Analysis of Radiation Effect from Fire of Fuel Tank
I
2000 Jun. II
1-1... 7 1-2 (1)Tank Fire Point Source Model... 7 1-3 (3)Tank Fire Equivalent Radiator Model... 8 1-4 (2)Pool Fire Solid Flame Model... 8 2-1... 27 2-2 (2)Tank Fire Solid Flame Model... 27 2-3... 28 2-4... 28 2-5... 29 3-1... 35 3-2 RKFB... 36 3-3 FB... 37 4-1... 44 4-2... 45 4-3... 46 4-4... 47 4-5... 48 4-6... 49 4-7... 50 4-8... 51 4-9... 52 4-10... 53 4-11... 54 4-12... 55 4-13... 56 4-14... 57 4-15... 58 4-16... 59 V
4-17 30... 60 4-18 30... 61 4-19 30... 62 4-20 30... 63 4-21... 64 VI
1-1...9 2-1 (n)... 29 VII
( ) A (m 2 ) A f C C p C pa C pw C pg C pl D d E e b, F ij F f tgt G G r g H H T H C H V h h r h 1ah, h 2ah (m 2 ) (310 8 m) (J/KgK) (J/KgK) (J/KgK) (J/KgK) (J/KgK) (m) (m) (J) (W/m 2 m) (W/m 2 ) Grashof (9.81 m/s 2 ) (m) (m) (KJ/Kg) (KJ/Kg) (6.62510-34 JS) (W/m 2 K) (W/m 2 K) VIII
h 13 h 24 h 34 K w k L m m (W/m 2 K) (W/m 2 K) (W/m 2 K) (W/m 2 K) (m) (kg) (Kg/m 2 s) m N u Q r Q s q q rad, q r (kg/m 2 s) Nusselt (KJ) (KJ) (W) (W) q rad (W/m 2 ) R R a r r s T T a T b T c T f (m) Rayleigh (m) (K) (K) (K) (K) (K) IX
T o T s T sur t V V f V g V L X Z (K) (K) (K) (m 3 ) (H Z ) (m 3 ) (m 3 ) (m) (m) ρ g ρ L ρ ρ o w b g (m) (Kg/sm) (Kg/m 3 ) (Kg/m 3 ) (Kg/m 3 ) (Kg/m 3 ) (5.6710-8 W/m 2 K 4 ) X
L s w sur XI
1
2
3
4 1 2 3 1-2 [3]
5
6
Q S Q E 1-2 (1) Tank Fire Point Source Model 7
1-3 (3)Tank Fire Equivalent Radiator Model 8
1-1 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 57 96 116 97 124 126 159 13 30 17 15 7 6 27 501 634 684 721 894 945 1092 78 94 76 70 66 76 108 1224 2020 2070 2185 2592 1882 1644 218 540 334 308 114 115 130 2065 2282 2471 2385 2610 2663 2623 216 215 181 221 198 204 233 597 727 777 842 888 878 886 80 89 72 93 69 73 100 195 243 221 206 251 165 130 18 29 22 16 14 6 10 77 106 116 106 95 117 102 8 11 9 10 9 8 7 12 22 24 8 17 30 12 2 1 3 2 1 4 5 23 208 6 87 4 2 4 829 846 794 866 767 936 884 52 89 42 49 60 41 45 452 612 588 675 647 628 559 52 59 75 58 43 60 74 6009 7588 7861 8091 8885 8393 8299 743 1244 835 844 585 593 739
10
electromagnetic wave 310 8 / V f µ m V f hv f h 11
hv f 2 C hv f hv f C b, λ 5 C1 {exp[ C2 /( T )] 1} µ b,λ µ µ µ 12
13
q A 14
15 j i j i A A i dada R A j i 2 cos cos 1 π θ θ j i j i A A j da da R A j i 2 cos cos 1 π θ θ
16 m m ( exp( kβd )) H H 1 C V T C ( T ) b To p dt
ρ o m gd 0.61 m 2 C pto Qr 3 5 D 2 H C gρ o r S m m 17
( ) ( ) α + β / 4 γ / 2 12α + β + 16γ 18 Solid Flame Model
1 1 K ( ) ( ) + K A 2S 1 A S 1 1 1 S 1 tan tan tan 2 πs π S AB B( S + 1) S S + 1 S 1 2 1 1 sin π D 2X sin tan K X D / 2 19
20
21
a b 22
23
dt 1 dt dt 2 dt dt 3 dt dt 4 dt 24
hh k gβ TD αν β T ν g ( T ) S 2 D 3 3 25
( k Z ) kw x w 1/ 2 1 1 1 / 2 ( h + h ) ( h + h ) 13 1ah + 24 2ah 2 Ja 3 Pr C nb C pl Tw h m L ( T ) sat fg 1 / 2 26
2-2 (2)Tank Fire Solid Flame Model 27
2-3 2-4 28
2-5 2-1 (n) 29
30
31
f ( xn 1) x n = xn 1 n 1 f ( x ) n 1 V H l 2 1 3 Vl = π rh H 3 2 1 F = V 3 l π rh H 3 H 32
F H new = πh 2 2πrH 2 1 3 Vl π rh H F ( H ) 3 = H = 2 F ( H ) πh 2πrH H V l r 33 O ( h 5 ) f f Runge Kutta Fehlberg Method RKFB FB RKFB FB
f (4) x [ a, b] f ( x) M (4) f [ a, b] n P = x, x,..., x } n { 0 1 n b a [ a, b] h = n b h f x) dx [ f ( x ) + 4 f ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) + 4 f ( x ) + 2 f ( x a 1 2 3 3 ( 0 4 ) +... + 4 f ( x n 3 ) + 2 f ( x n 2 ) + 4 f ( x n 1 ) + f ( xn )] M ε ( b a) h 180 4 34
NO VTHICKSZX Solid Flame Model SIMPSON Runge - Kutta - Fehlberg Method 1 10E-6 T I = 300 RA 35 YES YES NO 3-1
NO RKFB Call FB FB I = 6 YES 3-2 36
FB FB RKFB RKFB 3-3 FB 37
500 8000m 3 0.01 0.1m 5 95 16 100m 2000m 3 0.03m 50 20m 2-4 4-1 4-4 T 1 1 T 1 30 500m 3 8000m 3 4-1 2 T 1 T 1 0.01m 0.1m 550 0.03m 4-2 3 T 1 5 95 38
22 T 1 T 1 T 3 T 4 4-3 4 T 1 16m 0.5m 100m 85m 500 100m 16m 1/9 2030m 30m 4-4 T 2 T 1 120 510 1 T 2 5 10 2500m 3 4-5 2 T 2 80 90 0.01m 10 80 0.1m 27 80 T 2 T 2 39
4-6 3 T 2 T 1 27 T 1 22 4-7 4 T 2 72 2030m 40m 55 80m 4-8 T 3 T 1 T 4 T 1 T 4 T 3 1 T 3 135 4-9 2 0.01m 0.02m 40
4-10 3 45 45% 95% 3 4-11 4 20m 30m 40m 60 4-12 T 4 T 3 T 4 T 2 T 3 1 T 3 45 4-13 2 T 4 T 3 T 3 T 1 T 1 T 3 T 4 T 2 T 3 T 2 T 1 T 1 4-14 3 T 4 5%95% 30 T 3 T 4 4-15 41 T 4
4 T 4 40m 30 20m30m 100m T 4 4-16 4-17 4-20 T 1 T 4 30 T 1 T 3 T 2 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 3 40 250 500 1 2 0.1m 200 0.05m 0.0006m 3 4 42
10m 300 25m 4-21 300 20m 0.05m 43
m 3
m
m
m 3
m
m
m
m
m 3
m
m
m
m
m m 4-21
Solid Flame Model 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 65
8 1 2 factor map 3 4 66
2. Crocker, W.P. and D.H. Napier, Thermal Radiation Hazards of Liquid Pool Fires and Tank Fires, I.Chem.E. Symp. Ser. 1986 3. 1998 4. Babrauskas, V., Fire Technol. 19, 251-2611983 5. Burgess, D.S. and Zabetakis,M.G. U.S. Bureau of Mines, R.I. 6099 1962 6. Heskestad, G. Fire Safety J. 5, 103-1081983 7. Thomas, P.H., 9 th Int l Symposium on Combustion, 844, Academic Press, N.Y. 1963 8. 1996 9. J.A. Simmos Risk Assessment Method for Volatile, Toxic and Flammable Materials, 4 th International Symposium on the Transport of Hazardous Cargoes by Sea and Inland water ways, P.37 1975 10. 1994 67
11. Raphael, J.M., Prediction of temperature in rivers and reservoirs, Proc. Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng.,J. Power Division, 88, 157-165 1962 12. Holman, J.P., Heat Transfer, 7 th ed. In SI units, p.354, McGraw-Hill, New York1954 13. Incropera, F.P. and D.P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, p.636, Prentice Hall, New Jersey1992 14. Ramskill, P.K., A Description of the ENGULF Computer Code, J. Hazardous Mat., 20, 177,1988 15. Mills, A.F. Heat Transfer, p636, Prentice Hall, New Jersey1992 Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, 4 th ed, Incropera, DeWitt 1997 1994 1999 19. 68