4 = 14 LF67 = Tp = Tc = 18, LS6 7 = LF67 - D6 7 = 18-7 = 11 LF56 = LS67 = 11, LS5 6 = LF5 6 - D56 = 11-0 = 11 LF46 = LS67 = 11, LS46 = LF46 - D46 = 11-6 = 5 LF35 = min ( LS57, LS5-6 ) = min (14, 11 ) = 11, LS35 = LF3 5 - D3 5 = 11-5 = 6 LF45 = LF35 = 11, LS45 = LF4 5 - D4 5 = 11-4 = 7 LF34 = min ( LS45, LS46 ) = min( 7, 5) = 5, LS3 4 = LF34 - D34 = 5-0 = 5 LF24 = LF3 4 = 5, LS2 4 = LF24 - D24 = 5-3 = 2 LF23 = min ( LS34, LS35 ) = min( 5, 5) = 5, LS2 3 = LF23 - D23 = 5-1 = 4 LF12 = min ( LS23, LS24 ) = min( 4, 2) = 2, LS1 2 = LF12 - D12 = 2-2 = 0
52 3 :,,,,, ( T Fij )( 3. 5) : T F12 = LS1 2 - ES1 2 = 0-0 = 0 : TF12 = LF12 - EF12 = 0-0 = 0 T F23 = LS2 3 - ES2 3 = 4-2 = 2 TF23 = LF23 - EF23 = 5-3 = 2 T F24 = LS2 4 - ES2 4 = 2-2 = 0 TF24 = LF24 - EF24 = 5-5 = 0 T F34 = LS3 4 - ES3 4 = 5-3 = 2 TF34 = LF34 - EF34 = 5-3 = 2 T F35 = LS3 5 - ES3 5 = 6-3 = 3 TF35 = LF35 - EF35 = 11-8 = 3 T F45 = LS4 5 - ES4 5 = 7-5 = 2 TF45 = LF45 - EF45 = 11-9 = 2 T F46 = LS4 6 - ES4 6 = 5-5 = 0 T F46 = LF4 6 - EF46 = 11-11 = 0 T F56 = LS5 6 - ES5 6 = 11-9 = 2 TF56 = LF56 - EF56 = 11-9 = 2 T F57 = LS5 7 - ES57 = 14-9 = 5 T F57 = LF5 7 - EF57 = 18-13 = 5 T F67 = LS6 7 - ES67 = 11-11 = 0 T F67 = LF6 7 - EF67 = 18-18 = 0, ( FFij )( 3. 6) : FF1-2 = ES2-3 - EF1-2 = 2-2 = 0 FF2-3 = ES3-4 - EF2-3 = 3-3 = 0 FF2-4 = ES4-5 - EF2-4 = 5-5 = 0 FF3-4 = ES4-5 - EF3-4 = 5-3 = 2 FF3-5 = ES5-6 - EF3-5 = 9-8 = 1 FF4-5 = ES5-6 - EF4-5 = 9-9 = 0 FF4-6 = ES6-7 - EF4-6 = 11-11 = 0 FF5-6 = ES6-7 - EF5-6 = 11-9 = 2 FF5-7 = Tc - EF5-7 = 18-13 = 5 FF6-7 = Tc - EF6-7 = 18-18 = 0, T p, T Fij = Tc,, = 0 T p Tc,, 3. 21,,,,, :, ; ;, ;,,,,,,
3. 2 53 ),,,,, 3. 22 3. 22 ( a) ; ( b ), :,, ( ESij ) ( EFij ),, Tc,, ( LSij ) ( L Fij ),, ( T Fij ),, ( FFij ),,, 3. 21, 3. 23 3. 23 3. 23, 18, ; ( ) :, : E S2 4 = E S2 3 = 2, E S45 = ES46 = 5;, : L F57 = L F67 = 18,
54 3 L F 5 = L F45 = 11, L F3 4 = L F2 4 = 5; T Fij F Fij, :,, : T F24 = 0 F F2 4 = 0, T F6 7 = 0 F F6 7 = 0 ;,,,, : T F4 5 = 2 FF45 = 0, T F5 7 = 5 FF57 = 5 3),,, 3. 3 3. 21,,,,,, : 12, 1,, 1,, 12,, E S12 = 0,,, EF1 2 = 0 + 2 = 2, 3. 3 ij D ij ES ij E F ij LF ij L S ij T Fij FF ij 1-2 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 2-3 1 2 3 5 4 2 0 2-4 3 2 5 5 2 0 0 3-4 0 3 3 5 5 2 2 3-5 5 3 8 11 6 3 1 4-5 4 5 9 11 7 2 0 4-6 6 5 11 11 5 0 0 5-6 0 9 9 11 11 2 2 5-7 4 9 13 18 14 5 5 6-7 7 11 18 18 11 0 0 : 23 24,,, 2, 23 24,, 12, E S23 = E S2 4 = EF12 = 2,, EF23 = E S2 3 + D23 = 2 + 1 = 3, EF2 4 = 5,45 46 4, 4 34 24,, 45 46,,, ES45 = ES46 = max( EF34, EF24 ) = 5,,, Tc
3. 2 55 max ( E F57 Tc =, E F67 ) = 18,,,,, :, 57 67, 7,, 57 67,,, L F5 7 = L F67 = Tc = 18,, :46 56, 6 67,,46 56,, 67,, LF46 = LF5 6 = LS67 = 11,, LS46 = LF46 - D46 = 11-6 = 5, LS56 = LF56 - D56 = 11-0 = 11,,35 45 56 57,, 35 45,, L F35 = L F4 5 = min ( L S5 6, LS57 ) = min( 11,14) = 11, L S35 = L F35 - D3 5 = 11-5 = 6,, LS45 = 11-7 = 4,, T Fij = L Fij - EFij = L Sij - E Sij,,,, 3. 3,,, FFij = E Sjk - EFij : 35, 56 57, E S56 = ES57 = 9,, F F35 = E S56 - E F35 = 9-8 = 1,,, 3. 2. 3. 2 (1 ), : E Ti ( Earliest Time)i ; L T i ( Lat est Time)i (2 ) hijk ( E T i ),,, : E T i = E Sij
56 3,,,,,,, :,, ;,, : 0 ( i ) E T i = E T h + Dh - i ( i ) ( 3. 7) max( ET h + Dh - i ) ( i ) ( L Ti ),,,,,,,,, :,, ;,, : Tc ( i ) LT i = LT j - Dij ( i ) ( 3. 8) min( LT j - Dij ) ( i ) (3 ),,,, (4 ), :, E T i = E Sij ;, L T i = L Fh - i (5 ), : T Fij = L T j E T i - Dij ( 3. 9) : T Fij = L Fij - EFij = L T j - E Sij - Dij = L T j - E T i - Dij, ij j i,, :
3. 2 57 FFi j E T j E T i D ij (3. 10) : FFij = E Sj - k - EFij = E Tj E S ij D ij = E Tj E T i D ij, ij j i,,, : T Fij - FFij = L T j E T i D ij - ( E T j E T i D ij ) = L T j E T j (3. 11),, :, (6 ), 3. 24 3. 24,,,, : ET 1 = 0 ET 2 = ET 1 + D12 = 0 + 10 = 10 ET 3 = ET 2 + D23 = 10 + 20 = 30 ET 4 = max( ET3 + D34, ET 2 + D2 4 ) = max (30 + 0,10 + 10 ) = max (30, 20 ) = 30 ET 5 = max( ET3 + D35, ET 2 + D2 5 ) = max (30 + 0,10 + 15 ) = max (30, 25 ) = 30 ET6 = max( ET4 + D46, ET5 + D56 ) = max( 30 + 40,30 + 30) = max(70,60) = 70 ET 7 = ET 6 + D67 = 70 + 20 = 90, Tc, Tc = E T7 = 90,,,,,,, : LT7 = Tc = 90 LT6 = LT 7 - D67 = 90-20 = 70
58 3 LT = LT 6 - D4 6 = 70-40 = 30 LT5 = LT 6 - D56 = 70-30 = 40 LT3 = min( LT4 - D3 4, LT 5 - D35 ) = min( 30-0, 40-0 ) = 30 LT2 = min( LT4 - D2 4, LT 5 - D25, LT3 - D2 3 ) = min( 30-10, 40-15,30-20) = min( 20, 25, 10 ) = 10 LT1 = LT 2 - D12 = 10-10 = 0, T Fij = L Tj E T i D ij, : T F12 = LT 2 ET 1 D12 = 10-0 - 10 = 0 T F24 = LT 4 ET 2 D24 = 30-10 - 10 = 10 T F23 = LT 3 ET 2 D23 = 30-10 - 20 = 0 T F25 = LT 5 ET 2 D25 = 40-10 - 15 = 15 T F34 = LT 4 ET 3 D34 = 30-0 - 30 = 0 T F35 = LT 5 ET 3 D35 = 40-30 - 0 = 10 T F46 = LT 6 ET 4 D46 = 70-30 - 40 = 0 T F56 = LT 6 ET 5 D56 = 70-30 - 30 = 10 T F67 = LT 7 ET 6 D67 = 90-70 - 20 = 0 T F12 = LT 2 ET 1 D12 = 10-0 - 10 = 0, FFij = E T j E T i D ij,,, : FF12 = ET 2 ET1 D1 2 = 10 0 10 = 0 FF24 = ET 4 ET2 D2 4 = 30 10 10 = 10 FF23 = ET 3 ET2 D2 3 = 30 10 20 = 0 FF25 = ET 5 ET2 D2 5 = 30 10 15 = 5 FF34 = ET 4 ET3 D3 4 = 30 30 0 = 0 FF35 = ET 5 ET3 D3 5 = 30 30 0 = 0 FF46 = ET 6 ET4 D4 6 = 70 30 40 = 0 FF56 = ET 6 ET5 D5 6 = 70 30 30 = 10 FF67 = ET 7 ET6 D6 7 = 90 70 20 = 0, Tp = Tc,,, T Fij = 0 T p Tc, 3. 24,,,,
3. 2 59. 25 3. 25 3. 24, 3. 26 3. 26, 3. 4 3. 24,, ;, E Ti ;, Tc ;, L T i ;, T Fij ;, F Fij ;,,, : E Ti L Ti 3. 4 ij Dij T Fij F Fij 1 0 0 12 10 0 0 2 10 10 3 30 30 23 20 0 0 24 10 10 10 25 15 15 5 34 0 0 0 35 0 10 0 4 30 30 46 40 0 0 5 30 40 56 30 10 10 6 70 70 67 20 0 0 7 90 90 7n
60 3. 3,,,,,,, 3. 27,, 3. 28 ; 3. 27 3. 28 : (1 ),,,, (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,,,,
3. 3 61,,, 3. 3. 1, 3. 28 3. 3. 1. 1,,,,,,,, 3. 3. 1. 2,,, 3. 27,,, 3. 3. 1. 3,, 3. 3. 2 3. 3. 2. 1,,, 3. 5 3. 5 1 A B, 2 A B C, 3 A B C, 4 A B C, A, B C
62 3 3. 5 5 A B C, C A B 6 A B C D,A B, C D 3. 3. 2. 2,,, ; ; ; ;,,,, 3. 2 3. 6, 3. 6 A B C D E F 4 5 6 6 2 5 - A A B C C D 3. 29 3. 29 3. 3. 3,,,,,, 6,
3. 3 63 L AGi, j 6,, 3. 3. 3. 1 Di i ; E Si i ; EFi i ; LSi i ; L Fi i ; T Fi i ; FFi i ; L AGi, j i j 3. 3. 3. 2 (1 ), 0,, (), ( i), ( h): E S1 = 0 (1 ) (3. 12) E Si = max( EFh ) ( i ) (3. 13) : EFi = E Si + Di (3. 14) (2 ) Tc,,, n, Tc = E Fn (3 )( L AGi, j ) i j j i, : L AGi, j = E Sj - E Fi (3. 15) (4 ), : L Fn = Tc = T p ( n, ) (3. 16) L Fn = Tr = Tp ( n, ) (3. 17) L Fi = min( L Sj ) ( i ) (3. 18), : L Si = L Fi - Di (3. 19)
64 3 5 ),, : F Fi = Tp - E Fj (3. 20), j i, : FFi = min( E Sj - EFi ) = min( L AGi, j ) (3. 21) (6 ), : T Fi = L Si - E Si = L Fi - E Fi (3. 22),, 0, 0 (7 ) 0, 3. 3. 3. 3 (1 )3. 30 (2 ) 3. 29, 3. 30 : 3. 30,,, 3. 7 3. 7 Di ESi E Fi A 4 0 0 + 4 = 4 B A 5 4 4 + 5 = 9 C A 6 4 4 + 6 = 10 D B C 6 max(9,10 ) = 10 10 + 6 = 16 E C 2 10 10 + 2 = 12 F D E 5 max(16,12) = 16 16 + 5 = 21
3. 3 65. 31 21, L AGi, j L AG1 2 = E S2 - E F1 = 4-4 = 0 L AG1 3 = E S3 - E F1 = 4-4 = 0 L AG3 4 = E S4 - E F3 = 10-10 = 0 L AG2 4 = E S4 - E F2 = 10-9 = 1 L AG3 5 = E S5 - E F3 = 10-10 = 0 L AG4 6 = E S6 - E F4 = 16-16 = 0 L AG5 6 = E S6 - E F5 = 16-12 = 4,,, 3. 8 3. 8 D i L F i L S i F 5 21 21-5 = 16 E F 2 16 16-2 = 14 D F 6 16 16-6 = 10 C D E 6 min( 14,10 ) = 10 10-6 = 4 B D 5 10 10-5 = 5 A B C 4 min(4,5 ) = 4 4-4 = 0 : 3. 31, : T F1 = L S1 - ES1 = 0-0 = 0 T F2 = L S2 - ES2 = 5-4 = 1 T F3 = L S3 - ES3 = 4-4 = 0 T F4 = L S4 - ES4 = 10-10 = 0 T F5 = L S5 - ES5 = 14-10 = 4 T F6 = L S6 - ES6 = 16-16 = 0 3. 31, F F1 = E S2 - E T1 = 4-4 = 0 F F2 = E S4 - E T2 = 10-9 = 1 F F3 = E S4 - E T3 = 10-10 = 0 F F4 = E S6 - E T4 = 16-16 = 0
66 3 F F = E S6 - E T5 = 16-12 = 4 F F6 = Tc - E T6 = 21-21 = 0,, 0, 0 3. 31 0, 3. 31 3. 4, 3. 4. 1, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3 ) ; (4 ) ; (5 ) 3. 4. 1. 1,,, 3. 4. 1. 2,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,
3. 4 67. 4. 2 3. 4. 2. 1 (1 ) 1),,,,,,,,,,, 2), ;, ;, ;, ;,, (2 ), ( ) ( ), 3. 323. 33,, 3. 32 1),,
68 3, Ti, Tc Tc,, ( ),,,,, ;,,,, 0,, 0,,,,,,,, :,, ; ;,, 3. 3 3. 32 : ; 3. 33 3. 34 3. 33 3. 34 2),,,
3. 4 69 0, ;,,,, 3. 4. 2. 2,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, 3. 35 3. 35 3. 35 :,, ;,,,,,, (2 ) 1),, 3. 36 3. 36
70 3,, 3. 35 3. 37 2) : ( Ki, i + 1 ),,, 3. 37 3. 37 ( Ji, i + 1 ), 3. 37 ( Ni, i + 1 ),, ( Di, x ),, 3), 3. 37,, 3. 35, 3. 38 3. 38 ( 3. 35 ) ( 3) 1),
3. 4 71, 3. 40 3. 39 3. 39 () 3. 40 () 2), ;,,,, 3. 41 3),,, 3. 42 3. 41 3. 42 (4 ) ( Ki, i + 1 ),,,, : :
72 3 Ki i+ 1 = ti + tj - td ( ti ti+ 1 ) (3. 23) Mt i - ( M - 1) ti + 1 + tj - td ( ti > ti+ 1 ) ti ; tj ; td,,, 12 :,, :, ;, ;, ( Ji, i + 1 ),,,, : ti+ 1 + tj - td ( ti ti+ 1 ) J i, i+ 1 = (3. 24) M ti + 1 - ( M - 1 ) ti + tj - td ( ti < ti+ 1 ), ( Ni, i + 1 ) ( Di, x ), 3. 5,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;, ; :,, 0, b1 = 0, 0 ;, i, i,, ( )h bh D hi, bh = max ( bh + Dhi ) ;
3. 5 73, 3. 43. 43, : 3. 43 b 1 = 0 b 2 = b 1 + D 12 = 0 + 10 = 10 b 3 = max( b 2 + D 23, b 1 + D 13 ) = max( 10 + 30, 0 + 50 ) = 50 b4 = max( b2 + D24, b3 + D34 ) = max( 10 + 20, 50 + 60) = 110 b 5 = max( b 4 + D 45, b 3 + D 35 ) = max( 110 + 0, 50 + 50) = 110 b 6 = max( b 4 + D 46, b 5 + D 56 ) = max( 110 + 50,110 + 30) = 160,,160 3. 5. 1,,,,, 3. 5. 1. 1,,,,,,,, : ;, ; ;,,,, ;
74 3 : ; ; ;,,, ;, 3. 53. 44, 20,,, 3. 44, 23 3,,, 2,1 3. 45 :,, 3. 44 3. 45 3. 5. 1. 2,, : ( ), ;,, 3. 5. 2,,,, 3. 5. 2. 1 (1 ),,, :
3. 5 75 C C1 + C2 (3. 25) C; C1 ( ) ; C2 ( ),, ;,,, 3. 46 B, T 3. 46 (2 ), ( ),,,,,, : 1),,, 3. 47 3. 47
76 3, N, :,,,,, N, D N, C N M, :,,,,, N, D C, C C M N,,, ( ),,,, ij Cij, : Cij = CC ij D N ij - C N ij - D C ij (3. 26) C C ij ij, ij, ; C N ij ij, ij ; D C ij ij, ij ; D N ij ij, ij 2) M N,,,, 3. 48, 3. 9 3. 9 3. 48 A B C 4 6 9 3200 2600 1800 3. 5. 2. 2,,
3. 5 77,, 3. 6 3. 49,,, ()100, 3. 49,,, 3. 10 3. 10 ij D N ij C N ij D C ij C D N ij ij - D C ij C C ij - C N ij C ij 12 16 900 12 1220 4 320 80 13 18 1500 10 2500 8 1000 125 24 12 1000 6 2200 6 1200 200 25 15 600 11 900 4 300 75 35 22 2000 12 3000 10 1000 100 46 12 1600 8 2400 4 800 200 56 20 2000 10 4400 10 2400 240 67 10 2000 6 2240 4 240 60 11 600 18 860,,, 3. 50 3. 51 3. 50,, T N = 70,, 11 600 3. 51,, T C = 39,, 18 860,70-39 = 31, 18 860-11 600 = 7260, :,,, :
78 3. 50 3. 51 ( ), : tij = min DN ij - D C ij (3. 27),,,, : 3. 50,, 3. 10,,, C 6-7 = 60 /, t 6-7 = D N ij - D C ij = 10-6 = 4 ( ) 3. 52, : T 1 C1 = 70-4 = 66 = 11 160 + 460 = 11 840 3. 52 ( )
3. 5 79 3. 52,,,,,,,,, C 3-5 = 100 /, ( )t 3-5 = min(22-12, 9) = 9 3. 53, : T2 C 2 = 66-9 = 57 = C 1 + 9100 = 11 840 + 9100 = 12 740 3. 53 ( ), 3. 53 : 3. 53,,,,, :,,, C2-5 = 75 /, t2-5 = 15-11 = 4 ;,,,,C 3-5 t 3-5 = 13-12 = 1 = 100 /,, 1,,, 1, 4, :,,, C 2-5 = 75 /, t2-5 = 15-11 = 4 ;,,, C1-3 = 125 /, t 1-3 = 18-10 = 8, :,, 4, 75 + 125 = 200 / :,,, C 1-2 = 80 /, t 1-2 = 16-12 = 4 ;,,, C 3-5 = 100 /, t3-5 = 13-12 = 1 :,, 1, 80 + 100 = 180 /,1,
80 3 3. 54, : 3. 54 ( ) T 3 = 57-1 = 56 C3 = C2 + 1180 = 12 740 + 1100 = 12 840 : 3. 54,,:,,, C2-5 = 75 /, t2-5 = 15-11 = 4 ; :,,,,C 1-3 = 125 /, t 1-3 = 18-10 = 8 :,, 4, 75 + 125 = 200 / :, 240 /, 10,, 200 /, 4 3. 55 : 3. 55 ( ) T4 = 56-4 = 52 C 4 = C 3 + 4200 = 12 840 + 4200 = 13 720 : 3. 55,, : :, 240 /, 10
3. 5 81,,, C 1-2 = 80 /, t 1-2 = 15-12 = 3 ;,,,,C 1-3 = 125 /, t 1-3 = 14-10 = 4 :,, 3, 125 + 80 = 205 /,, 205 /, 4 3. 56 : 3. 56 ( ) T 5 = 52-3 = 49 C 5 = C 4 + 3205 = 13 720 + 3205 = 14 335 : 3. 56,, :,,,,,,, C 5-6 = 240 /,t 5-6 = min( 20-10,7 ) = 7, 3. 57 : T 6 = 49-7 = 42 C6 = C5 + 7240 = 14 335 + 7240 = 16 015 : 3. 57,,: 3. 57 ( ),,: :, C 56 + C 46 = 240 + 200 = 440 /, 3 ; :, C 56 + C 24 = 240 + 200 = 440 /,
82 3,,,,,, 3. 58 : 3. 58 ( ) T7 = 42-3 = 39 C 7 = C 6 + 3440 = 16 015 + 3440 = 17 335 3. 58,,,,,,,, ( 3. 59), 3. 11 3. 11, 57, 18 440 ( ) 3. 59 3. 11 ( ) ( ) () ( ) 70 11 600 7 000 18 600 66 11 840 6 600 18 440 57 12 740 5 700 18 440 56 12 920 5 600 18 520 52 13 720 5 200 18 920 49 14 335 4 900 19 235 42 16 015 4 200 20 215 39 17 236 3 900 21 235 39 18 860 3 900 22 760
3. 6 83. 5. 3,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,,, 3. 6,,,,,,, 3. 6. 1 3. 6. 1. 1,,,, : ( 1) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) 3. 6. 1. 2,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, 3. 7 3. 60,, A, B 1,C 2, D, (1 ), 3. 61
84 3. 60 ( 2),,,, 3. 61 ( 3), 3. 12 3. 12 14 B 24 C 25 D 3. 61 : 3. 62 : : = - ; = - ; =+ ; =- ;, 0,, ; < 0, 3. 62
3. 6 85. 6. 2,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, (1 ) :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 7,, B, 1,,, 1, 3. 63 (2 ),,,,,,,, 3. 63 :,,,,, (3 ),, :, ;
86 3,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),, (2 ),,, (3 ), ( ), (4 ) ; (5 ) : :, : (6 ),
87,, 1 ( 1) ; ( 2) ; (3 ); ( 4) F F ij ; (5 ) ; (6 ) ; ( 7) 2 ( 1), ( ), A. B. C. D. ( 2) A B, TA = 3, TB = 4, T A ES ( ) A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10 = 5, TB ES = 6, ( 3) C D, C 20, D 15, C 7, D 12, ( ) A. 13 B. 7 C. 12 D. 3 ( 4) B 5, 4, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 5) ( ) A., B., C., D., ( 6),,( ) A. B. C. D. ( 7), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 8) A B, A 3,B 2, A ( ). A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5 ( 9), ( ) A. B. C. D., ( 10 ), ( ) A. B. C. D. 3 ( 1), ( ) ( 2) ( ) ( 3) ( ) ( 4) ( ) ( 5) ( )
88 3 6) ( ) ( 7) ( ) ( 8) F F i - j = 0,T F i - j = 0 ( ) ( 9) T Fi - j = 0, F Fi - j = 0 ( ) ( 10 ),,, 1, ( ) ( 11 ), ( ) ( 12 ),, ( ) ( 13 ) ( ) ( 14 ), ( ) ( 15 ) ( ) 4 ( 1)?? ( 2)? ( 3)??? ( 4)? ( 5)?? ( 6)?? ( 7)? ( 8)? ( 9) ( 10 )? ( 11 )? ( 12 ),? ( 13 )?? ( 14 )?? ( 15 )?? ( 16 )? ( 17 )? 5 ( 1) : H A B; F B C; G C D H A B; F B C D ; G C D M A B C ; N B C D H A B C; N B C D ; P C D E ( 2) 3. 13, 3. 13 A B C D E F G H I J K A A A B C D E C F F G H I J B C D E FH G H I J J K K K 2 3 4 5 6 2 2 5 5 6 3 ( 3) 3. 14,, : ES i - j, E F i - j, LF i - j, L S i - j, TF i - j, F F i - j
89. 14 12 20 45 30 810 10 13 40 56 20 811 6 16 28 57 24 910 6 24 8 68 10 1011 4 35 0 78 12 1112 4 36 10 89 0 1213 3 ( 4) 3. 15, : ; 100 /,, ; 3. 15 A 4 600 2 1000 B 6 800 3 1400 C A 8 500 3 1200 D B C 7 600 2 1200 ( 5) 3. 64,7, A 3, D 2, E 1, F 1 : 3. 64 ; ; ( 3. 16) 3. 16 14 A 24 D 25 E 36 F
90 3 1] :, : 3 / 2 / 1 / : : ( 1) () ; ( 2) ; ( 3) 7,,,, [ 2] : 3. 17 : 3. 17 () 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 6 4 1 5 5 2 3 6 3 2 7 4 7 8 5 6 4 9 8 5 10 7 4 11 9 10 7 ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) 15 000, :5 2 ; 3 2 ;7 2 1,10 000
,,, : ( 1) : (2 ) : (3 ) : (4 ) : (5 ): 4. 1,,, 4. 1. 1 (1 ),,, (2 ),,,,,,,, (3 ), (4 ),
92 4 5 ),,,, (6 ) (7 ) (8 ) (9 ) 4. 1. 2, ( ),,,,,,,, 4. 1. 3, 4. 1 4. 1 4. 2,, :
4. 3 93. 2. 1, 4. 2. 1. 1,,,,,,,,, 4. 2. 1. 2 4. 2. 1. 3,,,, 4. 2. 2, 4. 2. 3,,, 4. 3,,,,,,,,, 4. 3. 1,,,,, : (1 ),,,, :
94 4,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ), 35,,,, :,,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,, (3 ) ( ) ( ) (4 ),, ;, (5 ),,,,,,,,,,
4. 3 95,,, 4. 3. 2, 4. 3. 2. 1,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, ;, ;,, 4. 3. 2. 2,,,,, : (1 ),,, (2 ) (3 ),,, ;,, (4 ),,
96 4 ) (), (5 ),,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ), : (1 ),,, (4. 2( a) ) (4. 2( b ) ) 4. 2 ( a) ; ( b ) :,, ;,, ;, :,,,,,, ;,,, (2 ) (, ), (4. 3 (a) )( 4. 3( b ) ) :
4. 3 97. 3 ( a) ; ( b ) :,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, 4. 3. 2. 3, (1 ),, ;, :, :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,
98 4,, ;,,,,,, (2 ),, ; ;,, :,, ;, :,,, :,, 4. 4 4. 4
4. 3 99,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ; (),, : 4. 3. 2. 4,, (1 ), ;,,,,,, ;, (2 ),,,,,,,, :,, ;,, 4. 1
100 4 ( / min) ( W). 1 (mm) 6701B 500 230 270 5. 5mm8mm 6mm 1. 8 6800BD 2500 540 280 6 5mm 1. 3 6801 N 2500 500 285 6mm 6mm 1. 9 6800DBV 2500 350 280 6 5mm 1. 3 6801DB 4000 540 280 6 5mm 1. 5 6801DBV 4000 350 280 6 5mm 1. 5 6802BV 2500 510 265 6mm 1. 7 6806BV 2500 510 267 6. 2mm 6mm 8mm 8mm 6820 V 4000 570 268 5 6mm 1. 3 6905B 1700 440 270 1220mm 2. 7 6906 1700 850 327 1622mm 5. 0 6910 140 1300 389 2225. 4mm 9 6914 30 860 282 M10M12M14 2. 7 6920 N 20 1140 310 M16M20 5. 5 6920B 20 1140 310 M16M20M22 5. 5 6922 H 19 1330 335 M16M20M22 7. 4 6928 9 1530 397 M24M27 12. 9 6821 4000 570 273 6 6mm 1. 3 ( kg),,,, ;,, 4. 3. 2. 5,, (1 ), : ; ; ; ; (2 ) 1. 9
4. 3 101 3 ) ;,, ;, ; ; (4 ),,, ;,, ;, ;,,, ;, (5 ),,,,,,,,, (6 ) : ; ; ; ;
102 4. 4,,,, ( ),, 4. 4. 1 4. 4. 1. 1 : (1 ) ; (2 ); (3 ) ; (4 ), ; (5 ); (6 ); (7 ),,,, ;, ;, ;,, 4. 4. 1. 2 (1 ),,, ( ), (2 ),,,
4. 4 103. 4. 2 4. 4. 2. 1 : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ), ; (4 ); (5 ); (6 ) 4. 4. 2. 2 4. 5 4. 5 4. 4. 3,, 2, 3 4. 4. 4, : 4. 4. 4. 1,,,, : (1 ),,, (2 )
104 4,,, ;,,,,, (3 ),, (4 ),, ;, (5 ),, (6 ),,,, ;,,, (), (7 ),,,, 4. 4. 4. 2,,,, (1 ),,, (2 ),,, (3 ),, (4 ) (5 ),,, (6 ),,
4. 4 105 7 ) 4. 4. 4. 3,, : (1 ), (2 ), (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ),,,,, ( ), 4. 4. 4. 4,,,,,,,,,, : H i = 1 Si Si = 1 H i ( 4. 1) Si ( m 3 / m 2 / m/ kg/ ) ; H i ( / m 3 / m 2 / m / kg),,,,,,, 4. 4. 4. 5,, : Pi = Qi S i ( 4. 2)
106 4 Pi Qi H i ( 4. 3) Pi ( ) ( ) ; Qi ( m 3 m 2 m kg ) 4. 1, 556. 5m 2, 63. 24 / 100m 2, (4. 3) : P i = Q i H i = 556. 50. 6324 = 352( ) 1. 58m 2 /, (4. 2) : P i = Q i S i = 555. 6/ 1. 58 = 352( ),,, : (1 ), (4. 4 ) : P = Pi = P1 + P2 + P3 + + Pn ( 4. 4) 4. 2, 217. 5m 2, 0. 12 / m 2 0. 3 / m 2, P= 217. 50. 12 = 26. 1( ) P = 217. 50. 3 = 65. 25( ) P = P + P = 26. 1 + 65. 25 = 91. 35 ( ) (2 ),, Si Si = Qi = Pi Q1 + Q2 + + Qn P1 + P2 + + Pn = Q1 H1 + Q2 H2 + + Qn H n ( 4. 5) ( m 3 / m 2 / m/ kg/ ) ; Qi () ; Pi ( ) ; Q1, Q2,, Qn ; S1, S2,, Sn Q1, Q2,, Qn 4. 3,, 1120m 2 7828m 2,1. 29 / m 2 0. 862 / m 2, (4. 5) : S = Qi P i = 1120 + 7828 1120 1. 29 + 7828 0. 862 = 8948 1444. 8 + 6747. 736 = 8948 8192. 5 = 1. 1( m2 / ) (3 ),
4. 4 107 (4 ),, (5 ),, (10% 20% ) 4. 4. 4. 6, (1 ),,,,,,, m; m = a + 4c + b 6 a ( ) ; b ( ); c (2 ) ( 4. 6), : t = Q R S N = P R N t () ; Q ( m m 2 m 3 ) ; P ( ) ; R( ) ; S; N (13 ) ( 4. 7),,,,,,, 4. 4, 850,, 12, (4. 7) :
108 4 (3 ) t P R N = 850 71( ) 12 1,,, : R = P N t ( 4. 8) R; P ; t ; N,, ( ),,,, 4. 5, 358,22, (4. 8) : R = P Nt = 358 17 () 22 17,, 2217 = 374,16, 4. 4. 4. 7,,,,,,, U,,,, 4. 4. 4. 8,,,,, ;, ; (1 ),,,
4. 4 109 2 ),,, (3 ),,, 4. 6 ( a),,, 4. 6( b ),, ;,, 4. 6 ( c),,,, 4. 6 (a) ; ( b) ; (c), : K ; Rmax ; K = Rmax R R, ( 4. 9) K 2, 2 K 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
110 4. 5 4. 5. 1,,, : 4. 5. 1. 1, (), 4. 5. 1. 2,, : (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ) ; ( ), (5 ),,,,
4. 5 111. 5. 1. 3, :,, ;, ; ;,, 4. 5. 1. 4 (1 ),,, ;, ; ; (2 ),,,,,,, 4. 5. 1. 5,, 5-3,,,, (1 ),, ( ),,,,,,, (2 ),,, ;
112 4 4. 2 4. 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 4. 5. 2, : 4. 5. 2. 1,, ( ), 4. 3 4. 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4. 5. 2. 2,,,,,, 4. 4 4. 4
4. 6 113. 5. 2. 3, 4. 5 4. 5 4. 5. 2. 4, 4. 6 4. 6 4. 6,,,, 12001500 4. 6. 1 : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ),,, 4. 6. 2 : (1 )
114 4 (2 ),, ;,, (3 ),,, (4 ), 4. 6. 3 (1 ),,,, (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,,,,,, ; ;, (5 ),,, (6 ),,,, (7 ),, 4. 6. 4 : 4. 6. 5 (1 ) (2 ) = ( m2 ) 100% (4. 10) ( m 2 ) = () () 100 % (4. 11)
4. 7 115. 7,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 150, (5 ), 4. 7. 1 4. 7. 1. 1 : ( ) ; : ; :11 500 m 2 ( 8230m 2 ) ; :,, ; : ; : ; : ; : ; : ; 10 : ; 1 : 1400 ; 12 :2002. 6. 25 ; 13 :2002. 11. 25 4. 7. 1. 2 (1 ) :,,
116 4 2 ) L, 64m36m 25m,, A B C 4. 7 4. 7 4. 7 A B OK 17 66 3 15 14 36 (3 ), 3. 5 km,,, (4 ),,,,,, 2002 12 12, 2002 12 18 4. 7. 1. 3,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,
4. 7 117. 7,,,,, 4. 7. 1. 4,, A B C, : (1 ):,,,,,
118 4 2 ) : 11 500m 2 9907m 2,,,, (3 ): 2400m 2, 1000m 2, 2000m (20mm ), (4 ):,,,, 4. 7. 1. 5 ( 4. 8) 4. 8 1 m 2 9907 2 m 2 1012 3 m 2 2368 4 m 2 498 5 m 2 4988 6 m 2 2393 7 m 2 204 8 m 2 2783 9 12mm m 2 113 10 m 2 314 11 1000900 500 m 2 319 12 m 1455 13 ( ) 340 14 m 980 15 83 16 2400 1 17 m 2 302 18 m 2 238 19 m 157 20 851 m 2 2015 4. 7. 1. 6 : (1 ) ( 20 mm ) ; (2 ) 6m ; (3 ),, ; (4 ), ; (5 )DORMA,,, ; (6 )TOTO, ; (7 ) ;
4. 7 119 8 ) ; (9 )2. 4m ; (10) ; (11) ; (12) 12 mm 4. 7. 2 4. 7. 2. 1,,,,,,, 4. 7. 2. 2,, : : ; :,,,,,,, ( 4. 8 ),,,, 4. 8 4. 7. 2. 3 (1 ),,,,,,
120 4 2 ),,,, 4. 7. 2. 4, 12,, 4. 7. 2. 5 : ; :150 ; : 4. 7. 2. 6 (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (2 )4. 9 4. 9 (3 ):,,,,, 4. 10 4. 7. 2. 7 (1 ) ( ) (2 ), 13, 40mm110 110 (3 ) (4 )
4. 7 121. 10 (5 ) (6 ) ( ) () (, ) () (, ) (7 ) ( )
122 4 8 ) ( 4. 11 ) 4. 11 4. 7. 2. 8 ( 4. 9) 4. 9 1 3. 5m5m ( ) 2002. 6. 206. 30 2 200m 2 () 2002. 6. 206. 30 3 ( ) ( ) 2002. 6. 16. 20 4 ( ) ( ) 2002. 6. 16. 20 5 ( ) (, ) 2002. 6. 16. 20 6 ( ) (, ) 2002. 6. 106. 20 7 2002. 6. 106. 20 8 2002. 6. 106. 20 9 2002. 6. 106. 20 10 2002. 6. 106. 20 11 2002. 6. 206. 25 12 2002. 6. 106. 20 13 2002. 6. 156. 25 4. 7. 3 4. 7. 3. 1 ( 4. 124. 13 )
. 12
. 13
4. 7 125. 7. 3. 2 ( 4. 10 ) 4. 10 1 m 92 630 6. 26 2 m 2 10 056 6. 26 3 m 2 810 6. 26 4 10 505 t 18 7. 26 5 20mm m 2 1218 7. 26 6 25mm m 2 2486 7. 26 7 m 1226 7. 26 8 m 2 293 8. 6 9 12mm m 2 119 9. 1 10 m 2 224 9. 16 11 m 2 1199 6. 25 12 m 2 2499 6. 25 13 m 2 1403 7. 15 14 m 2 100 9. 6 15 m 2 5487 10. 26 16 ( ) m 3 73 6. 25 17 m 2 523 8. 16 18 m 2 523 8. 16 4. 7. 3. 3 ( ) ( 4. 11 ) 4. 11 4DSC 16 6. 2611. 25 BX6-160 9 6. 2611. 25 C - 13 10 6. 2610. 25 255 7 6. 2610. 25 400mm 6 6. 2610. 25 355 3 6. 2610. 25 110 5 6. 269. 25 AP - 10N 4 6. 2610. 25 3703 7 6. 2610. 25 6800BV 9 6. 2610. 25 3400BV 4 6. 2610. 25 ML392 1 7. 258. 25 QZ - 16 1 6. 269. 25 3612BR 4 7. 259. 25 MX4012 2 7. 259. 25 NSA1-300 2 7. 258. 30 ( ) 2 6. 2610. 15 :,
126 4. 7. 3. 4 ( 4. 12 ) 4. 12 30 6. 268. 25 30 6. 269. 10 22 7. 69. 25 16 7. 169. 15 30 6. 3010. 25 14 7. 169. 30 12 8. 69. 25 25 7. 2610. 15 6 7. 268. 25 18 6. 2611. 20 12 8. 69. 20 12 9. 111. 15 30 8. 2611. 25 12 7. 218. 30 10. 2611. 25 30 6. 3011. 25 8 6. 3011. 25 4. 7. 4 4. 7. 4. 1,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. 7. 4. 2, : (1 ) 4. 2m, 3. 6 m, 3 4 8,,,, 4. 5m, 3 4 8,,,, 60cm
4. 7 127,, 900mm, UC38, 1/ 200,,, 300mm,,,,,, (),, 150 170mm, 1015mm,,, (2 ), 1100m 2, 10, 505, 10001500mm,, 4, 20mm,,,,,, C20, 40mm,, 1/ 4,, : (3 ),,,,,,,, PVC,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, (4 ),,,
128 4,,, 400mm, 500mm,,,,,,,,, (5 ),, : : 2m, 5mm, 8mm 800mm800mm20mm,,,,,,,,, 13, 40mm,,,, 8mm,,,,,,,,, 110,,, 3,,, (6 ),,, 34mm,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (7 ),,,,,,,,,,, 4. 7. 5 4. 7. 5. 1 (1 ),,
4. 7 129 2 ), QC, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,, (5 ),,,,, (6 ),, (7 ),,, (8 ),,, (9 ),,,, ;,,, (10),,,, : ; ; ; ; ; 24h ; ( );, ; ; ; 1 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 (11), 5% ;, ;,
130 4. 7. 5. 2 (1 ), (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),,,, (5 ),, (6 ),,, (7 ),, (8 ),,, (9 ) (10),, 4. 7. 5. 3 (1 ),,,, (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ),,,, (5 ),,,, (6 ),,,,, (7 ),, (8 ),,, 4. 7. 5. 4 (1 ),,,, (2 ),, (3 ),
4. 7 131 4 ),, (5 ),,,,,,,, (6 ),, (7 ),,,,, (8 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 4. 7. 5. 5, (1 ),, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),, (4 ),, 4. 7. 5. 6 (1 )P VC (2 ) (3 ), (4 )CAD 4. 7. 6 :150 ; :40 395 ; : :268 ; 40 395 150 = 179 ; 1. 5
132 4 11 500 m 2 ; :40 395/ 11 500 = 3. 51 / m 2 1. ( ; ; ; ) ; 2. () ; 3. () 1. : (1 ) ; (2 ); (3 ); (4 ) 2.,, :,, :,,,
133,,, 1 ( 1) ; (2) ; (3 ) ; (4 ) 2 ( 1 ), ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) 3 ( 1), ( ) ( 2) ( ) ( 3) ( ) ( 4) ( ) ( 5) ( ) 4 ( 1) ( 2)? ( 3) ( 4) ( 5),? ( 6)? ( 7)? ( 8)?? ( 9) ( 10 )? ( 11 )? ( 12 )? ( 13 )? ( 14 )? ( 15 )
134 4 [ 1] :,,, : 1. ( 1) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4) ; (5 ) ; (6 ), 2. : (1)? (2)? [ 2], : :? [ 3] : 4. 14 4. 14 : (1)? (2)? (3) 4. 14??
,,,,,, 5. 1,,,,,, 5. 1. 1 : (1 ); (2 ); (3 ); (4 ) ; (5 ) 5. 1. 2 5. 1. 2. 1,,, : (1 ) ; (2 ) ( ) ; (3 )( ) ; (4 ) ( ) ;
136 5 5 ) 5. 1. 2. 2 5. 1 5. 1 5. 1. 3, 5. 2,, : 5. 2. 1 :, ;,
5. 3 137 ; ; ;, ; ; 5. 2. 2, ;,,, 5. 3,,, 5. 3. 1,,,,,,,,, (1 ), ; ; (2 ),, (3 ), (4 ), (5 ),, 5. 3. 2,,,,
138 5. 3. 3,,, 5. 3. 3. 1,,,,, : (1 ), ; (2 ); (3 ), 5. 3. 3. 2,,,, 5. 4,,,,,, 5. 4. 1 5. 4. 1. 1 (1 ), ; (2 ),, ; (3 ), ; (4 ) 5. 4. 1. 2 :,, 5. 1
5. 4 139. 1 (m 2 ) ( ) 5. 4. 2 (1 ),,, ( ), (2 )( ), ( ) (3 ),, ; :,,, (), ( ),,,,,,, 5. 4. 3,, ;, ;
140 5,,,,,, 5. 5 5. 5. 1,, : (1 ) ( ) ; (2 ), ( ); (3 ) ; (4 ), ; (5 ) ; (6 ) 5. 5. 2, 5. 5. 2. 1,, 5. 2,,,,,, 5. 5. 2. 2,,,, 5. 3,
5. 5 141. 2 5. 3 5. 5. 2. 3 ( ),,, 5. 4,,,,,,,, 5. 4 : 8 % 10 %,, 1. 2 1. 5t/ ( ) 5. 5. 2. 4,,, 5. 5,,,, 5. 5
142 5. 5. 2. 5,,,, 5. 6 5. 6 ( / m 2 ) ( ) ( m 2 ) :,, 5. 6 (),, 5. 6. 1 5. 6. 1. 1 (1 ),, ; (2 ),, ; (3 ); (4 ); (5 ); (6 ) ; (7 ), 5. 6. 1. 2 (;,, ; ; ; ) 5. 6. 2, ( ),,, 5. 6. 2. 1,,
5. 6 143, 5. 6. 2. 2 (1 ), ( ), ( ), () ; ( ) ; ( ) (2 ),, 5. 6. 2. 3,,,,,, 5. 7 5. 7 (m 2 ) m 2 / 2 m 2 80 3436 m 2 40 m 2 / 1018 m 2 / 612 m 2 2040 m 2 15 m 2 20 m 2 20 5. 6. 2. 4,
144 5,, 5. 8 5. 8 (m 2 ) 34 ( ) 2. 53. 5 2. 53 2. 02. 5 3. 54 0. 50. 8 0. 020. 07 5. 6. 2. 5,,,,,,, : :,,,,,,, 1 ( 1) ; (2) ; (3 ) 2 ( 1),
145 2) ( 3) ( 4),, ( 5) 3 ( 1)? ( 2)? ( 3)?
,,,,,,,,,,, 6.1 6.1.1, : (1 ), ( ) (2 ),,,, (3 ),,, 6.1.2 6.1.2.1,,,,
6.1 147.1.2.2 :,,,,, 6.1.3 6.1.3.1,,, : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ) 6.1.3.2 (1 ),,,, 6.1 6. 1 (2 ),, ( ), 6.2 (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ), ( ), ( ),,
148 6.2,,,,, 6.3 6.3,,, 6.2 6.2.1,
6.3 149,,,,,,,, 6.2.2 (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ) (6 ) 6.2.3 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ),,,,, 6.3 6.3.1,,,,, 6.3.2 6.3.2.1 (1 ) (2 ),
150 6 3 ) : ; ; (4 ), (5 ) (6 ),, (7 ),, (8 ), (9 ) (10), (11) (12) (13) (14), 6.3.2.2 (1 ),,, (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ),, (5 ),
6.3 151.3.2.3, : (1 ),, : ; ;, ; ; ; (2 ), (3 ) 3 (4 ),,,, (5 ) 6.3.3 : (1 ), (2 ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,, (3 ),,
152 6 4 ),, ; (5 ), (6 ), (7 ), 6.3.4 (1 ),,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),,
6.4 153 ) (5 ),, (6 ),,,,, 6.4 6.4.1 ( ), ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,, 6.4.2,,,,, : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 ), 6.4.3, 6.4
154 6. 4 6.4.4 6.4.4.1, : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ); (4 ), ; (5 ),,, 6.4.4.2,,,
6.4 155, : (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ), (6 ) (7 ) (8 ) (9 ) (10) (11) 6.4.4.3 (1 ),,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,,, 6.4.4.4, : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) (8 ) 6.4.4.5,,
156 6 : ; ; ;,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; 6.4.5 6.4.5.1,,, (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ), (5 ) (6 ) (7 ), 6.4.5.2,, : (1 ),, (2 ) (3 ),, (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) (8 ) (9 ),, 6.4.5.3,,
6.4 157,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,, (5 ),,,, ;, ;,,, 6.4.6 6.4.6.1,,,,,, : (1 ); (2 ) ; (3 ); (4 ); (5 ) : (1 ) ; (2 ); (3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ) ; (6 ) ; (7 ); (8 ); (9 ) ; (10) ;
158 6 11) ( 2025 ) ; (12) ; (13) ; (14) ; (15) 6.4.6.2, : (1 ), ; (2 ), ; (3 ), 5% ; (4 ), : (1 ),, (2 ),,, 6.4.6.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.5 6.5.1 (), 6.5.2 (1 ),,
6.5 159 ; (2 ),,, ; (3 ) ; (4 ),, 6.5.3 (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),, ( ),,,,,,,, (4 ),,, 6.5.4, : (1 ), (2 ), m m 2 m 3 kg t ; (3 ),,
160 6 4 ) (5 ),,,,,,, 6.5.5, ;,, : (1 ),, (2 ), ;,, ( ),,, (3 ),, (4 ),, 6.5.6,,,,,,, 15 : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ),
6.6 161 4 ) (5 ), (6 ) (7 ), (8 ) (9 ) (10),,, (11),, (12),,, ( ) (13), (14), (15) 6.5.7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.6,,,,,
162 6.6.1,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 6.6.2,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.6.3,, 6.6.3.1,,,,,,,,, :
6.6 163 1 ),,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),,,,,, 6.6.3.2,,,,,,, (1 ), (2 ),,, (3 ),,, ;,,, : (1 ) (2 ),,,, (3 ), (4 ),,,, (5 ),,, (6 ),,, 6.6.3.3,,
164 6,,, : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ), (4 ),,,, : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) ( ) (5 ) 6.6.4 :, ; ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,, 6.6.4.1 6.6.4.2 ( ) ( ),,,
6.6 165.6.4.3 ( ) () (),, 6.6.5,,,, : 6.6.5.1, ( ) : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ): = 100% ( 6. 1) (4 ), 6.6.5.2 : = - 6.6.5.3 : (1 ) : = (2 ) : 6.6.5.4 100% ( 6. 2) ( ) = 100% ( 6. 3) : (1 ), (2 ),
166 6.6.5.5 (1 ): = 100% ( 6. 4) (2 ): 6.6.5.6 = 100% ( 6. 5) : (1 ) : = - ( 6. 6) (2 ) : = 100% ( 6. 7) (3 ) : = - ( 6. 8) (4 ) : 6.6.5.7 = 100% ( 6. 9) : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) 6.6.5.8 = - - (6. 10) = - - (6. 11) = - - (6. 12) = = = 100 % (6. 13) ( ) 100% (6. 14) + 100% (6. 15) : (1 ) (2 ):
6.6 167 6.6.6 6.6.6.1 (1 ) 100% (6. 16),,, ( ),,,,, (2 ), ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,, 6. 5 6. 5, (3 ),,,,,,,,
168 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),, :,, ( ),,,, (),,,,,,,,,,, 6.6.6.2, (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),
6.6 169,,,, 6.6.6.3,,,,,,,, 6.16.26.3 6.1 ( % ) 6.2 ( ) 1 2 3 4 + + # = : + 1 2
170 6 6.2 ( ) 1 2 3 4 + + # = : + 3 * O 6.3 ( + - ), : (1 ),, 23, (2 ) (3 ), 6.6.6.4,,,
6.6 171,,,, (1 ), (2 ), (3 ),,, : (1 ),, : = 100 % (6. 17) = - (6. 18) = 100 % (6. 19), (2 ) = - (6. 20), : = 100% = - 100% (6. 21), : = 100% (6. 22), : = (6. 23),, ; ; ; ; ;, ;
172 6 1 ( 1) ; (2 ) ; (3) ; (4 ) ; (5 ) 2 ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6) 3 ( 1)? ( 2)? ( 3)? ( 4)? ( 5)? ( 6)? ( 7)? ( 8)? ( 9)? ( 10 )? ( 11 )? ( 12 )? ( 13 )? ( 14 )? ( 15 )?,, : ( 1) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4) ; ( 5) ; ( 6) ; ( 7) ; ( 8) ;
173 9) ; ( 10 ) ; ( 11 ) ; ( 12 ); ( 13 ) A B C D, 6.4 6.4 A B C D ( ) 3420 3528 3600 3636 ( ) 460 455 460 450 : ( 1) (3600 ) 3%, : - 3 % 100, - 3%,1% 5 ; ( 2) 500,: 10 % 100, 5 2 ; ( 3) ; ( : C 100, A B D 95 ; : A B 100, C D 95 ) ( 4) 4 : 45% ; 25% ; 15 % : ( 1)?, ( 2) 6.5, 6.5 ( ) A B C D ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
,,,, 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 7.1.2.2,, : (1 ), (2 ),, (3 )
7.1 175 4 ), (5 ) 7.1.2.3,,, ;, ;, : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 7.1.2.4 : (1 ) ;,, (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ), (7 ) (8 ), (9 ),, (10) (11) : (1 ) (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,
176 7 4 ), (5 ) (6 ), (7 ), : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ),,, 7.1.3 7.1.3.1,, 7.1.3.2, ;,,, 7.1.3.3 : (1 ), (2 ), (3 ) (4 ) (5 ), : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ), 10% : (1 ) (2 )
7.1 177 3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) (8 ) (9 ) (10) (11) (12) (13), 7.1.4, ( PDCA),,,,, 7.1.4.1 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.1.4.2 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
178 7.2 7.2.1,,,,,, 7.2.2, :,,,,,,,, 7.2.3 (1 ), (2 ) (3 ),, (4 ),, (5 ) (6 ) 7.2.4,, 7.2.4.1 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 7.2.4.2 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 )
7.2 179 5 ) (6 ) 7.2.4.3, (1 ) (2 ) : 7.1 7.1 ( % ) 7.2 7.2 ( m 2 ) (m 2 ) ( ) 7.3 7.3 ( m 2 ) ( m 2 ) ( m 2 ) ( m 2 ) (m 2 ) ()
180 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 ( + ) ( - ) 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8
7.2 181 7.9 7.9,,,, 7.2.4.4 (1 ), (2 ) (3 ),,, 7.2.4.5 (1 ), :,,,
182 7,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.2.5 7.2.5.1,,,,, 7.2.5.2 : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) 7.2.5.3 : (1 ),,, (2 ),,, 7.2.5.4 : (1 ) (2 ) (3 )
7.2 183.2.5.5 (1 ),, (2 ) 7.2.5.6,,,,,, :,, 7.2.6 7.2.6.1 (1 ),,, (2 ),,, :,, ;,,, ;, ;, ; ;, (3 ),,,,,,,, : :, ; ; ; : ; ;,, (4 ),,,
184 7,,,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,,,, 7.2.6.2,, ; ;,,,, (1 ),,,, ;, ; ;, ;, ;, (2 ) ; ;, ;, ;, ; 7.2.6.3,,, (1 ) : ; ; ; ;, (2 ) :,, ; ;
7.3 185 2m ;, (3 ), :,, : ; ; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; (, ),,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,, 7.3 7.3.1 ( ) 7.3.1.1 (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (2 )
186 7,,,,,, (3 ) :,,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,, : ; ; ;,,,,, 7.3.1.2 (1 ),,
7.3 187 ;, : : (2 ) = (306 ) 12 = 25. 5 = 25. 5 =,, : ; ; ; (3 ),,,,,,,,, 7.3.1.3 ( ) (1 )( ) ( ) :,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,, (2 ),,,
188 7,,,, 1, 10, 3, 1, :, ; ; (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, :, (4 ),,,,,,,,,, : ;,, () ; ;,,,, 7.3.2 7.3.2.1,,
7.3 189 : (1 ),, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ), 7.3.2.2 (1 ),,,,, ( ), ( ),,, (2 ), 7.3.2.3,,, (1 ),,, (2 ),, (3 ), ( ),
190 7.3.2.4 (1 ), : ; ; ; ; (2 ),,,,,, : : = :, : = m 2,, : = - + : = + - - (3 ),,,,,,,,,, 7.3.2.5 (1 ),,
7.3 191,,,, (2 ) : ;, ;, ; ;,,,, 7.3.2.6 (1 ) : ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, :,,,, ;,, () ;,,, ;,,, (3 ), :,,,, ; ;, ;, 7.3.3 7.3.3.1,,,
192 7, 7.3.3.2 (1 ),,,,, :,,,, ;,, ;, ; ; ;, ; (2 ),, :,,,,,,,,,, 7.3.3.3, : (1 ) ;, (2 ), ( ) (3 ) ( ),, ( ) (4 ) ( ) ( ),, (5 )( ) : (1 ) ( )( ) (2 ) ( ) (3 ), ( ), (4 ),, ( ),
7.3 193, ( ) (5 ) ( ), 7.3.3.4 ( ) ( ), (),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ): (), ; (), 7.3.4 7.3.4.1,, ;,,,, 7.3.4.2 :,,,,,,, 7.3.4.3, : (1 ),, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,,,
194 7.3.4.4 (1 ), (2 ), :,,, 7.3.4.5 (1 ),,,,,, ( ) : ; ;, ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ;, () :, ; ; ; ;, ;,,, ;,, () :,, ;, ; ;, ; ; ;, ;
7.3 195,,,,, :, ;,, ;,, ;, ;,, ; ;, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, ( ),,,, ;,, ( ),, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,
196 7, ( ), ;, ( ) ;,, ;,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,, (6 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (7 )
7.3 197,,, :,,,,,, : ;, ; ;, ; ;,, : ; ; ; ;,,,,,,, 7.3.4.6 (1 ),,,,,,, :,, ; ; ;, ;,,,, ( ), ( ),,,, (2 ),
198 7 ; ;, ; ;,,, :, ;,,, ; ;,, 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.1.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.4.1.2 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 7.4.1.3 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 7.4.1.4 (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), 7.4.2 (1 ),
7.4 199,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, ; (3 ),,,,,, (4 ),, ( ), 7.4.3 7.4.3.1 (1 )7.10 7.10 ( ) ( ),,,,,,,
200 7 2 ) 7.1 7. 1 7.4.3.2 (1 ) :, ; :,,, :, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; ; ; ;, (2 ) :,, ;,,, ;,, ;,, (3 ) : ; ;, ;
7.5 201.4.4,,,,,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ), (4 ) 7.5 7.5.1,,,,,,,, 7.5.1.1 ( TQC TQM),, ( ), ( ),, :,,, :
202 7 1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ), ( QC ) (7 ) 7.5.1.2 PDCA 20 60 (1 ) PDCA PDCA,, ( Plan) (Do) ( Check)(Action) ( P ),, :,,,,,,,,, (D),, PDCA ( C),, PDCA ( A), :,,,,,,,,, (2 ) PDCA PDCA : PDCA,,, ; PDCA,, (, PDCA, PDCA,, ) ; PDCA,,, ; PDCA, 7.5.1.3 (1 ),,,,,,
7.5 203 (2 ),,,, : (3 ),, ;,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,, :,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,, 7.5.1.4 (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,
204 7,,,,,,,,, (2 ), : ; ; ; ;, : ; ;,,,,,, :,, ;,,, (3 ) PDCA (4 ), : 7.5.2 7.5.2.1,,,, 7.5.2.2 (1 ), ; (2 ) ;
7.5 205 3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ) ; (6 ), ; (7 ),,, ; (8 ),, 7.5.3 7.5.3.1,,,,, 7.5.3.2 (1 ) : ( ) ; ; (2 ) : ; ; ; (, ) (3 ),,,,,, ( ), ( ),
206 7.5.3.3,, 7.6 7.6.1,,, ;,,,,, 7.6.2 (1 ); (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 ) ; (5 ) ; (6 ); (7 ) 7.6.3 7.6.3.1 2m 2m, :25m, 515m,1530m, 30m : ; ;,, ; (), 7.6.3.2, :
7.6 207 1 ) ; (2 ),, ; (3 ), 3m ; (4 ), ; (5 ),,, 7.6.3.3 (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ), :1 kv 1. 5m, 120kV 2m, 20110 kv 4m (4 ), () 5m (5 ) ( ),,, 7.6.3.4 (1 ),, (2 ), 10 m, 6m, 2. 5m, 10m,,, (3 ), (4 ), (5 ), (6 ), (7 ),,, (8 ), 10m, 7.6.3.5 (1 ),,, (2 ):, ; ; : 5m,
208 7 m; 30m; 7.6.4,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.7 7.7.1, 7.7.2 (1 ) :, ;, (2 ), (3 ),, 7.7.3,,,,,,,,, : 7.7.3.1, (1 )
7.7 209, ( ),,,,,,, 20 %, 15%, 5% 10%, ( ),, :,,, ;,,, ( ),,,, ; ( ),, (2 ),,,, : ; ;, ;, 7.7.3.2, ( ),,,,,, : (1 ) (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,
210 7, (4 ),,,, (5 ),,,, ;, ;, ( ) ; (6 ), (7 ) (8 ) : ( ),,, ;,,, ;,, ;,, ;,, ( ) 7.7.3.3,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,, : :
7.7 211,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,, 7.2 7. 2
212 7.8 7.8.1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.8.2,, : (1 ); (2 ); (3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ) ; (6 ) ; (7 ); (8 ), 7.8.3, : (1 ); (2 ) ; (3 ); (4 ); (5 ) 7.8.4, ( 30 ),,
213,,, : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) :,,,,, ;, ; ;, ;,, ;, ;, ;, 1 ( 1) ; ( 2) ; (3) ; (4 ); (5) ; (6 ) ; (7 ) ; (8) ; (9 ) ; (10) ; (11 ) ; (12 ) ; (13) ; ( 14 ) ; ( 15) ; (16) ; ( 17 ) ; (18) ; ( 19 ) ; ( 20 ) 2 ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5)
214 7 6) 3 ( 1)? ( 2)? ( 3)? ( 4)? ( 5)? ( 6) ( )? ( 7)? ( 8)? ( 9)? ( 10 )? ( 11 ) PDCA? ( 12 )? ( 13 )? ( 14 )? ( 15 )? ( 16 )? ( 17 )? :,,10, 10,,, : ( 1)?? ( 2)? ( 3),?
; ; ;,,, 8. 1 ( ),, 8 85,, 8. 1. 1 :,, ;,,
216 8,,, 8. 1. 2 8. 1. 2. 1,, (1 ) ( ), (2 ), 15, (3 ) 3,,, 3 (4 ), 1,,, 1,,, 6, 8. 1. 2. 2 ( ),,,,,,,,,, 8. 1. 3 8. 1. 3. 1,,
8. 2 217,,,,,, 8. 1. 3. 2 ( ) 8. 1. 4,,,, 8. 1. 5,,,,,, 8. 1. 6, 8. 2 8. 2. 1 1980,, 1998 8 29 ( ),, 8 86, 8. 2. 1. 1
218 8 ;,, ;,,,, ; ; 8. 2. 1. 2,,,,,, ;,,,, 8. 2. 1. 3 (1 ), ( ),,, (2 ),,, : ; 35 ; 70,,,,,,,, (3 ),, 3
8. 2 219 10,,, 3 46,, 3 15,, (4 ),, : ;, ;, ;, ;,, 8. 2. 2 1999 8 30, 2000 1 1, 8. 2. 2. 1 (1 ), ( ),,,, : ; ;,,, (2 ) ( ) ()
220 8,,, (3 ), (),,, :, ;, ; ;, (4 ),,,,,,, ( ),,,, 15,, 8. 2. 2. 2 (1 ), : ; (2 ),,
8. 2 221, ( ),,,,,, ( ),, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8. 2. 2. 3 (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,
222 8 2 ),,,,,,, ;,,, ; : ;,, (3 ),,,,, 30,,, 15, 8. 2. 3 1978,, 1999 3 15 (), 1999 10 1,, 23 428 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 8. 2. 3. 1,, : (1 )
8. 2 223, (2 ),,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,, 8. 2. 3. 2 (1 ),, : ;,,, (2 ),, () 8. 2. 3. 3 (1 ),,,,, ;,,, (2 ),,
224 8, ;, ; ; ; (3 ),,,,, 8. 2. 3. 4 (1 ),, (2 ),,,, : a., ;, b., ;, c.,, ;, ;, d.,,, e., f.,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,
8. 2 225,,,,, : ;, ; ;, (3 ),,,,,,, ( ) (),,,, 8. 2. 3. 5 (1 ),, (2 ) 8. 2. 3. 6, : (1 ), (2 ),,, (3 ),,
226 8 (4 ) (,, ),,, (5 ), (6 ),, (7 ) 8. 3, 8. 3. 1 2002 3 5, 2002 5 1,,, 8 48 8. 3. 1. 1 (1 ), :, ;, ; ;,, ;, ;, ; (2 ),, : ;, ; ; (3 ), :,,
8. 3 227,,,, ;,, 8. 3. 1. 2, ( ),,,,, ;, 8. 3. 1. 3,,,, : (1 ); (2 ), ; (3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ), ; (6 ) ; (7 ) ; (8 ); (9 ) 8. 3. 1. 4,,,,,, 8. 3. 1. 5,,,,,,,
228 8. 3. 2, : 8. 3. 2. 1 (1 ) 5 3 1000, 8 ; 8 ; 40, 30, ;, 10 5 1000, 1200 3 3000 (2 ) 5 2 500 10 50, 5 ; 5 ; 25, 20, ;, 5 5 500, 600 3 1000 (3 ) 3 3 20, 3, 5 ; 15, 10, ;, 2 2 50, 60
8. 3 229 100 8. 3. 2. 2 ( ) 1200 ( ) 60 ( ) 8. 3. 3,, : 8. 3. 3. 1 (1 ) 6, 5 1000,, 100 15, ( ) 8, 1,, 15m 2 (2 ) 4, 3 500,, 50 10, ( ) 5, 1,,, 15m 2 (3 ) 2, 3 250
230 8, 20 6, ( ) 3, 1,, 1, 75%, 15m 2 8. 3. 3. 2 8. 1 8. 1 80 000m 2 20 00080 000m 2 500020 000m 2 5000m 2 2 4 2 1000 4000 1000 100m 50100m 2450m 24m 20 1220 12 100 000m2 100 000m 2 50 000m 2 150 000m 2 10 000m 2 ( ) 8. 3. 4,,,, 8. 3. 4. 1,,, ; ; ; ;
8. 3 231, : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ), (4 ) (5 ) : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 8. 3. 4. 2,, 8. 3. 4. 3 : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 8. 3. 5 10,, 9, ( GB 503002001 ), 8. 3. 5. 1,,,,
232 8. 3. 5. 2,,, 8. 3. 5. 3,,,,, ;,, (), 8. 3. 6, : (1 ) (2 ) 8. 3. 6. 1 (1 ),,, 8. 2 8. 3, 8. 2 1. 0 1. 0
8. 3 233. 3 A B 1. 0 1. 3 1. 3 1. 9 A, A, A B, (2 ),, 8. 4 ; ( mg/ m 3 ) ; 8. 48. 58. 6 E 1 0. 12 8. 5 8. 6 (mg/ 100g,) ( mg/ L) E 1 9. 0 E 2 > 9. 0,30. 0 E 1 1. 5 E 2 > 1. 5,5. 0 E1 ; E1, E2, (3 ), ( TVOC) ;,, ( TVOC ),,, ( O/ W ) (4 ), ( TV OC ) ;, ( TV OC ),,,
234 8 5 ), ( TVOC ), 0. 1% 8. 3. 6. 2,,,,, ;, 3 5,,, 5,, GB/ T 177851999, 8. 3. 6. 3,,,,,,,,, 8. 3. 6. 4, 7, : (1 ) ; (2 ); (3 ), ; (4 ) ; (5 ) ( ),, 8. 7
8. 3 235. 7 (Bq/ m 3 ) 200 400 ( mg/ m 3 ) 0. 08 0. 12 (mg/ m 3 ) 0. 09 0. 09 (mg/ m 3 ) 0. 2 0. 5 TVOC( mg/ m 3 ) 0. 5 0. 6,, 5%, 3 ; 3,,,, 3, : 50m 2, 1 ; 50100m 2, 2 ; 100m 2, 35 2,, 0. 5m, 0. 81. 5m, ; ; ; ;, ;, ;, ; ; ;, ;, ; ;,
236 8,,,,, 1 ( 1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4 ) ; (5 ) ; ( 6) ; (7) ; (8) ; (9 ) ; ( 10 ) 2 ( 1),, ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5), ( 6),, ( 7),,, ( 8),,, ( 9) ( 10 ) ( 11 ), ( 12 ), ( 13 ) ( 14 ) ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 17 ), ( 18 ),,, 3 ( 1) ( ) ( 2) ( )
237 3) ( ) ( 4) ( ) ( 5), ( ) ( 6), ( ) ( 7),, ( ) ( 8),, ( ) ( 9) ( ) ( 10 ),, ( ) ( 11 ), ( ) ( 12 ) ( ) ( 13 ),, ( ) ( 14 )60 ( ) ( 15 ) ( ) ( 16 ), ( ) ( 17 ), ( ) ( 18 ),, ( ) ( 19 ) ( ) 4 ( 1)?? ( 2)? ( 3)? ( 4) ( 5)? ( 6)? ( 7)? ( 8)? ( 9)? ( 10 ),,? 1 : 2, 15,,, :? 2 :,,, :?
,,,,,,, 9. 1 :, 2004 6 1 2004 12 30 4 : () 1. 2. () () 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. () ()
9. 1 239 ) () () : 1.,? 2.? 1: (1 ) (2 ) 2: :,, 1. (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ) ; (6 ) 2. : 1.? 2., 1: 2: : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) :
240 9,, : (1 ); (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 )() ; (5 ); (6 ); (7 ) :,? : (1 ); (2 ); (3 ) 9. 2 :, ( 9. 1 9. 1 ), ( ) 84 95 9. 1 ( : ) 9. 1 ( ) A 0 0 2 B 3 1 0 C 2-1 0 D 2 2 0 E 0-2 2 F 3 0 3 G 0 0 2 H 3 4 9 13 4 9