华 北 农 学 报 2013,28 ( 5 ) : 2 13-2 1 8 1 2 1 1 1 1. 100101 2. 100101 P K Fo P N Fv /Fm Φ PSⅡ ETR K Φ PSⅡ ETR K NPK N P P 32. 86% Φ PSⅡ ETR Φ PSⅡ ETR 0. 986 0. 988 CO 2 N CO 2 P S143 A 1000-7091 2013 05-0213 - 06 Effects of Long-term Nutrient Deficiency on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize LI Fu-jie 1 2 WU Lan-fang 1 MA Jun-hua 1 KANG Hua-jing 1 1. Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Abstract Based on the long-term nutrient balance experiment conducted in Yucheng Comprehensive Exp. Station of CAS the effects of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium on the photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize were investigated respectively in this study. Four treatments namely NP NK PK and NPK used as comparison are selected. In order to study the photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize in the long-term nutrient deficiency conditions the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter photosynthetic rate light response curve and CO 2 response curve of summer maize leaves are measured. The results showed that phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency would lead to the increase of initial fluorescence Fo. Phosphorus deficiency and nitrogen deficiency would lead to the decrease of the maximal photochemical efficiency Fv /Fm and actual photochemical efficiency Φ PSⅡ and electrons transfer efficiency ETR while the lack of potassium alone had no significant effect on the above indicators. Compared with the photosynthetic rate under the conditions of an adequate supply of NPK the deficiency of potassium has not reduce the photosynthetic rate significantly while the deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus has lead to an significant decrease of the photosynthetic rate especially phosphorus deficiency conditions the photosynthetic rate has decreased by 32. 86%. The variation of photosynthetic rate follows the same trend of Φ PSⅡ and ETR variation. The results of statistical analysis showed that there is significant linear correlation relationship between photosynthetic rate and Φ PSⅡ and ETR. The correlation coefficients are as high as 0. 986 and 0. 988 respectively. By analyzing the light response curve and CO 2 response curve it is concluded that the impact of nitrogen deficiency on the maximal photosynthetic rate saturation light intensity and saturation CO 2 concentration is more significant than the impact of phosphorus deficiency. 2013-05 - 14 2007BAD89B09 2013BAD05B03 1985-1963 -
214 华 北 农 学 报 28 卷 Key words Summer corn Nutrition deficiency Chlorophyll fluorescence Photosynthesis rate 3 1 1 1. 1 ATP 36 57'N 116 36'E 28 m 2 Peng 3 CO 2 13. 1 1-3 7 4 26. 91 200 d 610 mm / 3-5 75. 7 mm / /12. 4% 6-8 419. 7 mm Fv /Fm Fv /Fo Φ PSⅡ 68. 8% 1. 2 1990 NK NP PK NPK CK 5 4 20 NPK NP NK PK 4 PK NK NP N P KNPK N 547. 56 kg /hm 2 P 325. 35 kg /hm 2 K 595. 95 kg /hm 2 5 30 m 2 6 0 ~ 20 cm 1 CO 2 Treatments / g /kg Organic matter / mg /kg Total N Tab. 1 1 Nutrient content of the soil / g /kg Total P / g /kg Total K / mg /kg / mg /kg Available P Available K / mg /kg Available N CK 7. 54 518. 96 2. 02 20. 32 2. 40 88. 48 39. 96 NP 8. 27 571. 16 2. 39 20. 50 13. 06 82. 87 48. 87 NK 7. 58 556. 44 2. 04 20. 90 2. 72 251. 61 47. 56 PK 7. 53 514. 23 2. 44 21. 20 18. 74 262. 55 39. 37 NPK 8. 39 595. 47 2. 33 20. 89 13. 29 160. 83 51. 68 108 500 1 200 μmol / m 2 s 1 ~ 1. 5 h 9 00-11 00 23 00-30 50% ~ 24 00 70% Li-cor6400 30 CO 2 420 μmol /mol 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000
5 期 李 付 杰 等 : 长 期 养 分 亏 缺 对 夏 玉 米 叶 片 光 合 特 性 的 影 响 215 800 600 400 300 200 150 100 50 0 μmol / m 2 s CO 2 380 μmol /mol Pn CO 2 1 ~ 1. 5 h 2. 1 30 1 50% ~ 70% Li-cor6400 0 ~ 20 cm N P K 1 200 μmol / m 2 s CO 2 N P K 300 200 150 100 50 0 300 400 600 800 μmol /mol 1. 3 7 P n = α 1 - βi 1 + γi I - R d 1 α β γ PSⅡ I R d PSⅡ α 8 Fo I sat P max I c 9 Fo PSⅡ R d I sat 10 β + γ /β P max I sat = 槡 - 1 P γ n max = 2 α 槡 β + γ - 槡 β ( γ ) 2 N P K N P K 3 N P K 2. 2 Fo 1-A P Fo 3 P 3 0. 05 2 Each value in the fig is the mean of three repeats different small letters above data are significantly different at 0. 05 probability levels. The same as Fig. 2. 1 Fig. 1 Effects of different fertilization treatments on chlorophyll fluorescence
216 华 北 农 学 报 28 卷 PSⅡ NPK ETR P N K NPK Fo N P N P NPK Fo N K P NPK 2. 3 PSⅡ Fv /Fm PSⅡ NPK N P PSⅡ P 11 Fv /Fm PSⅡ 32. 86% Φ PSⅡ 2 ETR Φ PSⅡ ETR 1-B K NPK N P K N P NPK Fv /Fm 2 K PSⅡ Φ PSⅡ PSⅡ 12 PSⅡ Φ PSⅡ PSⅡ 13 1-C N P 2 NPK Φ PSⅡ Fig. 2 Photo rate of different fertilization treatments N P ETR 2 PSⅡ K NPK 0. 988 0 0. 001 8 K Φ PSⅡ 0. 986 0. 002 ETR 1-D Fv /Fm Φ PSⅡ K 0. 821 Tab. 2 2 ETR Φ PSⅡ Fv /Fm Correlation analysis of photo rate and ETR Φ PSⅡ Fv /Fm ERT Φ PSⅡ Fv /Fm Correlation coefficients 0. 988 0 0. 986 0. 821 Significance 0. 001 8 0. 002 0. 052 Fig. 3 3 ETR Regression equation of photo rate and ETR Fig. 4 4 Φ PSⅡ Regression equation of photo rate and Φ PSⅡ
5 期 李 付 杰 等 : 长 期 养 分 亏 缺 对 夏 玉 米 叶 片 光 合 特 性 的 影 响 217 3 y = 0. 414 2x - 39. 502 R 2 = 0. 973 7 4 y = 144. 87x - 39. 458 R 2 = 0. 971 9 1 753 μmol / m 2 s P NPK N 2. 4 P 1 600 μmol / m 2 s NPK 5 3 0. 999 NPK 1 753. 43 μmol / m 2 s N P N P 5 1 600 μmol / m 2 s N Fig. 5 Light response curve Treatments Tab. 3 3 Fo Saturation intensity Parameters of light response curve Max photo rate Light compensation point Correlation coefficient NPK 0. 032 996 1 753. 43 28. 65 24. 32 0. 999 8 NK 0. 067 884 1 614. 41 28. 67 31. 09 0. 999 7 PK 0. 077 346 1 599. 86 27. 61 36. 20 0. 999 5 2. 5 CO 2 CO 2 6 4 P NPK CO 2 N CO 2 N NPK CO 2 N CO 2 NPK P P NPK CO 2 3. 1 N P K Fo P Tab. 4 Treatments 6 CO 2 Fig. 6 CO 2 response curve 4 CO 2 Parameters of CO 2 response curve CO 2 / μmol /mol Saturation CO 2 concentration Max photo rate NPK 608. 73 31. 84 0. 986 NK 578. 78 32. 01 0. 996 PK 676. 86 26. 85 0. 980 Correlation coefficient 3 N Fv /Fm Φ PSⅡ ETR F O PSⅡ 14 F O D1 N P PS Ⅱ ETR 12 PSⅡ Fv /Fm PSⅡ Φ PSⅡ 15 PSⅡ Fv /Fm
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