1114 25 7 d 0. 1 kg 177 ~ 181 d 3. 0 kg /d 16 ~ 36 d 37 d 0. 9 kg /d 0. 1 kg /d 1 1. 1 2011 8 2012 2 177 ~ 181 d 1 ~ 1. 8 kg /d 1. 2 kg /d2 3 d 1 d 41

2013 25 5 1113-1122 Chinese Journal of nimal Nutrition doi 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1006-267x. 2013. 05. 029 * 100081 本 试 验 旨 在 研 究 添 加 颗 粒 料 对 用 于 生 产 小 牛 肉 的 奶 公 犊 牛 生 长 性 能 屠 宰 性 能 组 织 器 官 发 育 的 影 响 选 取 平 均 体 重 为 ( 41. 00 ± 1. 55) kg 的 24 头 新 生 荷 斯 坦 奶 公 犊 牛, 随 机 分 为 2 个 处 理, 处 理 饲 喂 代 乳 品 和 羊 草, 处 理 饲 喂 代 乳 品 颗 粒 料 和 羊 草 试 验 期 180 d 测 定 犊 牛 生 长 性 能, 饲 养 试 验 结 束 后, 每 个 处 理 选 取 5 头 牛 进 行 屠 宰, 测 定 屠 宰 性 能 及 各 组 织 器 官 鲜 重 结 果 表 明 : 2 个 处 理 犊 牛 全 期 平 均 日 增 重 ( 0. 73 kg vs. 0. 74 kg) 和 饲 料 转 化 率 ( 2. 39 vs. 2. 36) 差 异 不 显 著 ( P > 0. 05), 体 高 体 长 胸 围 管 围 腰 角 宽 差 异 亦 不 显 著 ( P > 0. 05) ; 处 理 犊 牛 腹 泻 率 及 腹 泻 频 率 分 别 比 处 理 低 4. 87 和 1. 31 个 百 分 点, 差 异 显 著 ( P < 0. 05) ; 2 个 处 理 犊 牛 的 屠 宰 率 净 肉 率 胴 体 出 肉 率 及 肉 骨 比 均 无 显 著 差 异 ( P > 0. 05) ; 从 胃 室 发 育 看, 处 理 犊 牛 复 胃 鲜 重 及 各 胃 室 鲜 重 占 空 体 重 比 例 皆 极 显 著 高 于 处 理 ( P < 0. 01) 在 专 门 用 于 小 牛 肉 生 产 的 出 生 后 1 ~ 181 d 的 奶 公 犊 牛 饲 粮 中 添 加 颗 粒 料, 可 保 持 犊 牛 同 等 的 生 长 性 能 和 屠 宰 性 能, 促 进 犊 牛 复 胃 的 发 育, 并 降 低 腹 泻 率 和 腹 泻 频 率 奶 公 犊 牛 ; 颗 粒 料 ; 生 长 性 能 ; 屠 宰 性 能 ; 复 胃 S823 1006-267X 2013 05-1113-10 2000 488. 7 1 2011 1 470 2 5 3 4 6 3 7-10 11-6. 4 ~ 7. 0 12 40% 110 4 9 13-16 5 7 12 14 2012-11 - 22 0032011033 1987 E-mail wangyongchao0323@ 163. com * E-mail tuyan@ caas. cn

1114 25 7 d 0. 1 kg 177 ~ 181 d 3. 0 kg /d 16 ~ 36 d 37 d 0. 9 kg /d 0. 1 kg /d 1 1. 1 2011 8 2012 2 177 ~ 181 d 1 ~ 1. 8 kg /d 1. 2 kg /d2 3 d 1 d 41. 00 ± 51 d 51 ~ 1. 55 kg 24 61 d 50 g /d 62 ~ 91 d 150 g /d 2 12 92 ~ 121 d 300 g /d 122 ~ 151 d 450 g /d 2 152 ~ 181 d 600 g /d ZL02128844. 5 16 ~ 22 d 0. 7 kg /d 7 d 0. 1 kg 72 ~ 78 d 3 2 0. 9 0. 6 g /d 7 d 0. 06 kg 0. 04 kg 1 Table 1 1 Composition of pellet diet and nutrient levels of pellet diet milk replacer and Chinese w ildrye DM basis % Ingredients Pellet diet Corn 59. 5 Wheat bran 8. 0 Whey pow der 5. 0 Wheat gluten meal 7. 0 Peanut gluten meal 14. 0 Lys 0. 7 Met 0. 3 Thr 0. 5 Premix 1 5. 0 Total 100. 0 Milk replacer Chinese w ildrye Nutrient levels 2 DM 89. 42 95. 77 92. 50 GE / MJ /kg 18. 73 21. 05 18. 92 CP 21. 47 23. 38 7. 25 EE 3. 74 18. 23 3. 55 sh 4. 04 5. 93 4. 79 Ca 0. 65 0. 74 0. 29 TP 0. 46 0. 57 0. 07 1 Premix provides the follow ing per kilogram of the pellet diet V 18 000 IU VD 5 000 IU VE 45 mg Cu 6 mg Mn 40 mg Zn 70 mg I 0. 9 mg Se 0. 5 mg Co 0. 3 mg Mg 60 mg 2 Nutrient levels are all measured values. 1. 2 50 16 ~ 43 d 1 7

5 1115 44 ~ 99 d 1 6 100 ~ 155 d 1 5 156 ~ 181 d 1 4 = 100 / 38 ~ = / 39 17 1. 3. 3 24 0. 1% 0. 3% 1. 4 SS 9. 1 t 1 ~ 2 2% MIXED 0. 5% 0. 2% LSD 1. 3 1. 3. 1 16 31 61 91 121 151 181 d 23 ε P < 0. 05 P < 0. 01 18-20 DMI DG 2 20-21 2. 1 = 100 / = 100 Σ / 1. 3. 2 0. 01 DMI P < 181 d 0. 01 2 DMI > 5 0. 05 12 h 8 h P < 0. 01 SW 2 P > 0. 05 12 ~ 13 2. 2 QCJ - 2000 3 2 P > 0. 05 61 ~ 91 d 22 23 P < 0. 05 EW = - = - P < 0. 01 = 100 / = - - = 100 / Y ijk = μ + T i + M j + TM ij + C T ik + ε ijk T i = 1 2 M j = 1 6 C k = 1 2 2 DMI P > 0. 05 DMI P < P > 0. 05 P < 0. 01 P < 0. 05

1116 25 2 1 ~ 181 d Table 2 DMI Effects of pellet diet supplementation on DM I and nutrient intakes of dairy bull calves on 1 to 181 days after birth DM basis n = 12 kg Treatment Total 45. 92 48. 07 1. 84 0. 052 8 Milk replacer 228. 75 170. 72 3. 23 < 0. 000 1 Pellet diet 0. 00 72. 89 2. 11 < 0. 000 1 Chinese w ildrye 40. 80 40. 36 0. 96 0. 698 7 Nutrient intakes CP 56. 42 58. 46 1. 11 0. 165 5 EE 43. 14 35. 27 0. 63 < 0. 000 1 sh 15. 52 14. 99 0. 28 0. 160 4 Ca 1. 81 1. 85 0. 04 0. 344 0 TP 1. 33 1. 34 0. 02 0. 894 4 P < 0. 05 P < 0. 01 In the same row values w ith different small letter superscripts mean significant difference P < 0. 05 and w ith different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference P < 0. 01. The same as below. Table 3 3 Effects of pellet diet supplementation on grow th performance of dairy bull calves n = 12 ody w eight /kg verage daily gain /kg Feed conversion ratio Treatment Days after birth /d of fixed effects Treatment Days after Treatment days birth after birth 1 ~ 181 87. 11 87. 51 3. 36 0. 902 6 < 0. 000 1 0. 085 0 1 41. 08 41. 15 1. 55 0. 974 8 181 165. 57 173. 22 4. 64 0. 231 5 1 ~ 181 0. 74 0. 73 0. 03 0. 706 9 < 0. 000 1 0. 055 7 61 ~ 91 0. 80 a 0. 68 b 0. 04 0. 048 4 1 ~ 181 2. 36 2. 39 0. 08 0. 851 6 < 0. 000 1 0. 282 8 Wither height /cm 1 ~ 181 92. 24 92. 03 0. 88 0. 831 8 < 0. 000 1 0. 055 4 ody length /cm 1 ~ 181 90. 71 90. 21 1. 00 0. 611 4 < 0. 000 1 0. 032 5 Heart girth /cm 1 ~ 181 101. 12 100. 47 1. 37 0. 623 2 < 0. 000 1 0. 682 6 Cannon circumference / cm 1 ~ 181 12. 67 12. 70 0. 09 0. 866 1 < 0. 000 1 0. 780 7 Hip w idth /cm 1 ~ 181 24. 98 25. 06 0. 36 0. 805 9 < 0. 000 1 0. 116 2 2. 3 4 2 2. 5 4. 87 1. 31 2. 4 P > 0. 05 P < 0. 05 6 P < 0. 05 P < 0. 05 5 2 P < 0. 01 +

5 1117 P > 0. 05 2 4 Table 4 Effects of pellet diet supplementation on diarrhea of dairy bull calves n = 12 % Treatment Diarrhea incidence 21. 92 a 17. 05 b 1. 55 0. 025 7 Diarrheic frequency 3. 50 a 2. 19 b 0. 35 0. 013 9 Table 5 5 Effects of pellet diet supplementation on slaughter traits in dairy bull calves n = 5 Treatment SW /kg 168. 18 166. 86 5. 00 0. 814 9 EW /kg 152. 20 148. 61 3. 94 0. 458 8 Carcass w eight /kg 95. 92 95. 04 3. 73 0. 838 1 Eye muscle area /cm 2 63. 09 62. 75 3. 79 0. 941 6 Meat w eight /kg 70. 05 67. 65 3. 19 0. 519 5 one w eight /kg 24. 52 25. 96 0. 79 0. 211 4 Dressing percentage /% 56. 98 56. 95 0. 73 0. 978 2 Meat percentage /% 41. 58 40. 54 0. 87 0. 377 1 Meat percentage of carcass /% 72. 95 71. 17 0. 85 0. 130 3 Ratio of meat to bone 2. 86 2. 62 0. 11 0. 120 9 Table 6 6 Effects of pellet diet supplementation on development of tissues and organs of dairy bull calves n = 5 Tissues organs + Head + feet Skin Heart Liver Spleen Lung Left kidney including fat Treatment Fresh w eight /kg 12. 62 12. 56 0. 75 0. 940 7 Percentage in EW /% 8. 32 8. 46 0. 57 0. 829 9 Fresh w eight /kg 12. 42 11. 84 0. 61 0. 415 4 Percentage in EW /% 8. 16 7. 97 0. 32 0. 602 8 Fresh w eight /g 1 552. 38 1 405. 42 126. 07 0. 432 2 Percentage in EW /% 1. 02 0. 94 0. 08 0. 471 7 Fresh w eight /g 3 362. 50 a 2 760. 62 b 161. 04 0. 020 0 Percentage in EW /% 2. 23 1. 86 0. 16 0. 067 2 Fresh w eight /g 474. 02 500. 24 21. 64 0. 411 6 Percentage in EW /% 0. 31 0. 34 0. 02 0. 268 5 Fresh w eight /g 2 561. 54 2 528. 98 171. 26 0. 890 0 Percentage in EW /% 1. 68 1. 70 0. 09 0. 882 3 Fresh w eight /g 679. 84 713. 22 33. 25 0. 488 7 Percentage in EW /% 0. 45 0. 48 0. 02 0. 318 3

1118 25 6 Tissues organs Genitals Esophagus Stomachus compositus 1 Intestine 2 Gastrointestinal appendages 3 Treatment Fresh w eight /g 750. 86 a 573. 60 b 46. 64 0. 018 0 Percentage in EW /% 0. 50 a 0. 39 b 0. 04 0. 040 7 Fresh w eight /g 217. 02 197. 40 28. 46 0. 567 3 Percentage in EW /% 0. 14 0. 13 0. 02 0. 641 8 Fresh w eight /g 2 748. 56 3 600. 34 108. 87 < 0. 000 1 Percentage in EW /% 1. 81 2. 42 0. 04 < 0. 000 1 Fresh w eight /g 5 172. 04 5 417. 82 187. 61 0. 287 0 Percentage in EW /% 3. 41 3. 65 0. 12 0. 188 3 Fresh w eight /g 2 383. 22 2 079. 24 161. 68 0. 138 2 Percentage in EW /% 1. 58 1. 40 0. 15 0. 290 4 1 Stomachus compositus contain the rumen reticulum omasum and abomasum w ithout content. 2 Intestine contains the large and small intestine w ithout content. 3 Gastrointestinal appendages contain mesentery omentum majus and intestinal fat. 2. 6 P < 0. 01 2 7 P > P < 0. 01 0. 05 P < 0. 05 Table 7 7 Effects of pellet diet supplementation on development of each stomach compartment in dairy bull calves n = 5 Stomach compartments Rumen Reticulum Omasum bomasum Treatment Fresh w eight /g 1 447. 78 1 882. 92 69. 34 0. 000 5 Percentage in EW /% 0. 95 1. 27 0. 03 < 0. 000 1 Percentage in total w eight of stomachus compositus /% 52. 60 52. 33 1. 20 0. 847 4 Fresh w eight /g 322. 70 b 405. 08 a 20. 74 0. 013 0 Percentage in EW /% 0. 21 0. 27 0. 01 0. 003 2 Percentage in total w eight of stomachus compositus /% 11. 76 11. 24 0. 65 0. 495 1 Fresh w eight /g 432. 36 646. 10 37. 72 0. 002 4 Percentage in EW /% 0. 28 0. 43 0. 02 0. 001 7 Percentage in total w eight of stomachus compositus /% 15. 72 17. 96 1. 10 0. 145 1 Fresh w eight /g 545. 72 b 666. 24 a 38. 89 0. 020 7 Percentage in EW /% 0. 36 0. 45 0. 02 0. 005 2 Percentage in total w eight of stomachus compositus /% 19. 92 18. 47 0. 86 0. 190 9

5 1119 9 31 3 58% 43% 3. 1 60% 46% 32 55% 25-26 33 3 57% 39% 26 9 41. 0 kg 16 6 51% 47% Vieira 7 Webb 12 = 3 2 3. 3 Xiccato 14 10. 0 kg 8 12 27 DMI 28 2 DMI 1 ~ 181 d 2 29 3. 2 30 56. 95% 40. 54% 34-35 56. 98% 41. 58%

1120 25 5 27-29. 2 4. 36 Terré 28 J. 2011 37 4 10-14. 5. 15 CST D.. 2010 6-7. 6. J. Webb 2011 12 13-14. 12 7 VIEIR C GRC M D CERDE O et al. Effect of diet composition and slaughter w eight on animal performance carcass and meat quality and fatty acid composition in veal calves J. Livestock Production Science 2005 93 3 263-275. 8. 3. 4 J. 2011 4 56-58. 9. J. 2005 41 7 46-48. 10. C / / 2. 2008 12-15. 21 11. J. 2002 7 4-5. 12 WE L E OKKERS E M ENGEL et al. ehaviour and w elfare of veal calves fed different a- 3. 3 mounts of solid feed supplemented to a milk replacer ration adjusted for similar grow th J. pplied nimal ehaviour Science. 2012 136 2 /3 /4 108-116. 13 TIMMERMN H M MULDER L EVERTS H et al. Health and grow th of veal calves fed milk replacers w ith or w ithout probiotics J. Journal of Dairy Science 2005 88 6 2154-2165. 4 14 XICCTO G TROCINO QUEQUE P I et al. Rearing veal calves w ith respect to animal w elfare effects of group housing and solid feed supplementation on grow th performance and meat quality J. 1 ~ 181 d Livestock Production Science 2002 75 3 269-280. 15. J. 2006 32 5 90-92. 1 2002 J. 16. 2003 5 57. J. 2010 11 3-6. 2. J. 17. 2008 4 75-76. J. 3. 2009 21 1 47-52. J. 2009 18 HEINRICHS J JONES C M HEINRICHS S.

5 1121 Effects of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics in neonatal diets on health and grow th of dairy calves J. Journal of Dairy Science 2003 86 12 4064-4069. 19 QUIGLEY J D WOLFE T ELSSSER T H. Effects of additional milk replacer feeding on calf health grow th and selected blood metabolites in calves J. Journal of Dairy Science 2006 89 1 207-216. 20. 29. J. J. 2008 2007 19 2 124-128. 21. 6 ~ 11 30. J. 2010 J. 43 19 4094-4100. 22 HILL S R KNOWLTON K F DNIELS K M et al. Effects of milk replacer composition on grow th body composition and nutrient excretion in prew eaned Holstein heifers J. Journal of Dairy Science 2008 91 8 3145-3155. 23. 33. J. J. 2010 46 1 31-33. 24. M. 3. 34. 2007 48-150. D.. 25. 2012 1-4. J. 35 HEINRICHS J. Rumen development in the dairy calf 2009 37 2 59-63. 26. E 187. D.. 36. 2006 23-25. J. 2004 4 50-27 FRNKLIN S T MRL-PHILLIPS D M JCK- SON J et al. Health and performance of Holstein calves that suckled or w ere hand-fed colostrum and w ere fed one of three physical forms of starter J. Journal of Dairy Science. 2003 86 6 2145-2153. 28 TERR M DEVNT M CH. Effect of level of milk replacer fed to Holstein calves on performance during the prew eaning period and starter digestibility at w eaning J. Livestock Science 2007 110 1 /2 82-88. 35 10 14-18. 2012 24 5 953-960. 31. J. 2006 1 43-46. 32. J. 2011 19 54-57. 2010 45 6 23-27. J. dvances in Dairy Technology 2005 17 179-53.

1122 25 Effects of Pellet Diet Supplementation on Growth Performance Slaughter Traits Development of Tissues and Organs of Dairy ull Calves for Veal Production WNG Yongchao JING Chenggang CUI Xiang DIO Qiyu TU Yan * Feed Research Institute Chinese cademy of gricultural Sciences eijing 100081 China bstract This study w as designed to investigate the effects of pellet diet supplementation on grow th performance slaughter traits development of tissues and organs of dairy bull calves for veal production. Tw enty-four new born Holstein bull calves w ith an average w eight of 41. 00 ± 1. 55 kg w ere randomly allocated to tw o dietary treatments calves in treatment w ere fed milk replacer and Chinese w ildrye and those in treatment w ere fed milk replacer pellet diet and Chinese w ildrye. The trial lasted for 180 d. Grow th performance of calves w as measured. Five calves from each treatment w ere slaughtered to determine slaughter traits and w et w eights of each tissue and organ. The results show ed that there w ere no significant differences in average daily gain 0. 73 vs. 0. 74 kg and feed conversion ratio 2. 39 vs. 2. 36 during the w hole experimental period P > 0. 05 the differences in w ither height body length heart girth cannon circumference and hip w idths w ere not significant either P > 0. 05 the diarrhea incidence and the diarrheic rate of calves in treatment w ere 4. 87 and 1. 31 percent low er than those in treatment respectively P < 0. 05 no significant differencs in dressing percentage meat percentage dressing percentage of carcass and ratio of meat to bone w ere found betw een tw o treatments P > 0. 05 additionally the w et w eight of stomachus compositus and percentage of each stomach compartment in empty body w eight of calves in treatment w ere significantly higher than those in treatment P < 0. 01. Dietary supplementation of pellet diet can maintain grow th performance and slaughter traits of Holstein bull calves on 1 to 181 days after birth for veal production specifically and improve the development of stomachus compositus but reduce diarrhea incidence and diarrheic rates. Chinese Journal of nimal Nutrition 2013 25 5 1113-1122 Key words dairy bull calves pellet diet grow th performance slaughter traits stomachus compositus * Corresponding author professor E-mail tuyan@ caas. cn ( 编 辑 王 智 航 )