40 2 Vol.40, No.2 2009 3 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Mar., 2009 (Protosalanx hyalocranius) * 1 2 1 (1. 214081; 2. 214081) 12 : (Ca) 9443 22150 (Na) 1107 2418 (Mg) 876.8 1231 (K) 4662 9472 (Zn) 74 135.8 (Mn) 6.80 21.08 (Se) 2.082 6.261 (Cu) 0.489 2.704 (Fe) 24.19 (Co) 4.684 (As) 0.123 0.587 mg/kg ; (Cd) ; Na K Cu As Se Ca Mg Zn, 100% As Cd,,,,, S917 (Protosalanx hyalocranius), (, 2002),,,,,, (1985) (1992) ; (1980) ; Liu (2000),,, (1994) (Cd) (As), (1997) (2005), ( ) (Salanx acuticeps),, (Yang et al, 2002; Campana, 2005;, 2006),,,, ;,,, *, 6-115043,, E-mail jiany@ffrc.cn : 2008-07-27, : 2008-09-29
202 40 1 1.1 2007 5, 2007 9 9 10 ( 1), 6, 24 h,,, 表 1 大 银 鱼 基 本 数 据 Tab.1 The measurement of icefish samples (cm) ( g) (cm) ( g) HS1 10.8 4.7 TS1 8.0 1.5 HS2 9.9 3.5 TS2 7.8 1.5 HS3 10.4 3.2 TS3 8.7 2.3 HS4 10.2 2.8 TS4 8.5 2.1 HS5 11.0 4.0 TS5 8.5 1.8 HS6 11.0 4.6 TS6 8.3 2.1 HS7 10.5 4.1 TS7 7.8 1.6 HS8 10.3 3.6 TS8 9.2 2.9 HS9 11.0 4.5 TS9 9.5 3.2 HS10 10.3 3.7 10.5 3.9 8.5 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.1g, 1.5ml (MOS, ), PTFE ( ), 30ml 7500ce (ICP-MS), (Na) (Mg) (K) (Ca) (Mn) (Fe) (Co) (Cu) (Zn) (As) (Se) (Cd) (GBW-08571), SPSS14.1 ( Statistical Package for the Social Science ), U SRISTAT for Excel ( Social Survey Research Information ) 2 2.1 ( 2) U, (P<0.05) (1992), 4 8,,,, 2.2 12 ( 3) Na Mg K Ca, : Na (2178.6 153.4) mg/kg Mg (944.2 69.4) mg/kg K (8769 590.4) mg/kg Ca (13524.8 3240.8) mg/kg; Na (1439.1 151.5) mg/kg Mg (1138 52.8) mg/kg K (5573 590.9) mg/kg Ca (19238 1966.6) mg/kg Zn Mn : Zn (92.10 16.57) mg/kg Mn (9.31 1.89) mg/kg; Zn (125.64 8.36) mg/kg Mn (13.94 3.79) mg/kg; Fe Cu Se, : Fe (9.33 8.98) mg/kg Cu (2.177 0.310) mg/kg Se (5.401 0.387) mg/kg; Fe (3.58 1.88) mg/kg Cu (0.647 0.138) mg/kg Se (2.273 0.173) mg/kg As Co : As (0.499 0.085) mg/kg Co (0.527 0.867) mg/kg; As (0.277 0.06) mg/kg Co (1.110 1.564) mg/kg, 19 Cd 表 2 太 湖 和 洪 泽 湖 大 银 鱼 体 内 的 含 水 率 (%) Tab.2 The moisture content (%) of the icefish in the Taihu and Hongze Lakes HS1 HS2 HS3 HS4 HS5 HS6 HS7 HS8 HS9 HS10 86.8 86.1 86.2 86.5 87.2 86.6 87.7 87.6 88.9 86.1 86.9 0.89 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 83.6 82.9 80.7 84.4 83.1 75.7 83.5 82.3 90 82.8 3.72
2 : (Protosalanx hyalocranius) 203, Ca > K > Na > Mg > Zn > Mn > Fe > Se > Cu > Co > As > Cd, Ca 9443 22150mg/kg, Na 1107 2418 mg/kg, Mg 876.8 1231mg/kg, K 4662 9472mg/kg, Zn 74 135.8mg/kg, Mn 6.80 21.08mg/kg, Fe 0.981 24.19mg/kg, Se 2.082 6.261mg/kg, Cu 0.489 2.704mg/kg, Co 0.342 4.684mg/kg, As 0.123 0.587 mg/kg, Cd, Fe Co, Mg Ca Mn Co Zn, Na Mg K Ca Cu As Se (P<0.01), Zn (P<0.05) Na K Ca Se, ( 1) 3 3.1, Fe,,, 1 Fig.1 The comparison among concentrations of different elements in the icefishes in the Taihu and Hongze Lakes **P<0.01, *P<0.05 表 3 太 湖 (T) 和 洪 泽 湖 (H) 大 银 鱼 体 内 元 素 的 浓 度 (mg/kg) Tab.3 The concentration (mg/kg) of elements in body of the icefish in the Taihu (T) and Hongzehu (H) Lakes Na Mg K Ca Mn Fe Co Cu Zn As Se Cd T1 2251 1008 8745 18190 10.48 16.49 0.87 2.70 129.40 0.44 5.11 T2 2110 1011 8228 17800 11.58 5.57 0.93 2.50 101.10 0.59 5.45 T3 2230 876.8 8956 10250 6.80 0.96 0.34 1.92 74.00 0.48 5.22 T4 2139 1053 8590 15220 7.83 3.92 2.61 2.06 88.21 0.46 5.51 T5 1971 859.2 8138 11940 9.80 24.19 1.97 93.10 0.41 4.90 T6 2381 933.9 9896 11420 9.43 9.58 2.35 82.61 0.40 6.26 T7 2027 922.3 8274 15560 12.22 20.63 2.35 98.52 0.51 5.37 T8 2080 870.5 8624 9443 7.32 1.75 80.69 0.63 5.20 T9 2418 963.1 9472 11900 8.32 2.67 2.01 81.21 0.59 5.59 2179 944 8769 13525 9.31 9.33 0.53 2.18 92.10 0.50 5.40 153.4 69.4 590.4 3240.8 1.89 8.98 0.87 0.31 16.57 0.09 0.39 Na Mg K Ca Mn Fe Co Cu Zn As Se Cd H1 1359 1231 5365 19320 11.31 0.98 0.73 123.80 0.21 2.27 H2 1466 1067 6192 15150 16.85 0.49 114.70 0.31 2.10 H3 1329 1092 5247 17960 11.50 5.72 0.41 115.80 0.15 2.05 H4 1427 1173 5857 21890 13.81 3.74 0.52 117.30 0.31 2.31 H5 1408 1203 5044 22150 11.45 5.58 2.91 0.75 135.80 0.32 2.61 H6 1612 1157 6016 19850 10.92 3.90 0.19 0.64 127.90 0.33 2.33 H7 1587 1125 5016 19290 18.88 4.86 0.82 0.72 140.00 0.29 2.34 H8 1564 1129 6491 18500 21.08 4.04 4.68 0.87 130.30 0.34 2.20 H9 1107 1085 4662 19120 9.76 3.96 1.01 0.69 126.70 0.25 2.42 H10 1532 1117 5837 19150 13.83 2.98 1.50 0.65 124.10 0.26 2.08 1439 1138 5573 19238 13.94 3.58 1.11 0.65 125.60 0.28 2.27 151.5 52.8 590.9 1966.6 3.79 1.88 1.56 0.14 8.36 0.06 0.17 :
204 40 Cu Fe ; ;,,,, ; Mg ; K ; Na (, 2002),,,,,,,,, Zn Ca,, Zn Ca Cu, Se,, Cu Se,, (),,, 4, Mg Ca Zn (, 2006) Ca 13524.8 19238mg/kg,, 173.39mg/kg Mg 994.2 1137.9mg/kg,, 190.5mg/kg Zn 92.09 125.6mg/kg,, 28.48mg/kg,,,,,,, ( ), Ca Mg Zn Fe, 3.575 9.333 mg/kg, 9.95 mg/kg(, 2006), (2005) Fe (38.94 mg/kg) Fe, Fe 3.2, Na Mg K Ca Cu As Se (P<0.01), Zn (P = 0.02<0.05), 4, /,, (, Cd, ), 表 4 大 银 鱼 与 几 种 海 产 鱼 类 肌 肉 组 织 元 素 浓 度 的 比 较 (mg/kg) Tab.4 The comparison in element content in the icefish body (mg/kg) * * * * Na 2178.60 1439.10 468.9 431.84 424.14 396.15 Mg 994.20 1137.90 154.54 177.02 190.50 146.92 K 8769.20 5572.70 870.03 1011.98 1331.46 997.64 Ca 13524.80 19238 61.19 34.29 173.39 170.77 Fe 9.33 3.58 11.72 9.95 11.00 11.02 Cu 2.18 0.65 1.17 1.02 0.90 0.77 Zn 2.09 125.60 20.89 28.48 14.31 19.55 * (2006)
2 : (Protosalanx hyalocranius) 205 ( 2) 1 2,,, 19, 100%,, : F = 0.192C Na 0.051C Mg 0.050C K 0.0084C Ca 8.28C Mn + 4.39C Fe + 5.17C Co + 287C Cu 4.49C Zn + 291C As 28.7C Se + 347 [F, C (mg/kg)], F 332 28.4, F 332 20.1, 1 2 (H: ; T: ) Fig.2 Principal Component Analysis on the elements in the icefish (T, the Taihu Lake; H, the Hongze Lake),, ;, 3.3,, As Cd Cu Se, 5, () (NY5073-2001) (GB2762-2005), As Cd Cu Se, (2005), As Cd, : (1), 1 (, 1992), ; (2),,,,, 4 (1), Ca > K> Na > Mg > Zn > Mn > Tab.5 表 5 大 银 鱼 一 些 元 素 浓 度 与 国 家 标 准 的 比 较 (mg/kg ) The comparison in concentrations of several trace elements in the icefish of the present study with regarding national standards (mg/kg wet weight) As Cd Cu Se 0.0049 0.0076 0.0213 0.0323 0.0611 0.0827 0.0060 0.0263 0.0653 0.0009 0.0038 0.0065 0.0017 0.0039 0.0048 0.0100 0.0022 0.0262 0.0031 0.0074 0.0088 0.0006 0.0014 0.0086 GB2762-2005 0.1 0.1 1.0 NY5057-2001 0.5 0.1 50 1.0 : 2 ; ; GB2762-2005 ; NY5057-2001 ()
206 40 Fe > Se > Cu > Co > As > Cd : Ca 9443 22150, Na 1107 2418, Mg 876.8 1231, K 4662 9472, Zn 74 135.8, Mn 6.80 21.08, Se 2.082 6.261, Cu 0.489 2.704, Fe 24.19, Co 4.684, As 0.123 0.587mg/kg, Cd (2) Mg Ca Mn Co Zn : F = 0.192C Na 0.051C Mg 0.050C K 0.0084C Ca 8.28C Mn + 4.39C Fe + 5.17C Co + 287C Cu 4.49C Zn + 291C As 28.7C Se + 347 100% (3),, Ca Mg Zn Fe,, 致 谢 本 研 究 得 到 了 中 国 水 产 科 学 研 究 院 淡 水 渔 业 中 心 郁 桐 炳 副 研 究 员 何 全 源 先 生 曲 疆 奇 同 学 和 江 苏 省 太 湖 渔 业 管 理 委 员 会 的 大 力 支 持, 谨 致 谢 忱,,, 2002.., 10(4): 416 424,, 1992.., 4(1): 56 62,,, 2006.., 13(11): 60 63,,, 1994.., 24(3): 8 10,,, 1997.., 7: 13 15, 1985.., 9(3): 275 287,, 1980.., 4: 76 79,,, 2005.., 14(3): 362 366,, 2005.., 3: 39 40,,, 2002.., 9(9): 1 49,, 2006.. (,, ). :, 121 127 Campana S E, 2005. Otolith Elemental Composition as a Natural Marker of Fish Stocks. In: Cadrin S X, Friedland K D, Waldman J R ed. Stock Identification Methods: Applications in Fishery Science. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press, 227 245 Liu Z W, Herzig A, Schiemer F, 2000. Growth of the Icefish Neosalanx pseudotaihuensis (Salangidae) in Xujiahe Reservoir, Central China. Environ Biol Fish, 59(2): 219 227 Yang J, Kunito T, Tanabe S et al, 2002. Trace elements in skin of Dall s porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) from the northern waters of Japan: an evaluation for utilization as non-lethal tracers. Mar Pollut Bull, 45(1 12): 230 236
2 : (Protosalanx hyalocranius) 207 BIOACCUMULATION OF ELEMENTS IN ICEFISH PROTOSALANX HYALOCRANIUS FROM THE TAIHU LAKE AND HONGZE LAKE YANG Jian 1, XU Xun 2, LIU Hong-Bo 1 (1. Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081; 2. College of Fisheries, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081) Abstract Icefish Protosalanx hyalocranius is an important commercial fish in freshwater lakes of China. Research on bioaccumulation of mineral and trace elements in this fish is however very limited. Bioaccumulation of 12 elements in 19 P. hyalocranius individuals from the Taihu and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, China are studied with ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy). Results show that the concentration ranges of elements in the fish collected from the two lakes are: calcium (Ca), 9443 22150; sodium (Na), 1107 2418; magnesium (Mg), 876.8 1231; potassium (K), 4662 9472; zinc (Zn), 74 135.8; manganese (Mn), 6.80 21.08; selenium (Se), 2.082 6.261; copper (Cu), 0.489 2.704; arsenic (As), 0.123 0.587; iron (Fe), non-detectable (n.d.) 24.19; cobalt (Co), n.d. 4.684mg/kg dry weight; and cadmium (Cd), n.d. Except for Fe, P. hyalocranius seems to be rich in essential elements generally, especially Ca, Mg, and Zn. The concentrations of Na, K, Cu, As, and Se in the Taihu Lake fish samples are significantly higher than those in the Hongze Lake, while the Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations are significantly higher in the latter. Principal component analysis reveals clear geographic differentiation in holistic elemental accumulation patterns in samples of the two lakes. A linear discriminate analysis function has been established based on the element concentration patterns to discriminate them between the two lakes and the discrimination rate reached 100%. In addition, As, Cd, Cu and Se residuals are well below the levels of the national standards for foods (NY5073-2001 and GB2762-2005). Therefore, the fish shall be safe for human consumption. Key words Icefish Protosalanx hyalocranius, Element, Principal Component Analysis, Discriminated Analysis, The Taihu Lake, The Hongze Lake