5 550A 5 550A

6 38A 5 m 3.39 m 4 800A 5 45A c v n n c / v n c / v sina / sin β = v / v, v

Ia 4 λ

m m v / c m v 0

n sin( u) S r S - n sin u sin u OA( S) sin( u ) = OA/ S ( ) n n n n S S r f f

n n n n f S f f f f S S f f S S PP P P C ϕ ϕ

P P PP = S n S n = - f x = - x - 5 f 8 S S x x = - f x = - x f β = S n = un = y Sn u n y

= u u - 7 = n - 8 n

n n n n S S = r n n n n S S t = r n n n n n n S S = + 9 r r

f = n f = n n n / r n n / r n n + r n + r r n -0 - P PA A B 3 BO B A BO OB P PA P A O PA

= S S - = y y = - x -3 f = y y = - f -4 x h tgu u, S h tg(-u) u S u S = us = u = S -5 u S

f + f S S = -6 = -7 S S f xx = ff -8 xx = -f n = n -9

60 0 = S =. cm S 30 0 Q Q 40.0cm S = 0.0cm f = -40.0cm = S S f S 0. 0 = 40. 0 F Q < /PGN00 74 / PGN > L F Q x = 0. 0cmf = 00. cm f = 00. cm f f 00. 0. 0 x = 40 0 = =. x 0. 0 x = 0. 0cmf = 40. 0cm f = 400. cm f f 400. ( 40. 0) x = = x 0. 0 = 80. 0 P Q β = = = PQ β P 4 = Q = P Q = β = β β = 4 P β = Q = 4 = 4 PQ

= S S 60. 0 = = 30. 0 40. 0 = = 0. 0 x β = f -4 β = f x x β = = 40. 0 = f 0. 0 x β = = 80. 0 = f 400. β = β β = ( ) = 4

y f = y x xx = ff y x = y f 0 = y f x = = y x f f s + f s - = - 3 s s f x = ff x f x = = s ( 3) = s - 4 a x f s s

= y y y y 3 = = = = = 3 y y y y 3 y y 3 y y = y / y = = y y = - 5 3 ϕ n ϕ = - 6 f ϕ = = f f ϕ h = stgu = stgu x + f tgu = x +f tgu - x = y y if x y = y f yftgu = - - y f tgu - 8 yfu = y f u f f = - n - 9 n

nytgu = n y tgu - 30 = tgu - 3 tgu tgu y f f n v = = = tgu y f f = ( 3) β β n v = β - 33 f x β = = - 3 x f f v = β f = x f = f - 33 x - 33 v = x / f = f / x = x = f x = f F f K f F f K K

( ) x = f f f x = - f 34(a)

x = f f - 34(b) u = u u = u u u = u u 35 h h u tgu = u = f f u = h f = h u f + x f = + f f 36 a f + f = f 36 b nr f = n n f = n r n n 36 c

r nr f = f = n n n r r f = f = n n n( r r) + ( n ) d = d f + f = n f = f nrr f = ( n )[ n( r r ) + ( n d) d] 37 a nrr f = f = ( n )[ n( r r ) + ( n ) d] 37 b l = f + x F l = ( x ) + ( f ) F d l = f 38 b F f d l = f + F 3 38 c f

l = f + x + ( f ) H dr = n( r r ) + ( n ) d l = f + x + f H dr = n( r r ) + ( n ) d l = l = f l = l = F F H H 0 39 a 39 b n( r r ) d 37 a n d = - n(r - r ) 7(a) 7( b) n

n( r r ) d 37 a n n( r r) d f 0 l 0 l 0 H H n n( r + r) d = f = l = l = H H n n( r r ) d f 0 l 0 l 0 H H n r f n d l = l = 0 H H n r f n d l = = n l 0 H H

f + f f = 40 a f + f α d ψ = = + f f f f f = ϕ + ϕ dϕ ϕ 40 b ϕ = ϕ + ϕ

l = F h i tgu h3 l = F tgu f = i h 3 tgu 3 h f = 4 tgu i h tgu = tgu = f h = h d tgu h tgu = tgu = tgu + ( 4) 3 f h = h d tgu 3 h = h d tgu i i i i hi tgu = tgu + i i f i h = = h tgu tgu3 tgu i f tgu tgu tgu tgu tgu t i i h s = s tgu = h = s tgu sitgui = hi = sitgu i tgu s = s s f i s s s 43 3 i

h h h i tgu i = + + + f f f tgu = h ϕ + h ϕ + + h ϕ i i i i tgu i ϕ = = = ϕ + h ϕ + + h ϕ f h i i i i ϕ = h ϕ + h ϕ + + h i ϕ i 44 f f f f = + + = + l f x ( f ) f H f = ( f + f ) f( f f + ) l = H f d l = 46 H f + f d l H = f d f + f d

f d = + = 50 0 l = 7. 69mm H f f d 00 + 50 0 l H = f d + = 00 0 = 538. mm f f d 00 + 50 0 f = = f f f f f = d f f 00 50 = = 38. 46mm 0 00 50 00 50 f = f = = 45. 45mm 40 00 50 l = 88. mm l = 36. 36mm H H = s s f f 40( a) f = f f

h 90 tgu = tgu = = = f 90 h = h dtgu = 90 50 = 40mm h tgu = tgu + = + 40 = 3 f 60 h 40 l = = = 4mm F tgu 5 / 3 f = h tgu 90 = = 54mm 5/ 3 s s = f s = s = f = 90mm s + f s = s d = 40 = + = s f s s f = s f 40 60 s s f = 4 + = s = mm s f 40 + 60 s = s 90 4 f = = 54mm s 40 5 3

f f f = = 000 f + f d d l = l = f = 400 F f d + 400 = 700( d + l = 700) f f = + = 00 50 f = 5556. mm f f d 00 + 50 40 l = l H H = f d + = 50 40 =. mm f f d 00 + 50 40 f d + = 00 40 = 44. 44mm f f d 00 + 50 40 f f = + = 50 ( 00) f 55.56mm f f d 50 00 40 l = l H H = f d + = 00 40 44.44mm f f d 00 50 40 f d + = 50 40 -.mm f f d 50 00 40

s r i = u r n i = n i - 47 u = u + i i s r r i = + u h tg( u) = u = s h tgu = u = s

h i = - 54 i = ϕ ϕ = sinϕ = t r h gϕ = - 47 r h s r = u r r ( s r ) u = h = 0 h 0 f = = = 8. 055 u 0868. 6 l = l f = 4. 564 H F l = l = 70. 084 F 6 h 0 f = = = 8. 055 u 0869. 6 l = l f =. 0366 H F l = l = 70. 084 f = f = 8. 055 l F H F = l =. 0366 H

47 s r r i u u + i - i ( - 47) u s - s = f s = f

w l = tg f - 49 b w = tg f -50 h w = tg f - 5

P = P3 e l a e

B B B B z z z z z p p = a p z a p p = p z a p p - 53 = p z = a p p β p z = a p p -54 β p

y y tgw p = = l y l = p = βp y z tg l z z z p ε z = βz z = βz z z = z = z = = pε β z a p p = p z a p p = p ap = aap z p p p ap = a z ap = a + z - 55

ap pz = p p = p = a z a z pz = p p = a + z P ε = a pε P ε = -56 a + pε 4ap ε = + = 4a p ε - 57 4pεtgu = 4tg u ε -58 pz = a p a pε a p = ε a ε = p p ε p a p = p = p = = a + pε ε a p = ε a ε ap p z p p = p a + z

p a = ε a ε a a 7 8 p = p = ε ε a 0 p = = = 3450mm = 34. 5m ε 0. 0009 a 7 p = = 34. 5m ε p p = = 7. 5mm p ε 000 0. 0009 = = a + pε 0+ 0000 0. 0009 p = p = 0. 5 = 7. 75 0000 0. 0009 = = 4080mm = 4. 08m 0 0000 0. 0009 p = p + = 0 + 4. 08 = 4. 08m

pz = p p = a z pz = p p = a z ε = z = z 50mm 50 l z l z = ε = β β z l z = ε = β β pεl = aβ εl pεl = aβ + εl β f p pεl = af pεl p εl = af + pεl

β = y f x = = = s y x f s = f y = = x y f x y ( f f)

y = f tgw = f tgw y = β f y = x y dw = ds r 4πr = = 4π r r

I = Φ - 6 w d DI = Φ i i dw di i dφ i B = = - 6 i dscosi cosidsdw di i I N cosi I N B = = = ( ) ( 64) i dscosi dscosi ds

ρ = + n n n n 65 ( )

α = Φ Φ Φ ( α) = Φ

dφi B = i cosidsdw dφ = B cosidsdw ϕ ϕ i i πbdssin u - 66 πb ds sin u Φ = KΦ = πbdssin uk - 67 Φ = = E KπB sin u ds ds ds = K B u y KπB sin u π sin = - 68(a) y β nysinu n y sinu y β = n sinu = y n sinu KπBsin u E = = KπBsin u n - 68(b) β n

B B = K n n D / sin u = x + ( ) E = K B n π sin u = KπB n n n x p D x p 4( x ) - 68(b) x = x p x xp f = f ( βp β) f f E = KπB n 4 n D f β p β β p p - 69 πkb = n D E - 69(b) 4 n f

E = = KπB n 4 n KπB D 4 f D f β β p β β p - 70 E = K B D π - 7 4 f E = K B D π - 7 6 f E sin u E sin u A m m sin u = sinu cos w m 4 m sin u = sin u cos w E = E w M A cos4

O C O B w tgu = u = m O M = cos sin O A cosw O B = cos w = sinu cos w O A E = E w E A cos4-73 E cos 4 m w E E m = cos 4 w E A E = K B D π 4 f D E f F f D E - F F E A

/ / E.4 KπB 4 E KπB 4 E E = KπB. 4 4 E.4 E T F K

E' π πkb D KB 4 f 4 F - 74(a) K = F T E π B 4 T - 74(b) π q s f 4 KηH cos w - 75 4 s s f ( - ) f s s / s s

H D w D A Bsx = T K

. λ λ y f. - 78(a) D D f. λ y s - 78(b) D sinu tgu d / s ynsinu y n D s λ y 0.60-79 nsinu

N - 80(a) y N -80(b) y - 78 5500A N L N 475 D L f + - 8 N N L N P

y tgu d y dtgu y dtgu y tgu M -8 y tgu tgw M - 83(a) tgw u w M M -83(b) u w

z z tgu - 84 tgu

tgu D D D f s s = f s f F f + x = F( β) D H z = ( H f ) - H H f H D H f f H f z D f f - 86 f z F z

f H z / l F a P εl FzP = = af Pεl f FzP -87 P εl FzP = = af + Pεl f + Fzp FzP P = = f FzP H P -88 P Fz P = = f + FzP H + P HP = + = H P P HP P = P = P = H + P H + P - 90 P P P H P P HP = + = + = H P P H

a p = ε z z -86 l f f - 74 l p f F a D, a a a a p = = = f ε z z f a f f = = f z Fz = H

l A h A H 4

r 4 + n n 3- r n( + n)

ST X T - X S

L S - S 3-4 λλ λ λ 4340 A 5893A

v ϕ = ϕ v v ϕ = v v v ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ

- f - x x f n - f r r y y F C y = y y 3-6 β β F C β = β β

ϕ ϕ + = 0 v v 3-7 ϕ3 ϕ4 + = 0 v v 3 4 ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ( n D ) v = ( 3 8) ( n n ) F C

5 550 A l A

5 550 A D 5 893A e 5 46A e

f nrr ( n )[ n( r r ) + ( n ) d] n n S J n nr n n n n S J J 3-9 r n n r n n n J n r r

S r i = u r n i = n i - 47 u = u + i i S = r + r i u uu u u 3

S S S -d S -d 3 n n n n 3 D h h y u z Sz S y S -S u z z K L S K n ku k K SC K S J K X S tsk n u K K K X S 3 0 PK n u K K

K y zk FCK y FCh n u K K n u K n u K K K K K S K S C S S S Luni (i - i )(i - u) S S i z Luni ( i - i )(i - u) i S S i z Luni ( i - i )(i - u) z i i n n S J n nr i z S ( S + S ) i dn C Luni 3 - n dn C Luni z C i z n i dn n dn dn dn n n n

ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ 3 + + 0 3- n n n n 3 ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ + = 0 n n ϕ ϕ

ϕ = = ( n ) f r r ϕ

ϕϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ = ( n ) r r ϕ = 3-3 ( n ) r r 3 v ϕ = ϕ v v 3-5 v ϕ = ϕ v v ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ

( ϕ ( n -) r r = ( n ) ϕ = ϕ + ϕ dϕϕ r r 3 4 ϕ ϕ ϕ

ic S i

ff f S S = f

f + x S = f f x = ( 4 ) f + S 8 8 x = = = 0. 06mm 8 0000 0000 8

v ϕ = ϕ v v ϕ = v ϕ v v ϕ ϕ + = 0 v v ϕ 3 ϕ4 + = 0 v v 3 4 ( n n ) F λ f ( n n ) F C ϕ(n -) r r

E E cos 0 ϕ

ϕ v ϕ = ϕ v v ϕ = v ϕ v v ϕ

= S β = S S f S f = f f f

ϕ = f ϕ ϕ = f = d f f f = f f f f = f + f d f = f f ϕ = = ϕ f + f f f ϕ = ϕ + ϕ f = f f f + f 4-3 ϕ 000 f = ϕ f β = 4-4 f

f 4-3 = f f f + f f = f ϕ f + f 4-5 f f = S = f ϕ f + S S = f = S S f ϕ f + = S f f = ϕ = = f f S = f = ϕ S ϕ + ϕ

f m S 4-7 f + m m S 4-8 ϕ m + f F F D D F f = F f F F f 4-9 = f

FZP = f + FZP = f FZP FZP = F Z( β + ) / β 4 0

= Z F( β) f F P = 00( P f ) 4 - W Nf = 4 - f

N W 4-3 f ϕ + m K + 4-4

( 36)( b) f f f = f f f =

M tg ω 50 = = ( 4 5) tgω S y tg S ys tg y ω = =, ω =, 50

50 50 M = + f S S = f, S = 50 M = f S = 50mm ( 4 6) ( 4 7) M = + 50 ( 4 8) f f = f f f = f ( 4 9) l f f f = f = F F l, 50 l50 50 M = = = ( )( ) ( 4 0) f f f f f 50 l / f f

y y = ( 4 ) β l 60 β = = f f y = λ 0. 60 ( 4 n u ) sin E an sin u = ( n sin u ) ( 4 3)

ϕ = ϕ + ϕ dϕ ϕ ϕ / n = = 0. 7 n n ϕ ϕ ϕ = + = 0. 7( ϕ + ϕ ) = 07. ( ϕ + dϕϕ) n n n ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ

l β = = f 60 f β = 60 f f f

( 40)( a) f = f + f d f f f f d f f f m d m d d f f f d d d d f β = f x f

D D f ( ) 4

P ; S, P S P 3 P P, P 3 3 4 4,, P 4 F f P * * S S P 3 3

P 3 4 4 P 3 H * * f Η f y 4 5 tgu 4 = f y f = u 4 tgu u y u 4 f = = y u u u 3 u u u u 3 4 4 4 5 4 54 u u u / u x f β f = x β x 3 β3 = f 3 x 3 f β3

S S = f xx = ff = f aη + bη + c = 0 a = f + S 5 3 3 3 3 b = ζ + ( d S + S ) ζ + ( f S + S S 3 3 + f S d f S d 3 3 3 3 3 c = [( d + S ζ)( S f ) S f ] ζ b b ac η = ± 4 a ) f f 3 d 3 s s 3 ζ η

4-8 5 50 5 600 9 60 70 670 89B 690 88A 70 87 750 G4 770 G4 600 R0 630 R5 670 R0 700 R30 900 4-9 43 750 750 75080 840 80

f = ( n )( r r ) I L = I + ( d ) ( 4 5) f f 50 50mm d = = 50 50 = 0. ( mm) I = 000( mm) ( b) L = 000+ ( 0. 000 ) = 080( mm) 50 L = 50 0. = 500( mm) 0

I 0 O = = ( 4 8) T I l I D = lgo = lg = lg 0 ( 4 9) T I l K S = ( 4 30) H

4-0 b GB 9 5 8 4 7 30 3 DIN 9 5 8 4 7 30 3 ASA 6 5 50 00 00 400 800 000 TOCT 5 45 90 80 300 600 800 = 4 3 D M D N γ = = tga ( 4 3) lg H lgh M N

E = K B D π ( ) 4 f ( 7) λ y =. D ( 78a) f N = y = D ( ). λ f ( 80)

n r r = d ( 4 34) n y = λ 0. 60 ( n u 79) sin nsinu N = = ( 80( a)) y 060. λ

L ω = L b ( 4 35)

y tgω = f y tgω = f M f f = = f f ( 4 36 )

b tga = tgθ = ( 4 37) L

S ( b) β = S S S

l = d( ) ( 4 38) n

M = Jβ ( 4 40) M Α

M = FA ra FA ra ( 4 4) FA ra = F r A A F r = F r B B B B r = r B B F = F B B z n n n = z n z = ( 4 4) z 4 3

4- (mm) 50 75 05 35 0 00 300 40 540 840.5 08 3 437 56 875 5 337.5 47.5 607.5 945.5 45 367.5 54.5 66.5 09 3 66.6 400 560 70 0 4 3.5 468.8 656.3 843.7 3.5 5 360 540 756 97 5 7 457 685.6 960 34 90 0 605 907.5 7 634 54

4 cm 9 8 0.5 6 9 6 4.5 6.4 3.6 5 3 0.5 8.4 7.5 4.3 5 3.5 0.5 8 7.5 5