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: : : : : : :
,, 1995 8 15,,,,, :,,,, 1997 8,,,,,,, 1
, 18741945,,,, 1998,, 1520,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2
, 3
1995,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1998,,, 1999,,,,,,,, 1941 12,,, 1
??,,?,,?,,?,,?,,?,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2
),,,, : ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2002 12 4
1 1 1 5 8 11 12 14 15 30 55 61 62 72 84 106 138 1
139 149 169 176 177 192 198 205 214 215 221 233 19351936 243 265 266 278 2
286 302 302 315 339 352 352 364 375 380 380 ( ) 380 ( ) 389 ( ) 392 ( ) 393 ( ) 396 ( ) 3
( 19311941 ) 403 404 99 424 4
,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1918 1,, ;,,,,, 1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 2
,,, 1921 8,,,, 60 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, :, 106,, 1932 3
,,,,?,,,,, 1929,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 19 25 4
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1902,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( Hall), :,,, 5
,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 49,, 1919 6
,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 6,, 1980 : 6, 307, 304 :, 223, :, 1975 7
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1935 1936,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, :,,, 10
,???,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 400 ( ),,,,,, 12
2600,,,,,,, 13
,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( 1), 39, 1932 14 38
,,,,,,,,,,,??, 15
1896,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1896 6 ) :, ( ), 9, :, : ( 1),, : 3, 123 16
,, ( 2), ;, ;, ;, ( 3 ),,, : ( 1 ) ( 2), ; ; ( 3), ;, ( 4),,, ;,,,, 1898 3,,,, (, ),,, 7, :, 69 72,, 1934, 75 17
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ( Treaty of Portsmouth) :,, 78 79 18
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,,, 12,,, 111 19
),,,, :, ( ),,, ( ) :,, The Imperial Japanese Government engage that in regard to the leased territory as well as in the matter of railway construction and exploitation, they will, so far as circumstances permit, conform to the original agreements concluded between China and Russia. In case any question arises in the future on these subjects, the Japanese Government will decide it in Consultation with the Chinese Government,,,,, 39 : 8, ( Mac Murray) 20 87,, 37,, 1935So far as
, ( so far as circumstances permit),,,,,,,,,,,,,,?, ; ;, 1898,, :,, ( ) 21
,,,,,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,, (, ),,,,,, 76 22
;,, ( ) :,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 23
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :, ( ),,, ( ),,,,, 76 7, 479, 39 24
:,,, :, :,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,, 69 72 : 7, 483, 40 8, 89 25
( ),, :,, ( ),,,,,,, :,,,,,, The Japan Chronicle, Sep. 28. 1905, p. 421, 119,, 1935 : 7, 26 483 38, 1, ( ), 38, 1,
,, ( ) ( ),,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, League of Nations, Report of The Commission of Enquiry, p. 33, 108 27
;,,,,, ( ), : The South Manchuria Railway Areas. ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 69 72, 78 79 28
,?, :,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 70 71 29
), ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,, Administration, Administration absolu ex-, 75, 78 30
, Administration, absolu, exclusif, Administration,,,,,,,,? Administration,,,,,,,,,,, 31
,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 1898, 1900 32
1902,,,,,, 1899 6,, 1915,,,,, 33,, ( ), 1902, Fletcher to Knox, U. S. Foreign Rela tions, 1910, p. 264, 45 1915 :,,,
,,,,,,, 1915?, ( Harriman),, ( Knox ) ( Streight), 1906,,, ( Pauling), 1907 8 9, 1905 ( ),,,, :, 171 8, 102, 34
0 11, 1907 11,, 1908 ( Willard Straight) :,, ;,,, (, ),,, 1932 1 16,,,, :,, W. Young, Japan s Special Position in Manchuria, p. 100, 50 W. Young, Japan s Special Position in Manchuria, p. 102 103, 50 Report of The Commission of Enquiry, p. 44. 35
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1899 6,,, 1902 : ( ),,, 111 7, 478, 39, 111 36
,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, : ( 1) ; ( 2),,,, ; ( 3),, 111 7, 478, 51 52 37
,,,,,,,,, :, : ( 1 ), ; ( 2),,, ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4),, :,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 118 119, 120 122 38
,,,,,,, 1898 1907 : ( John Hay) ; 190219051911 1907,,,,,, :,,, 1902 :,, 1905 :,, 1911 :,, 39
( ), :,, ( Hornbeck),, : ( C. W. Young),,,, 1898, : 1905,, (,, Lawton, Empires of The Far East, Vol. II, pp. 1216 1217, 55 Pooley, Japan s Foreign Policies,, 55 40 p. 50 Hornbeck, Contemporary Politics in The Far East, p. 259, 55 C. W. Young, Japan s Special Position in Manchuria, pp. 118 119, 56
,,,,, ) (, ),?? ( )?,?,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ;,,,,,, ; 41
( ),, 1902, ( ),,,,,, 1905, 1907 ( ), ( ),,, 1907 : 1908 11,, :,, 1912,,,, 1915,, :, 46, 46, 66 42
,, 1918, : ), (,,,,,,,,,,, : 5, : 6,, 68 89 340 43
, 20%,,,,, 1913,,,,,,,,,, 5 %,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ) 1907, :, : 6, 20, 168 169 273 285 44
, ( ), 1909 1917, : ( ),,, ( ),, 1918,, 6,,, 1925 ( ),,,,,,, ;, (, 46, 238 1928, 45
,,, 1910 1920,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),, 1917,,,,,,,,,,, 1918,,, 1919, Millard, Diplomacy and the Eastern Question, pp. 303 309, 82 46
1920,,, ( ), :,,, ;,, ; : ( ) ( ), ( ) 1920,,,,,,,,,,, Weigh, Russo-Chinese Diplomacy, pp. 232 233, 83 Norton, The Far Eastern Republic of Siberia, pp. 123 124, 83,, 47
,,,,,,,, ( ), :,,,,,,,,,,, 1906, 1907,,, :,,,,? 1902 (, 1902, ) 2, 224,, 1932 : 3, 223 259 48
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 39 49
,,,,, 1908 :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 15,,,, 12 ( ) 1908 12,,,,,,, Chinese Assessor s Document, No. 15, pp. 20 22, 52, 139, 41 8, 89 90 Millard, American and the Far Eastern Question, p. 270, 88 50
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,, :,,,,,, 5, 204 209 ; Lawton, Empires of The Far East, Vol. II, pp. 1240 1244 Harrison, Peace or War East of Baikal? pp. 550 535, 89 51
,, 1911,,,,, 1905 ( ),,,,,,, ;,,,,, :, Shubsi Hsu, The Treaties and Notes of 1915, p. 409, 89 Young, Japanese Jurisdiction in The South Manchuria Railway Areas,, 90 pp. 194 195 Report of The Commission of Enquiry, p. 44. 52
, : ( ),,, (, ),,,,?? 1908 :,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 4, 354, 118 119 345 53
( ) ( ),,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1915,,,, 1922, 120 122 League of Nations, Supplementary Documents to The Commission of Enquiry,, 94, 452 pp. 33 34 54
),, 1928 5,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 55
,,,,,,, 1928,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 56
,,,,, 1927 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1928 10,, 81,, 3, 2 10 Chinese Assessor s Document, No. 15, pp. 20 22 Chinese Assessor s Document, No. 15, pp. 25 26 57
, 6300000, 13417000, 1600000, 5517000,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,, ;, Chinese Assessor s Document, No. 15, pp. 17 19, 7 8, 11 13,,, 58
,,,,,, ( 1918 ),,, : ( ) ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ( 1) 3, 372 1 59
,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 3, 491, 326 327,, 1966, 171 185239,, 1940 60
,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ) ; (,,, ),,,,, 3, 538 II, 297,, 1974 61
,,,, ( Elihu Root), ;, 1872,,,, : ( ), ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) I, I, I, 138140 143 I, 150 I, I, 88 107 112 112 114 137 143 144 147 151 164 167 62
,,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( L. Oppenheim) ( the doctrine of Rebus Sie Stantibus) : 63
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,,, 48 64
, ( Hague Peace Conference),,,, : ( 1), ; ( 2) ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4), 66
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 67
: :,, :,, : ( ),,,,, ( ),,,, : ( ),,,,,, ( ) ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 68
), : ( ),,, ( ),,,,, ( ), ( ),,, :,, ( ) ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 : 69
),,,,, ( ) ( ), ( ),,, ( ) ( ),, ( ),, ( ),,, ( ),, ; ( ),, ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 70
, : ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ),,,, ( ),, : ( ),,,,,, ( ), ( ), ( ) 71
, : : ( ) ( ),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 72
,,,,,,,, :, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 73
:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 74
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, 75
,,,,,,,,, ;,, :,,,,,,,,,,, : ( 1), 76
; ( 2) ; ( 3),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1931 9 19 ), ( A Lerroux) :,, 1931 9 14,, 77
,,, 9 21,,,, 9 22,,,,,,,,,, ;, League of Nations, Officia l Journal, 12th, year, No. 12, p. 2248. : 18, 132,,,,,,,,,, 1997 78
,,,,,,,, : ( 1 ),, ; ( 2 ),,,, 25, 9 24, 25, 25,, :,, :,,, :, 3, 866,,, 1996 1928,, 9 22 League of Nations, Officia l Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, p. 2271 79
:,, 28, :, 9 30,, : : ( ), ; ( ),, ; ( ),,, ; ; ( ),,,, ; ( ),,, ; ( ) 9 25 League of Nations, Officia l Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, p. 2279 9 28 League of Nations, Officia l Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, p. 2289 80
,, ; ( ), ; ( ),, ; ( ),,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,, League of Nations, Officia l Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, p. 2306 81
,,, 9 20,, 27, 9 30,,,,,,,,,, 10 9,, :,, ( ), 13,, 10 10,, 10 13,, ( ),,,,,, 18, 191 198 82
,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;,,,,, ( ),, ;,,,, League of Nations, Official Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, pp. 2313 2315, League of Nations, Official Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, pp. 2315 2317 83
,,, :,,,,, ( 10 15 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( Gilbert) 10 16,, League of Nations, Officia l Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, p. 2322 18, 205 211 84
,,,,,,, 10 22 :, : 1. 9 30 ; 2.,,, ; ; ; 3., 4.,, ;, :,, 3, 868 196,, 56 58,, 1932 85
,,,, 23,,, 10 10, 10 9, 10 13,, : 22,,,,, 23,,, 24 :,,, :,,,, League of Nations, Official Journa l, 12th, year, No. 12, p. 2346, 56 58 86
, :,,,,,,, 13 1,, :,,,, : 10 24,,,,,,,,, 197 199 : 18,, 221 18 87
11 16,, 11 16 12 10,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 18, 1 3, 88 257 259 643,, 1931 11 23 1 3, 665, 1931 11 26
,,,,, 11 24 :,,, :,, 1 3, 89 673,, 1931 11 27 1 3, 673,, 1931 11 27 1 2,, 18, 435, 270
5,, 26,, 27 :,,, ( ),, 29,,,, 25 26,,,,, ( ),,, 1932 1 2, 12 10, 1 25, 1 25,,, 1 2, 436, 18, 170 171 90
12 10, ( ),,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, 9 21,,,,,, :,,,, ( ), 9 23 : 1 3, 91 168,, 1931 9 23
, ( ), :,, :,, ( ),, 9 25,,, 9 23, :, 9 25 ( Castle),, 1 3, 92 173 174,, 1931 9 24 1 3, 174,, 1931 9 24 1 3, 9,, 1931 9 24
( ),, :,,,,,,, 10 5, 9 30,,, 10 24, 11 16 ( ), 11, 11 16 1 3, 93 13,, 1931 9 26 :, 1992 4 39, 2351 2352,,, 1981 :, 128 129,, 1995
11 15, :, :,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15, 12 9, : : ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3) 1 3, 94 591,, 1931 11 19
, 12 10,,, :, ;,,,,, 9 30,,, :,,,,,,,, 1 3, 95 609,, 1931 11 20, 203 204 1 3, 797
,,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 205, 193,, 1966 96
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 11,, : ( ),, 9 30, 10 24 11 16,, 97
11 16,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 10 24,, 9 30 ;,,,,, ;,,,,,, :,,,,, : 18, 221 98
,,,,,,, 12 10,,,, 12 16, : ( ),, :,,,,,, 12 20,, ( Lytton) ( Mccoy ) ( Claudel ) ( Schnee) ( Marescotti),,, ( Robert Hass) 5 ( 2 1, 99 661,, 1931 12 18
6,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1932 2 21,, 29,,, ( ),,, 100
, :,,,,,,, 3 14,,,,,,, 2 1, 2 1, 101 694, 705,, 1932 3 23,,, 686,
,, ;,,, ( ),,,,,,,, (, ),,,, 8 12 1 3, ( ) 102 797,, 1931 12 12 2 1, 731,,
,,,, :,,,,,,, :,, 12 10,,,,, 2 1, 103 731,, 1932 5 18, 2 1, 772,, 1932 4 20 2 1, 737,, 1932 4 12
,, 4 10, :,,, 4 12, :,, :,, ;,, 1928, 4 12, ;,, :,, 1932 4 11 1932 4 13,, 104 ( ), 3, 871 1932 4 13
,, ( ), ( ), (, ) :,,,,,, ;,,,,,, :, ( 1 ), 427428,, 1983 2 1, 105 739,, 1932 4 13 ( 1), 427
:,, 4 21,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 23,, :, 25,,, 1932 4 13 :, 267 :, 268 2 1, 106 784 785,, 1932 4 23
,,,,,,, :,, : ;,,, 4 12,,,,,,, 6 1,,,,,, 93 94 107
,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 5 4, :, 6 6,, : :, 451,, 1988 1,, 1985 45, 108
,, :,,, 6 13,,,,,,, :,,,, 6 18,, :,,, 7 4,,,,,, 7 20,,, :, 95, 444 445,, 1990 109
8 20, :,,, 24,,,, 25, 63 :,,,, 26, :,,,, 9 2 1, 110 977 979,, 1932 8 20 12 10, :,,,,, 2 2, 379,, 1932 8 19 :, 395,, 1969 2 1, 985,, 1932 8 26
,, 4, :,,, ( 1931 9 21 ),, ( 1932 2 19 ), 8 19, 6 :,,, 9, 6,,,, : ( ) ; ( ), 11 1,, ; ( ), 1932 7 1,,, Officia l Journal, Special Supplement, No. 102, pp. 36 37 226 111
9 4,,, 10 2,, :, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 258 260 112
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 113
,, 10 3,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;,,,, 80,,, :,, 1915, 272 114
,,,,,,,,,,, 10 5,,,,,,, 10 1011, : ( 1), ; ( 2), 115 291 360,, 81 83
, ( 3 ),,, 10 20,, 21,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3), ; ( 4 ) ; ( 5 ), ; ( 6 ),, ( 2), ( 2), ( 2), 116 57 61 716 718 68 69
,,,, ;, ;,,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,, ;,,,, 7 1, 11 1 9 8,, 220 226, 276 281 ; 151 ( 4 ) 117
1 ) 6 ; ( 2), ; ( 3) ; ( 4), 12 10,,,,,, 9 14, 9 24,, ( Valera), :, 2 2, 118 394,, 1932 9 8 2 2, 397,, 1932 9 10
: 11 1,,,, :,, 11 14,,, :,,, :,,,,,, Officia l Journal, 13th, year, No. 11, p. 1830, 230 Officia l Journal, 13th, year, No. 11, p. 1732, 231 Officia l Journal, 13th, year, No. 11, p. 1735, 231 ( 2), 76 119
:,, ;,,,, ;,,, 11 14, 11 21,,, 21, 28,,,, ( ) ),, ( :, :,, ( 2), 76 120
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 19,, ( ),,,,,, 151 ( 4) 121
,, 1932 10 15,,, 11 23,,?, :,?,, :, : 11 23 25,, ( ), 49 56 122
,, :, ( ),,, :,, :,,, 24,,,,, We cannot close our Report more appropriately than by reproducing here the thought underlying these two statements :,, 123
:,, :,, 1925,,,, ( ) :, ;,,?,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 24 25,, : ( 1 ) 1931 12 10, 124
2),,, ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,? :,,,,,, Officia l Journal, 13th, year, No. 12, p. 1900, 233 125
,,,,,,,,, 25,, 2 19,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 28 126
( ) ; :,,,,,,, 28,,,,,, 1932 8 19, 9, 7 1, 11 1, 11 1, 7 26,,, 151 ( 4 ), 57 60, 151 ( 4), 60 63 ;, 233 234 127
, 14, 9 24, 11 14,,,,, 11 14, 11 1 9 26,,, 10 1, : ( ) ; ( ) :,,,,,,,, 11 29, 10 1 12 1,, 12 6,, : 128 7 1,
,,,,, :,,, ( ),,,, : ( 1), ; ( 2) 9 24 :,,,,,,, 10 1 :,,,,,,,,,,,, 61 129
,, ; ( 3),,,, ; ( 4),,, ;, ;, ;, ;, : ( 1), ; ( 2) ; ( 3),,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 64 65 130
,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, :,,,,,,, ( ) :,,, ;,,, :,, 131,, 66 68 ; 151 ( 4 ) 90 97,
,, ;,,,,, :, ( Cahan) :,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 132,, 69 70 ; 151 ( 4) 101, 99
,,,,,,,,, :, ; ;,,,,, ( ) 7, ;,,,, 133 151 ( 4), 105 109
,,, ( 12 7 ),, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70 ; 151 ( 4 ), 110 115 151 ( 4), 122 134
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12 9 : 151 ( 4) 122 ;,,, 71 135
;, ( ) : ( ),, ; ( ), ; ( ),,,, 12 12,, 9,,, ( ) ( ),,, 72 ; Official Journal, Special Supplement, No. 111, pp. 137 138 136
,, 12 15,, 20 1 16 ; :,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 17,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ), ; ( 3 ) 137
4 ) 26, : ( 1), 1932 3 11 ( 2), ( 3 ), 3 11,,,, 1 11,, 1213,,,,,,,, 151 ( 4), 122,, 74 77 138
,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1 16,, :, 151 ( 4), 131 ( 2), 139 132, 288
,, 18,,,,,,,, 12 ( 15 ) 20,,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ), ; ( 3),,,, ; ( 4),,,, 21,,,, :,,,, 3,, 3 4 140
,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 2,,, 2 8,,, 9,,, 14,,,,, 1 21, 23, 1, ( ),,, 2 1,,, 6 141
, 2 11,, 14 17,,,, 142
,,,,, ( : ; ; :, ;,, ;,,,,, ) 18,, :, :, 3, 381 498, 1933 2 16,,, ;,, 15 38 ( 2), 143 177 178,, 9
2 15,, 17,,,,,, 20,, :,,,,,,, 2 21 12 15, 151 ( 4), 184 185 3, 144 381 498,, 1933 2 21
, 24 24,,,,, :,,, 21,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, :,, 145
,, :,,,, ABC, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,, 24, 151 ( 4), 187 198 151 ( 4), 201 202 146
,,,,,, 24,, : ( 1 ),, ; ( 2 ),,,, ; ( 3 ),,, 151 ( 4), 202,, 38 39 147
( 4 ),,,,,, ( 5 ) ( ),, ( 23 ),,,, :,, ( ) ;,, :,,,,,, 151 ( 4), 206 148
26,,, 3 6, 27,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 149 151 ( 4), 208 219 ;, 151 ( 4), 229 233
,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,?,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 150
0 30 151
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 152
, ( 1 18 ),,,, 1 20,,,,, 27,, 28, 28, 28,,,,,,,,, 2 2, :, ( ), 182 183,, 1956 153
28,, ( ),, ( ),,,, ;,, 28, 28,, 2 2, 2 1 :,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 2, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 43 44 43 131 154
:,,, 15,,, 12, 1932,,, 1 28,,,,,, 1 29,, 3 6,,,,,,,,,,, 2 1, 44 155
, 2 4, :,,,,,,, 1 29, :,,, 1 30, :,,,,,,,,, 1 30,,, 190 191,, 17,, 18,, 17 156
1 29 : ( ) ( ),,,, 3 10, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, ( 1 ), 432,, 1981 ( 1 ), 432 36, 1556, :, 1981 157
,,, : ( 1 ), ( 2 ),, ( 3 ),, ( 4 ),,,,,,,, 2 13, :,,,,,,, :, 100,, 1940 1984 4 158
:,,,,,,,, :, ( ), 1 29,,,,,, 1 30, :,,, 1 31, : 28,,, 28 2 1, 165167,, 1943 159 39 1932 2 1 ( 1931 1941) 1,
,,,,,,,,,, ; : :, 2 11,,,,, 2 1, 37 1932 2 1 2 1, 131 132 1932 2 9 2 1, 138 1932 2 11 160
, :,,, :,,,,,,, : ; ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ), ( 3 ), 2 1, 150 1932 2 13 2 1, 158 1932 2 16 161
( 4 ),, ( 2 25 ),,,,,,,,,,, ( 25 ),,,, 2 1, 164 1932 2 18 2 1, 176 177 1932 2 23 162
,,,,,, :,, 26 :,,, ( 23 ),, 26, :, 2 1, 180 1932 2 25 2 1, 180 1932 2 25 2 1, 183 1932 2 26 163
1932 1 25,, :, : 1931 12 10 2 1, 183 1932 2 26, 11 19, 1 2, 1931 12 13,,,,, 164
1 29,,,, ( 29 ),,,,,, ( Paul Boncour) :,,, :,,,,,,, ( 30 ), ( Marinkovitch) ( Zulueta) League of Nations, Official Journal, 13th, year, No. 2, pp. 339 341. League of Nations, 336, Officia l Journa l, Special Supplement, No. 101, p. 29. 165
, :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2 2,, ( J. Thomas) :,,,, League of Nations, Official Journal, 13th, year, No. 2, p. 349. League of Nations, Official Journal, 13th, year, No. 2, p. 343. 166
,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4 ) 12 10,, 2 9, ( Simon, ) :,,,,,,,, 2 12,,,,, ( ),, 2 16, League of Nations, Official Journal, 13th, year, No. 2, pp. 350 351. League of Nations, Official Journal, 13th, year, No. 2, p. 357. :,, ; 1 29,, 2 12 167
29,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, :,,, ),, (,, :,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 168
, ;,,,,,,, 2 19,,, ( 19 ),,, :,,,, ( 1 29 ),,,,,,, 3 4 169
( 1 ), ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3 ), ; ( 4 ) ; ( 5 ),,,, 2 16, 2 23 : ( 1 ), ; ( 2 ),,,,, ; ( 3 ),,,,, ; ( 4 ),,, ; ( 5 ),,,, 2 3 170
6 ),,,,, ; ( 7 ),,, ( 8 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 19, 2 29, : ( 1),,,, ; ( 2) : a.,, b.,,, ( 3 ),, ; 171
3 2,, 29 :,, ( 3 1 ),,, 3 3,, :,,,, ;,,,,,, 212 213 172 :, 213,,, 58
,,,, 2 28, 3 1,, ;, ; : ( 1 ), ; ( 2 ),,,,,,,, ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 173
: ( 1),, ; ( 2 ), ; ( 3), 2 29,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ; ),,,,,,, 174 60 62
,,,,,,,,, ;,,,?,,, ( 3 4 ) : : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ),,,,,, 63 175
, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 3 4,, 215 176
,, :,,,,,,,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4 ), :, ; :,,,,,,, 216 220, 177
,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3 ) :,, :,,,,,,,,,, :, 178
,,, : ( ), ; ( ), ; ( ), 1931 12 10 :,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 179
, ; ; 2 29,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 3 3, 180
,, 9 10,, 11,,,, 1931 12 10 2 16,,,,,, 1931 9 30, 3 4, ( ),,, ( ),,, : 3 11 181
, ( ),, : ( ), ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ),,,,,,, 3 4,,, 182
1,,,, 3 17, 4 19 : ( ), 1932 1 28 ( ), ( ), 3 4 ( ),,,, 4 16 1819 2628 29,,, 2 1, 283 183 281 :,, 2 1, 239, 2 1, 249
,, (, ) 4 30,, 19, : ( 1 ),,, ; ( 2),,,,,,,,, ; ( 3),, ; ( 4), ; ( 5), ; ( 6), ; ( 7), ; ( 8 ),, ; ( 9),,,,,, ; ( 10 ), 184
,, ; ( 11 ),,,, ; ( 12),,,, ; ( 13 ),, ; ( 14),,,, 4 29, 5 3, 5 5,, 1 28, 1 29,, 30,, 31,,,,, 223 224,, 4 5 185
, ), 2, (, : ( ), ; ( ) ; ( ), ; ( ),, ;,,, ; ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 26 186
,, 2 7,, 2 8, 2 9,, 2 12,,,,,,, 2 13,, 2 16,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 18,, 20 5, 20 20, :,, 187
,,,, 2 28,,,,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), ; ( ),, ; ( ),,, ( ),, 2 29,,, 28 188
,,,,, : ( ) ( ), ( ),,,, ;, ( ),,,,,, ; ( ) ( ),,,, ; ( ),,,, 2 28,,,, 28 29 189
2,, ;, ; ( 3 3 ), 3 4,, 3 8, :, 9,, 10 :,,, : ( 1),, ( 2 ),, 3 14,, 19, 21,,,, ( ) ;,, 29,, 29 190
, ), ; ( ), 3 24,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3) ; ( 4 ) ; ( 5 ) ( 1 ) ( 2) ( 4) ( 5 ),,,,,, 4 28,,, 4 30,,,, 29, 191, 1991 12
,,, 5 5,,,,,, 5 5 6 16,,,,?? 192
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 193
,,, 1929 1931, :, ;, ;,,, 9 20, 9 22,, : ;,, ;, :, 66, 194, 1995, 66 :,, 7, 148,, 1964
,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 10 6, :, :,, 7, 189 7, 232,, 130,, 1963,, 137 195
,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 11 11,, ( 1931 11 ), 196, 1, 372 384
2 15,,,,,,,,,, 1932 1 9,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7, 333 197
,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 9 25,,,,, 1932 1 4, 1 6, 1 13, 3 12, 3 12, ( ), 204 198
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 10,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) 199
,,,,,,, 9 22,,,, 9 22,,, 23 27,,,, 28, 9 22,,,,,,, 200
,,,,, 12 15,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9 22,,,,, 9 24,,, : 1., ; 2. ; 201 3. ; 4. ; 5. 1954 8 9, 1, 360
27,,, 10, 3000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12 7,,,, 12 10,,, 12 14,,,,, 12 26,, ; 12 28, 1932 1 1, 202
,,,,,,, 1932 1 1,,,, 1932 1 6, ( ),,, 7,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,, 1929,, ; ; 203
924 11,,, 1924 11 29,, 1925, 7,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1931 10,,,, 9 22,,,,,,,,,,,, 9 1953 4 4,, 82 204
0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 205
1932 1,,,, 1 15,,,,, 2 5,,,,,,, 2 10, 10, : ( 1),,, ; ( 2), ; ( 3), ; ( 4) : ; ( 5 ),, ; ( 6), ; ( 7 ), ; ( 8), ; ( 9 ),,, 7, 367 206
,,, 2 13, 2 1617, 2 16 4,, 8 ( ),,,,,, ;, 17, 18, 17,, 18 3, 2 20,,,,,, 2 18,,,,,,,, ;, 207
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,, ;,,, 2 18, 3 1,,,,,,, 2 1, 372 371 208
6, ; 3 4, 32,, 3 6,,, 10,,,, 1932 3 9,,, 15 25,,,, ;,,,,,,,, :,,,, 2 1, 2 1, 441 441 209
,,, ; 1931 : ; ;,, : 1932 1,, ; ;,,,,,, ;,, 1932 3 9,, 3 10,,,,,,,,, : 210
), ; ( ),,, ; ; ( ), ( ),,,,,, ; ( ),,,,,, 1932 3 12 : (, ),,,,, :,, 97 2 1, 211 487
,, ;, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 6 3, 7 26,, :,, :,,,,,, : 18, 329 212
,,,,, :,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 20,,,,, 8 25,, :,,,, 8 19, 8 19 9 15,,,,,,,,, 4,, 5 213
,, 9 6,, 9 8,, 9 9, 9 13,, 9 14,,,,, 9 15,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 18, 338 339 214
9 15,,,,, ;,, ;,, :,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, 10,, 215, 10 215
,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, : 1932 3 10 5 12 ( ) ; 1932 8 7 ; 1932 8 7 ; 1932 9 9, ;,,, ( ), 215 223 216
, ( Recognition),,, ( ), ( ),,, ( ), ( ),,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,, 217
, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2), ( ) ; ( 3 ), ( ) : ( 1) ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3) ; ( 4 ), ;,,,, ( ), ( ),, ( ), ( ), ( 9 ), 1 1, 122,, 1995 218
,,,,, : ( 1 ),, ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3) ; ( 4),,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 219
,,,,,,, :,,, :,, :,,,, :,,,, :, 484,, ( 1935 ) 2 1, 2 2, ( 1), ( 1), 220 427 428 427 977 379
,,,,,,,,,, 6 14, 7 6,,,,,, 7 12 7 14,,,,,,,,,, 7 ( ), 947 221 70 2 1, 946
6,,, 7 27,,, ( ) 8 8, 8 24, : 8 20,,,,, 8 25, 63 :,, 8,, :,,,,,,,,,, ( 9 15 ),, 395,, 1969, 222 245
,,,, : : 4-6,, 10 10,, 10 21, :,,,,,,,,, 2 2, 432 3, 223 431 16 17
, 9 23,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1 7,, : 224
,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,,,,, 12 ( 9 ), 225 122
, 16 : ( 1 ),, ; ( 2 ),, ; ( 3 ),,,, ; ( 4 ),, ; ( 5 ),,,,,,,,, 2 24,,,,,, :,,,,,, 13 226
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 7,, 2 24,,,,,, 227
5 4 ( William Castle), 2 24, : 5 4,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14 16,, 16 228
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 7 2 24, 3 11,,,,,,,,,,,, 229,, 35 37
8,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :, ;,,,,, :,,!,,!,, 1929 230
,,, ;,,,,, 3 11,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 231
1 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 232,, 19 25
,,,,,,,,,????? 1935,,? 233
, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1898,, 234
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ; ; ; ( ),,,,, :, 235
,,,,,,,,,, 1900 10,,,,, :,,,,,, 236,,,,
:,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1905,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ),,, ( ) ; ( 3 ) : 4, : 4, : 5, 237 145 210 327
,,,,,,,, ;,, :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 111, 39 238
,, 1921,,,,,, ( ), :, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1899,, 239
,,,,,,,,,, 1895 :,,,,,,,,,, :, 38, 6 12 240
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,?, 241
,?, 1896, : ( 1 ), ; ( 2 ),, ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4 ),, ; ( 5 ) ; ( 6 ),,,,,,, : :,,,,,,, 43, 7 22 242
,,,,,,,, : :, :,,,,,, 1900,, : ( 1 ) 4. 5, 39, 4, 9. 8, ; ( 2 ), 66, 7 34 243
; ( 3 ), 12 ; ( 4 ),,,, 5 ; ( 5), ; ( 6 ) ; ( 7),, ( 3) 12,, :,,,,,, :,,, 12 ; 12 12,,,, 244
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 245
,,,,,,, 1933,,,,,, 1933 5,, ( ),,,,,, 1933,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2), 198 246
933 3,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,?, :, 3,, 875,, 1996, 247
), ( ),, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 500,, 592 593,, 1991 248
, 5 31, 7 6 : ( ), ; ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1935, 19351936, 1989 2,, 249
,,,,, ( ),,,,,, : ( ),, ( ), ; ( ) ; ( ), ( ) ; 6 23,, : ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ), ( ) 250
) ( ) ( ),, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), ; 4, 372,, 1989 371 251
) ; ( ) ; ( ), ; ( ), ; ( ),, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 19, 97 102 ( 1), 252 688
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),, ( ), 253
,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1935 10,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1989 1 254
9 10, 10, 10 22,,, 11 11,,,,, 11 20,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 11 13 1935 11 12 255
1 17,,,,, 11 19,, :,, ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 11 19,, 19 :,,,,, ;,,, ( 1), ( 1), 1935 11 20 ( 1), ( 1), 712 714 711 713 256
,,,, 11 20 ( ),, 11 20, :,, ;,,,,,,, : ;,,,, :, 11 25, :,,,, ;,,,!, ( 1), ( 1), 716 719 257
,,,,, 11 23, 11 24,, 11 25,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ( 1), ( 1), 721 723 258
:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 27,,,, 11 30,,, 11 30 ( ),,,,, 592 593,, 1991 259
,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ),,, ( ),, ( ), ( ),, 1935 12 9 ( 1), ( 1), 727 740 260
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1), 729 261
,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1936 1 13 ), ( 1935 1945), 191,, 1975 262
,, 1935 1936,,,,,,??,, 1935 1936,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1936 8 11 ), ( 1935 1945), 201 263
,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1934,,,,, 1934 10,??,,,,,, 1934 4,, ( 3), 613 637 264
,,,,, 1935 1 22,,,, 1934 9, 9 5,,,, 10??,??,,,,,, 265,,,,, : ( ), 159, 19, 1933
,,, :,,,,,,, ; 1935 2 19,,, 26,,,,, ;,,, ;, ( 3), : ( ), 21 266 639, 21, 1935
27,,, 3 1, 3 6, :, 3,, 3 28,,, ( ) ; ( ),,,,,,, ( 3), 267 640 641,,, : ( ), 33 34, 21, 1935
25, :, ; ;, ;, 5,,,, :, 1935 5,,, ;, 9,,,,,,,,,, 5,, : ( ), 45 268, 21, 1935 ( 3), 641 642
0 4, 10 7,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, :,, ; ( ),, ;,,,,,, ( ), 269 303 ( 3 ), 642 ; ( ), 304 305 ( 3), 645
10 13,,, :,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 10 20,, :,, : :,,,,, ( 3), 270 642 643 1, 302, :, 1984 ( 3), 642 643
, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ; ;, ( 3), 643 271
, 1935 11 1,,,,,,,, 11 19,,,,,,,,,,, 11 20,,,,, :,, 12 20,,, 321 ( 1 ), ( ), 719, 312 272
11 21,, (,, ),,,, :,,? :, :,,, :,,,,,,,, ( 1935 12 20 ), 1988 2 ( ), 196 273 312 ( 1935 12 20 ), 1988 2 ( 1935 1945 ),
,,,,,,,,,,, 1935,,,,,,, 1935 12 7,,, 12 20,,,, 1936 1 23,, 274
,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1936 1 7,, ( 1936 ), :,,, ( 1935 12 20 ), 1988 2 275
, ( ), 1936 1 22,,,,,,,,,,,, : : :,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, ( 1936 1 7 ), 1988 2 276
,, 1936 2,,, 4,,,, 1936 7,, 1935 ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1936 8 ) ( 3), 277 666
,,, 1936 9 12, 8 24,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,, 278
,,,, 9 23,,,,,,,, 10 19,,,, : ( 1 ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3),,,,,,, :,, 1936 9 15 1988 2 ( 9 8 10 ), 279
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ( ),,, :,, :,,,,,,,, 280
:, :,, : ( ),,, ; ( ),,,,, 10 21 26,,,,,,, :,, 1935,,,,,,, 26 :, 1936 10 19, 1988 2 281
19,,,,,,, ( ), 11 10, ( 9 15, 11 10,, ),,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,, 1936 10 26, 1988 2 282
,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1936 11 10, 1988 2, 1936 12 3, 1988 2 ( 3), 283 688
, 12 7,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, 11 10,, 1987 1 ( 3 ), 690 284 689, 1936 12 3, 1988 2, 1936 12 3, 1988 2
,,,, 12 3,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ( 1935 ),,, ( 1936 ),,,, 1935, 1936,,,,, 285
1937 7, 1941 12 9,,, 1939 9,,,???,? 1941 12 8,, ( 12 9 ), 1939 9 1,, 9 3,, 286
,,, 8 7,,,,,,,,,,, (? ) 287
,, 1987,,, 7 14,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7 16 10,,, :,,, 1987 2 288
,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,?,,,?,?,,,,,,, 1987 2 289
,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 7 17 ),,, :,,,, ( ) ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 290
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987 2 291
, 1937 8 7, 7 17, 8 7 8,,,,,,, 1996 1,,,,, :,, :,,,,,,,, 1937 8 16 :,,, 1996 1, 349,, 1964 292
, :,,, 1933 7,,,,,,,,,,,, 1937 7 17 :,,,, : :, 1933 2,, 7, 293
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1937 9 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987 2 ( 1940 1 26 ), 1998 4, 1937 9 21 294
, 9 14,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 298 295
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 1937 7 16, :,,, :,,,,,, 296
,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987 2, 1987 2 297
,,, :,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,, 1937 8 16, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987 2 298
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 347 348,, 1964 299
,,,,,,,,, ( Animo Belligerendi),,,,,,,,, 1907 :,,,, 300
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1938 3 7,,,,,, 499,, 1994 ( ),,, 301,, ( ),,
,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 302
: ( ),,,,,, ( ), ( ),, ( ) ( Invalidation) ( Suspension),, ( Termination),, ( ),,,,,,,, 303
,,, ; ( ),,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, (,,, 1998 304
,, ( War Neutrality Law),,, ;,,, ( ) : ( ) ( ),, ; ; ; ;,, ( ),, No. A0272, 305
,, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ) : ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,, 306
,,,,, : 1928 8,,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 307
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1935 1936,, 1936,,,,,, 1935 11, :,,, ( ),,,, 308,,
,,,, 1936 7, :,,,,, 1936 12 12,, 1937, 1937 2,,,,, 6 21,,,,,,, 14 7 14,,,,,,,,,, 1935 11 20 ( 3), 309 666
,,,,,,,,, 7 12 7 11, :,, : :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987 2 ( ), 310 366
,,, :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 14, : (, ),,, 7 17,,, : 1937 7 12 1937 7 12 1937 7 14 311
:,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1931, 1936,,,,,,,,, 312
:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,, ; 313
,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 314
8 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7 11,, 7 13, 7 16, 7 17,,,, 7 28, :,,,,, ;,,,, 24431, 1 10, 1937 7 12 315
, ;, 7 29, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 7,, :,,,,,, ( 1937 7 28 ),,, 1938 6 ( 1937 7 29 ), 316,, 1938 6
:,,, :,, :,, :, :,,,,,, 8 7,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,, 24431 317
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,, ; ; ;, ; ; ;,,,, ; :,,,,, ( 1937 7 29 ) 318
,,,,,,,, :, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, 319
,,,,, 1941 12 9,,,,,,,,,,, 19401941,,,,,,,, 4 ( ),,, 1997 ( 1940 1 26 ) ( 1941 2 11 ) 320
1937 8 14,,, 1941 12 8 ( 12 7 ),, :,, 12 8, 12 9,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1931 1945 ), 230 231,, 1986 321
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,? 322
,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,, 323
,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 324
1937 9 2,,,,,??,,?,,,,,, 1937 8 25, 1937 8 25,,,,, 325
,,,, 8 13, 8 14, 8 15,,,,,??,,,,,,,, 1937 11 11 1 1 2, 22,, 1977 20, 123 326
, ( ), :, ; ; ; ; ;,,,, :, :, ( 1937 ) ;, ;,,,,,, 10 :, 295,, 1966 1 2, 327 22
1, 11 678,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 11 6,, 296 303 328
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,,, : ( 1 ),, 11 7,, 303 306 329
( 2 ) ( 3), ( 4), ( 5 ), ( 6 ), ( 7 ),,,, : ( 1 ), ( 2 ), ( 3 ), ( 4 ) ( 5 ), ( 6 ), ( 7 ),,, ( 8 ) 330
: ( 1 ), ( 2 ), : ( 1 ),, ( 2 ),, ( 3 ) :,,, : ( 1 ),, 11 8,, 306 308 11 8,, 308 315 331
2 ),,, (, ) ( 3 ) :,, ( 1 ), ( 2 ),,,,,, (,,, ) ( 3 ),,,,,,, ( 4 ),,,,,,, ( 5),,, 332
,,,, ( 6 ) (, ( 2) ),, ( 7 ),,,,, ( 8 ),,,,,,,, ( 9 ),, :,,, 11 8, :,,,,,,, : 333
,,, ;,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 334
,,,, 1931 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 335
( 1937 8 ) ( 1937 8 ) ( 1937 8? ) ( 1937 11 ) ( 1937 11 ) ( 1937 12 ) ( 1937 12 ) ( 1937 12 ) ( 1937 12 ) ( 1938 6 ) ( 1938 7 ) ( 1938 7 ),, 1939 9,,,,,,,,,,, No. A 0272 336
,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1941,, :, ( 1940 1 26 ), 1998 4 ( 1940 1 26 ), 1998 4 ( 1940 1 26 ), 1998 4 337
, 1941 2 8,, 2 11, :,,,, :, ;,,, ;,,,,, 1941,,?? 1941 10 9, :,, ( 1941 2 11 ), 1998 4, 31 338
,, :,,,, 11 13, :,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,, ( ), 560,, 1966 339
7 11,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 7 9,, : 7 11, 7 11 : ( ) : 20, 340 75,,, 1937 7 14, 1987 4
,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;, ; ( 1940 1 26 ), 1998 4, 304, 303 304 341
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ),,,,, ( ),, 307, 309 342
,, ( ), ( ),,,,, : 1.,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) :, 302 343
( ) ( ) : ; ( ) ; ; ( ) ; ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) : ; ( ) ; ; ( ) ( ) ( ) : ( ) ; ; ; ( ) ; ( ), ( ) : ( ) ; ; ( ; ) 2.,,,, 344
),,, 1919 6,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2. ( 1 ) ( ) ; ( 2 ) ( ) ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4 ) ( 1915 5 9 ) ; ( 5 ) ( 1915 5 25 ) ; ( 6 ) ( ),, 345
,, 27 ( 1922 2 4 ) ; ( 7 ) ( ) ( 1899 7 8 ) ; ( 8 ) ( 1918 8 ) ; ( 9 ) ( 7 2, ) ; ( 10) ( ) ; ( 11) ( 1922 2 4 ) ; 8 ) ( 1922 12,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 304 306, 307 308 346
,,,,,,, 1931 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9 1,, 1937,,,,,,,, 309 310,, 245,, 1985 347
,, ( ) ;, ; ( ), ( ),,, ( ),,,, : ;,,, :,,,,, ;,, ;,, ( ),,,, 115,, 1938, 302 303, 303, 307 348
,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, :,,,,,,, 1937 11 6, : ( ), ;,,, 311 312, 304 349
,,,,, ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, : ( 1), ; ( 2), ; ( 3),,, 350
,,,,,,,,, : ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 351
, : ( 1 ),, ; ( 2 ),,, 60% ( 3 ),,,,,, ( 4 ),,, ( 5),,, ( 6 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 352
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 353
,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,, : ( ),,, 354
,, ( ), ( ), ( ),, : ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ),,,, 355
),,,,,,,,, 1937 8 19,, : ( ),,,,,,, : ( ), :,, 304, 1998 4 356
),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, :,, 308 309 357
,,, ;, :,,,,, :,,, ( ) :,, :,,,,,, (,,, ),,,,, 307, 303, 307, 309, 307 358
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,, ;, :,,,,,, 15 13 ( 2001) 359 6 29
, ( ),, : ( ) ( ), ( 1 ),,, ( 1929 ) ( ) :,, ( ),, ( 2 ) ( ),,,, :,,,,, 303 304 360
,, ( ) ( 3 ),,,, :,,, ( 1 ),,,,,,, ( 2 ),,, 311, 479,, 1986 :,, 1998 4 361
( 3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1938 1 4, : 362
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1940 ;, 1938, 1,,, :,,,,,,,, ;,, 1998 4,, 363
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,,, 303, 309 364
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1941 2 11 ), 365, 1998 4
, 1937 8 7 :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 1936 10,,,,,,, 8 12, ( ),,,, 13, 22431, 1996 1 : 20, 115 366
, 13, 14 :,,,,,, ;,,,,, 14,,, ;,,,,,, 17 20, 114 116 ( 1937 8 14, 15 ), 20, 120 : 20, 121 367
5,,,,,,, 9 2, ( ) ( ) 9 4, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20, 368 123, 1 2, 22,, 1977 20, 123, 1 1, 33,, 1977
,,,,,,,, ( 9 ), : ( ) ( ),, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 11, : ( ), ( ), ( Robert Cragie), 20, 176 177 369
),,,,, (, ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) 12,,,,, 12 14,, 21 : ( ), 11 2, ( Dirksen), 20, 179 180 20, 185 370
), ( ) ( ), : ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( ) ( 4 ), ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,, ( ), ( ), ( ), 371
) ( ) :,, ( ),,,,, ( ),, 1938 1 7, :,,,, 1938 1 11,, 1937 12 21, 20, 187 189 20, 196 1 11 20, 196 199 372
,,, ( 1937 12 ) 21 21,,,,, 1 13, : 15, ( ) 14,,,,, :,,, :,, 15,,,,,,,,,, :, ( ) :, 11, 373
6,,,,, ;,,,,, :, 1 18, :,,,,,,,, 20, : 20, 374 199 201 201
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1937 12 21,, 12 21,, 1 7 1 11 1 13, 15 ( ),,, 14, : 20, 202 375
,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, : 1937 12,,,,,,,,,,,, 376
, : ( 1 ), ; ( 2) ( ), ; ( 3 ),, ; ( 4 ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( 1937 12 ), 1 1, 313 377
,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ) 378
,,,,,,,,, : ; ;,,,,,,,,,,, 379
, ;, ;,,, 7 14, ;,,,,,,,,,, 38, 10, :, 1984 :,,, :,,, 380
,, ;,,,,,, 8 22 :, 1931 1933,,,,,,,,,, 8 13,,,, 19,,, 21, :,,,,,,,,, William R. Louis: British Stra tegy in the Far Ea st, 1919 1939, p. 242, London, 1971. 381
,,, :,,,, :,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2), 461 464 382
,,, 8 26, :,,,,,,,,,, 60,,, 8 30,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,, 384 383
,,,,, 8 31,,, :,,,,, 9 8,,,,,,,,, 9 11,,,,,,, 427 384
,,,,, 9 12,,,,,,, : ( 1 ), :,, : ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,, 91,, 1937 385
2), ; ( 3 ),, :, :,, ;,, :,,,,, 9 13, 18 14, 15,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 46,, 1995 ( 2), 483 386
,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 9 15, :,,,, ;,,, William R. Louis: British Stra tegy in the Far Ea st, 1919 1939, pp. 322. 387
,,,,, 9 16,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1933, 9 21,,, 21,, 27 :, ( 2), 486 487 388
,,,,,,, :,,,, 9 25, ;,, ; :,,,,,,,, 10 1, ( 2), ( 2), 389 496 497 502 503
,,, ; ;,, ;, 10 4, 13,,,,,,, 10 5,,,,,,, 10 6, :,, :,, 506,, 1994 ( 2), 506 390
,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 1937 7 7,, 1990 1 391
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :, ( 1931 1941 ) 1, :,, 1985 392 397, 245
0 12,, :,,,,, 10 13,,,,, 10 20, :, 21, :,,,,,,,,, Borg, Dorothy The United States a nd the Fa r Eastern Crisis of 1933 1938 Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 383., 163,, 1982 Chamberlain, Neville The Struggle for Pea ce, p. 42, London, 1939. 393
,,,, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10 16, 960,, 1982 2, 21, 392,, 1960 394
,,, 19,,, 21,,,, ( 11 6 ),,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 10 24, : ( ) : 395 ; ;, 1989 12, 1989 12
, ( ), ( ),,,, ( ) ( ),, ( ), ( ), ( ), 10 25, : ( ),, ( ),,,, : ( ), (, ), ( ),,, 1989 12, 1989 12 396
: ( 1 ),,, 1932 ; ( 2 ),,, ; ( 3 ),, ; ( 4),,,,,, 9,,,,,, 10 25,, 11 1,,,,,,, 1989 12, 359, 98,, 1987 397
,,,, 10 28, :,,,, 10 29,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ) ; ( ),, Borg, Dorothy, of 1933 1938, p. 407. The United States and the Far Ea stern Crisis, 1989 12, 1989 12 398
,, 1 3, 19,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :,,, GPO, The Conference of Brussels, p. 24, Washington, 1938. GPO, The Conference of Brussels, pp. 44 45, Washington, 1938. 399
:,,,,,,, 4 5,, 6,,,,,,,, 12,,,,,,,, GPO, The Conference of Brussels, p. 28, Washington, 1938. 34, 20 21, 387 400
, :,, 13,,, 11 13,,,,,,,,,, 15,, 1 ( ), ;, : 1922 1928, ;,,,,, 1990 1 Hooker, The Moffa t Pa pers, p. 181, Cambridge, 1954., 399 401
, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 11 16 21 :,,,,,, 17, 15 ( 1931 1941 ) 1, 412 410 402
,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 22,, 23,,,,, 24,,,,,,,,,,, 63 403
,, :,, ;,,, ;,,,,,?,?,,,,,,,,, 3, 140, 514 138 404
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 405
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35 406
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 407
,, :,,,,,,, 1940 9, 1941 12,, 34, 20 21 408
( ),,,,,,, : ( ), 1919,, 1920 6 18 15, 5, ( 1917 1923 ),, 1961 409
),, ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) 1921 10, 1926 7 29 410
),,, ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ),, ( ), ( ), ( ),, ( ) 411
) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,, ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) 1921 10, 1924 8 13 :, 412
),,, ( ) ( ),, ( ),,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,, 413
),,,,,, ( ), ( ),,, ( ),,,,, ( ), ( ) ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 ( ) ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 : 414
),,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ), ( ),,, ( ) ( ),, ( ) 1921 10, 1924 9 26 415
),, ( ),,, ( ),, ; ( ),,,, ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ),,, 416
( ),, ( ),,,,,, ( ), ( ), ( ),, ( ) ( ), 417
, (, ) (, ) ( ),,, ( ),,,, ( ),,, ( ),, ( ), 418
) ( ) 1922 2 6, 1925 8 5 :,,,,,, : ( ), :, : ( ), ; ( ), ; ( ), ; ( ),,,,,,, ( 1917 1923), 1961 419
,,,, ( ),,, ; ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 420
,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 1922 2 6 ( ) 421
) ( 1928 8 27 ) ;, ;,, ;,,,,, : ( ), 1928 8 27, 1929 7 25, 1933 63 ( 15 48, 7 ) ( 1924 1931) 1961 422
, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 1928 8 27 ( ) ( ) ( 1937 7 17 ),,, 1939 5, 423
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 424
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 425
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,, 5 2,, 25 27,, 1997 426
;,,,,,,,,,, ; ; ;, ; ; ;,,,, ; :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 427
,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 428
( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1939 429
,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, : ( ),, ; ( ),,, ; ( ), [ ],,,,,,,,,,,, 430
,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 431
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 432
,, : ( ),,,, ( ),,,,, ( ), " ",,,,, ( ),,,, ( 1931 1941) 1931 ( ) 1932 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1933 ( ) 1934 ( ) 1935 ( ) 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 433
941 ( ) 1896 6 9 1898 3 7 1902 1,, 1905 9 12 ( ) 1907 10, 1915 5 9 1918 1 1919 1 6, 9 ( ), 434
, 921 11 12, 1922 2 4 2 6, 1928 6, 8 1931 9 18,,, 9 19 9 20 28, 9 21,,, 9 22, 435
,,, 9 23, ( ) 9 24, ( ),, 9 27 9 28, 9 29 9 30,, 10 2 9 30,, 10 5, 10 5, 10 7, 10 8 10 9, 436
0 10, 10 15 10 17 10 21, 10 24, 11 16 10 29, 11 2 10 24, 11 4 10 24, 16 16, 11 5, 11 6 11 11, 11 15, 11 19 11 21 11 24, 437
1 26, 12 2,,, 12 8 12 10 :, 12 13, 12 14, 12 15, 12 28, 12 29 1932 1 1 1 3 1 6 1 7,, 1 11 1 14, 438
18,,, 24 1 20 1 21, 1 23, 1 27, 1 28, 27,, ( ) 1 29,, :,,, 439
30, 1 31,, 2 1 2 2,, 2 3, 5 2 4, 2 4 2, 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 440
9, 2 12,, 2 13 2 14 2 16, ( 2, ),,, : 2 17 2 18, 20 5 20, 2 19 2 20 :, 441
21 : 2 23,, 2 24, 2 28,,, 2 29, 3 1, 3 2 3 3 :, 2 18 3 4, 442
, 3 9 3 10,, ( ) 3 11 :, 3 12, 3 14 ; 19, 3 18 3 24 3 31, 4 2 8 4 5 10, 4 10 4 12, 443
0 4 26 2000 4 29,,, 4 30 5 3 5 5 5 12,, 14, 5 26, 5 31 6 3 6 14 6 18 6 25 :, 7 4, 7 6 7 12, 444
25 7 26 7 27, 7 30 8 7 8 8, 8 21 8 25, 8 27 8 29 9 9 8,, 9 4 9 9 9 13 9 15, 9 16 9 23 ( ) 9 24 445
27 : 10 1 10 3, 10 11 10 18 10 26 ( ) 11 9 11 19 11 21, 11 30 12 1 12 6, 12 15 ; 17, 27 1933 1 1, 1 30 : 2 4 2 9 2 14 446
17, 2 20, 2 21, :, 2 22 24 2 23 3 3, 2 24 421, 3 3 3 27 : 4 1 5 2, 5 8 5 23 25, 5 31 7 28 9 14 1934 2 26 3 1,, 4 9 447
4 13 4 17, 4 18 :, 5 14 6 6,, 6 20 7 1 7 8, 8 10 9 14,, 9 26, 10?? 12 10 12 14 1 10 12 24 12 26 1935 448
21, 3 23, 2 5 17, 6 11 ( ) ; 6 27, ; 6 8, 9 24 :, 10 7 : 11 19, 11 25 12 11, 12 26 1936 1 13 2 8 2 26 449
6 3 9 4 2, 5 18, 4 30 5 15 6 10 7 8 11 9 15 12 12, 12 12, 1937 7 7, 7 17 8 7 8 13, 8 14 8 24 9 2 9 4 9 9 : 9 12 9 13 18, 450
0 6,, 10 25, 10 27, 11 3 11 5,, 11 16 29, 11 20,, 11 24 12 13, 12 14, 1938 1 16 : 2 20 3 28,, 5 12, 5 26 7 5 7 451
14 9 22 ( ) ( ),, 10 29 11 3, 11 30, :, 12 29 : 1939 1 5, 1 10 2 24 9 1, 9 7 9 1940 1 8 1 16, 3 7, 3 30 6 26 7 22,, 9 23 452
26 9 27 11, 11 30, 1941 4 13, 4 16,,, 6 17 6 22 7 2 10 18, 12 1 12 8, 12 9 453
League of Nations, Official Journal, 12th, League of Nations, Official Journal, 13th, year. year. League of Nations, Official Journal, Special Supplement, No. 101; No. 102; No. 111. : : ( ) 38 1 3 1 23 2 12 3 ( ),, 1966 7,, 1964 :,, 1966, 1932, 1932 1932 :,, 1932 :,, :,, 1972 :,, 1966 :,, 1940 :,, 1969 454
1963 8181920,, 1970 :,, 1974 :,, 1956 :,, 1935,,, 38 43 66,, 1934,, 1957 ( 1917 1923),, 1961 ( 1924 1931),, 1961 ( 1934 1944),, 1961,, 1991 1932 4 1935 11 1937 7 1935 12 :,, 1988 3,, 1996 ( 1 ) ( 2) ( 3), :, 1981 : 1921,, 1981, 455
1964 1985,,,, 19941997, :, 1981 ( 1935 1945),, 1975 1989 4,, : ( 1) ( 2),, 19831985 :,, 1919 :,, 1935 : 3456, : 1,, 1980, 1985,, 1997 :, :, 1973 :,, 1990, :, 1938 :, :, 1975 :,, 1932 :,, 1997 1995 :,, 1995 :,, 1991 : ( 1932 1942),, 1983 :,, 1995 :,, :,, 1994 456
9 ),, 1995 :,, 1998 ( ),, 1997 457