1 Index1.doc

2001 4 2001 8 2001 11

(Hong Kong Institute of Business Studies, Lingnan University (The Toys Manufacturers Association of Hong Kong (Unimax Toys Limited Red Box Toy Factory Ltd [ ] 2001 8 2001 8 9.11 9.11 10 10 2001 11

1.1.. 1 1.2.. 2 1.3.. 7 1.4.. 9 2.1 10 2.2 10 2.3 10 2.4 11 3.1 13 3.2 14 3.3 17 3.4 21 3.5 23 3.6 26 3.7 31 3.8 34

4.1 37 4.2.... 38 4.3 41 5.1.... 43 5.2 44 5.3 49 5.4 51 56 [ ] 9.11. 58 9.11... 70 75

1.1 40 50 1952 60 60 70 80 80 60% 1

2 6000 4000 90 (OEM 1.2 ( 1.1 29 98%

3 1.1 1981 46,591 (99.7 781,281 (40.9 84,564 (98.8 424,815 (22.2 1990 49,360 (99.8 641,218 (28.1 197,604 (98.5 968,385 (42.4 1999 23,519 (99.9 209,286 ( 9.3 268,689 (98.7 1,248,241 (55.4 1991 2000 ( ( ( 80 80 ( 90% 500

1.2 10 2000 1030 1.2 ( 1983 1990 2000 41,448.5 47,821.5 111,268.4 (39.70 (11.49 (8.00 8,410.2 13,060.6 102,255.1 (8.06 (3.14 (7.35 8,917.2 32,483.1 103,142.0 (8.54 (7.81 (7.41 1984 12 1991 12 2000 12 ( 1000 (2000 2000 (GDP 8.14% 1.3 88.38% (90 95 109.82% (90 98 4

1.3 ( 1990 1995 1998 82,049 136,917 (66.87 149,474 (9.17 47,219 119,314 (152.68 134,723 (12.91 191,868 335,198 (74.70 363,991 (8.59 40,093 89,049 (122.11 109,738 (23.23 361,229 680,478 (88.38 757,926 (11.38 2000 ( 1.4 2000 1990 60% (WTO 5

(1986 1990 82% 1990 2000 104% 1.4 ( 1986 1990 2000 56,164 23,978 (-57.31 1,686 (-92.97 7,493 13,651 ( 82.18 30,474 (104.39 63,657 37,629 (-40.89 34,502 (-8.31 19861990 2000 / 1999 1160 (1 1.2 1.1 90 1997 6

(FDI 1.1 90 ( 1.3 (ODM (OEM 82% OEM ODM 27% OEM (2 70% OEM 7

(3 ( 1.5 1.5 90 ( ( 1995 1999 1995 1999 476 75 2 40,494 46,093 1 47 12 5 4,548 6,303 2 66 28 3 4,731 6,080 3 45 13 4 4,781 5,020 4 1,416 438 1 2,182 3,220 5 34 10 8 2,576 3,171 6-7 11 2,558 2,913 7 2,635 673-83,117 93,263 - ( 1999 855 (4 1999 1200 (5 2000 1 9 672 6% 48.6%(6 8

1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1. www.hkiol.org www.toyshk.org 2. Competitiveness and Prospects of Hong Kong s OEM, ODM and Brand Name Business 2000 7 3. 1996 4. www.tdc.org.hk (www.stat.tdc.org.hk/monthly/prodt74_c.htm 5. 6. 4 9

2.1 49 2.2 235 2.3 2.3.1 1 15 2 16 10

11 2.3.2 2001217 33 2.4 49 ( (Personal Data (PrivacyOrdinance

(Microsoft Excel (SPSSSAS 12

3.1 235 27 11.5% 91% 22 38 3.1 4 27 27 80 40% 15 1996 13

3.1 40 1 3.7 50 1 3.7 60 3 11.1 70 6 22.2 80 11 40.8 90 5 18.5 3.2 50% 3000 3.2 25 3 / ( 3.3 14

3.2 10 2 2 3 1 0 10 19 4 0 2 1 0 20 49 6 0 0 0 0 50 99 7 0 0 0 0 100 199 3 0 0 0 0 200 499 3 1 0 0 0 500 999 0 2 0 0 0 1,000 1,500 0 2 0 0 0 1,501 2,000 0 2 0 0 0 2,001 3,000 0 2 0 0 0 3,001 5,000 0 9 0 0 0 5,001 10,000 0 2 0 0 0 10,001 20,000 0 3 0 0 0 20,000 0 0 0 0 0 2 15

16 3.3 18 (81.8 8 (32.0 5 (20.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 /17 (77.3 2 (8.0 1 (4.0 1 (4.0 1 (4.0 4 (18.2 19 (76.0 1 (4.0 1 (4.0 1 (4.0 3 (13.6 21 (84.0 2 (8.0 2 (8.0 1 (4.0 3 (13.6 1 (4.0 5 (20.0 4 (16.0 4 (16.0 2 (9.1 1 (4.0 9 (36.0 7 (28.0 6 (24.0 1 (4.5 22 (88.0 1 (4.0 1 (4.0 1 (4.0 /0 (0.0 18 (72.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 2 (8.0 3 (12.0 2 (8.0 1 (4.0 2 3.3 3.4

3.4 (% 24 96.0 18 72.0 ( 4 16.0 ( 1 4.0 2 8.0 1 4.0 8 32.0 1 4.0 2 3.3 3.5 ( 17

18 3.5 0 (0.0 15 (55.6 3 (11.1 18 (66.7 ( 2 (7.4 10 (37.0 1 (3.7 13 (48.1 4 (14.8 8 (29.6 1 (3.7 13 (48.1 3 (11.1 7 (25.9 1 (3.7 11 (40.7 0 (0.0 8 (29.6 2 (7.4 10 (37.0 2 (7.4 7 (25.9 1 (3.7 10 (37.0 2 (7.4 5 (18.5 0 (0.0 7 (25.9 0 (0.0 5 (18.5 2 (7.4 7 (25.9 / / 1 (3.7 3 (11.1 3 (11.1 7 (25.9 0 (0.0 4 (14.8 2 (7.4 6 (22.2 1 (3.7 1 (3.7 2 (7.4 4 (14.8 0 (0.0 1 (3.7 2 (7.4 3 (11.1 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 2 (7.4 2 (7.4 ( 1 (3.7 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 1 (3.7 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 1 (3.7 1 (3.7 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0

3.5 ( ( ( 3.6 3.6 5 (35.7 23 (88.5 N.A. 16 (61.5 0 ( 0.0 8 (30.8 3 (21.4 5 (19.2 0 ( 0.0 5 (19.2 1 ( 7.1 2 ( 7.7 0 ( 0.0 2 ( 7.7 0 ( 0.0 2 ( 7.7 1 ( 7.1 1 ( 3.8 ( 1 ( 7.1 1 ( 3.8 / / 0 ( 0.0 1 ( 3.8 0 ( 0.0 0 ( 0.0 0 ( 0.0 0 ( 0.0 0 ( 0.0 0 ( 0.0 ( 0 ( 0.0 0 ( 0.0 1 ( 7.1 N.A. 1 ( 7.1 N.A. 1 ( 7.1 N.A. 13 19

3.7 (OEM 85% 22 (OBM 3.7 OEM 11 44.0 OBM 3 12.0 ODM 0 0.0 OEM + ODM 7 28.0 OEM + ODM + OBM 3 12.0 OEM + OBM 1 4.0 3.8 3.10 1 3 10 4 3.8 1 3 11.5 1 3 20 76.9 3 5 1 3.8 5 2 7.7 1 20

3.9 0 0.0 9 36.0 1 4.0 3 12.0 8 32.0 4 16.0 2 1 3.10 3 20 80.0 4 10 21 84.0 11 15 8 32.0 5 20.0 6 24.0 2 1 3.4 3.11 (1 5 21

3.11 2.00 (0.58 3.04 (0.69 2.20* (0.63 2.61 (0.72 2.23* (0.44 2.63 (0.92 2.29 (0.56 3.14 (0.83 2.43 (0.60 3.42* (0.79 2.48 (0.79 3.24 (0.75 2.59 (0.67 3.07* (0.73 2.62 (0.67 3.33 (0.59 2.22 (0.60 2.84 (0.69 * 15 3.12 3.13 3.12 22

3.13 3.5 ( 3.5 3.6 12.5% ( 3.14 3.2 3.14 (% 16 66.7 8 33.3 4 16.7 2 8.3 2 8.3 1 4.2 0 0.0 3 12.5 3 23

3.2 8 3.15 3.15 (% 3 12.5 9 37.5 5 20.8 0 0.0 7 29.2 3 ( 40% ( 3.16 3.17 24

3.16 (% 14 53.8 9 34.6 6 23.1 4 15.4 3 11.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 7.7 1 3.17 (% 9 39.1 7 30.4 2 8.6 1 4.3 1 4.3 1 4.3 1 4.3 4 25

3.6 3.18 OEM 3.7( 3.18 (% 20 83.3 (OEM (OBM 8 33.3 8 (ODM 33.3 2 8.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 3.19 (OBM (ODM 26

3.19 (% (OBM 5 45.5 4 (ODM 36.4 3 (OEM 27.3 3 27.3 1 9.1 0 0.0 16 3.20 3.20 (% 2 33.3 2 33.3 1 16.7 1 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 21 3.21 27

3.21 9 6 9 48 1 (37.5 (25.0 (39.1 3 12 5 38 2 (12.5 (50.0 (21.7 8 2 2 30 3 (33.3 (8.3 (8.7 2 1 5 13 4 (8.3 (4.2 (21.7 2 1 2 10 5 (8.3 (4.2 (8.7 0 1 0 2 6 (0.0 (4.2 (0.0 0 1 0 2 6 (0.0 (4.2 (0.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0-3 3 2 1 3.22 3.4 96% Wal-Mart 17.4 % 2446 16.8 % 702 2000 28

2600 2900 3.22 11 3 4 43 1 (45.8 (12.5 (17.4 5 3 2 23 2 (20.8 (12.5 (8.7 2 5 4 20 3 (8.3 (20.8 (17.4 3 4 2 19 4 (12.5 (16.7 (8.7 2 2 4 14 5 (8.3 (8.3 (17.4 1 3 2 11 6 (4.2 (12.5 (8.7 0 2 2 6 7 (0.0 (8.3 (8.7 0 1 0 2 8 (0.0 (4.2 (0.0 0 0 2 2 8 (0.0 (0.0 (8.7 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0-3 3 2 1 29

3.23 3.23 (% 14 56.0 8 32.0 6 24.0 2 8.0 1 4.0 1 4.0 0 0.0 2 8.0 2 3.24 3.24 (% 9 50.0 7 38.9 1 5.6 1 5.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 9 30

3.7 60% OEM ( 3.25 3.25 (% 18 69.2 15 57.7 (OBM 9 34.6 (ODM 9 34.6 (OEM 5 19.2 5 19.2 3 11.5 3 11.5 2 7.7 1 3.26 3.28 31

3.26 (R&D 1.33 1 0.55 1.72 2 0.74 1.81 3 0.62 1.83 (ODM 4 0.70 (OBM 1.96 5 1.04 2.18 6 0.80 2.30 7 0.70 2.46 8 0.59 2.50 9 0.88 1 5 1 5 32

3.27 9 5 2 39 1 (33.3 (18.5 (7.4 5 3 3 24 2 (18.5 (11.1 (11.1 3 5 2 21 3 (11.1 (18.5 (7.4 4 2 3 19 4 (14.8 (7.4 (11.1 1 4 3 14 5 (3.7 (14.8 (11.1 2 1 2 10 6 (7.4 (3.7 (7.4 2 1 2 10 6 (7.4 (3.7 (7.4 0 3 1 7 7 (0.0 (11.1 (3.7 0 1 4 6 8 (0.0 (3.7 (14.8 1 0 0 3 9 (3.7 (0.0 (0.0 0 1 1 3 9 (0.0 (3.7 (3.7 0 0 3 3 9 (0.0 (0.0 (11.1 0 1 0 2 10 (0.0 (3.7 (0.0 0 0 1 1 11 (0.0 (0.0 (3.7 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0-3 2 1 33

3.28 12 8 5 57 1 (46.2 (30.8 (20.0 5 6 3 30 2 (19.2 (23.1 (12.0 3 8 4 29 3 (11.5 (30.8 (16.0 3 1 4 15 4 (11.5 (3.8 (16.0 1 2 2 9 5 (3.8 (7.7 (8.0 2 0 0 6 6 (7.7 (0.0 (0.0 0 1 4 6 6 (0.0 (3.8 (16.0 0 0 1 1 7 (0.0 (0.0 (4.0 0 0 1 1 7 (0.0 (0.0 (4.0 0 0 1 1 7 (0.0 (0.0 (4.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0-1 3 2 1 3.8 3.29 34

3.29 ( (% 16 64.0 9 36.0 6 24.0 3 12.0 2 8.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 ( 3.30 3.30 (% 13 54.2 12 50.0 11 45.8 10 41.7 8 33.3 5 20.8 4 16.7 3 12.5 3 35

3.31 3.31 13 5 3 52 1 (50.0 (19.2 (12.0 4 4 3 23 2 (15.4 (15.4 (12.0 3 4 6 23 2 (11.5 (15.4 (24.0 4 2 3 19 3 (15.4 (7.4 (12.0 2 4 1 15 4 (7.4 (15.4 (4.0 0 4 6 14 5 (0.0 (15.4 (24.0 0 3 2 8 6 (0.0 (11.5 (8.0 0 0 1 1 7 (0.0 (0.0 (4.0 0 0 0 0 - (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0 (0.0 0-1 3 2 1 36

4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 (% 0 0.0 2 8.0 5 20.0 12 48.0 6 24.0 2 37

4.2 (% 13 50.0 12 46.2 9 34.6 9 34.6 8 30.8 8 30.8 6 23.1 4 15.4 1 3.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3 38

4.3 2.17 1 0.38 2.58 2 0.65 2.63 3 0.49 2.71 4 0.55 2.77 5 0.61 2.95 6 0.62 2.95 6 0.71 3.00 7 0.55 3.55 8 0.67 1 5 1 5 4.4 39

4.4 1.96 1 0.89 2.00 2 1.08 2.00 2 1.12 2.00 2 0.59 2.09 3 0.67 2.09 3 0.90 2.12 4 0.67 2.12 4 0.78 2.17 5 0.70 2.20 6 0.71 2.21 7 1.02 2.28 8 0.74 2.28 8 0.79 2.48 9 0.77 2.50 10 0.83 1 5 1 5 4.5 3000 4.5 ( ( ( 2.28 40

(CEN CE CE ( 2.92 ( 3.92 4.5 2.28 1 1.39 (CEN 2.92 2 1.15 3.92 3 0.84 1 5 1 5 4.3 WTO 4.6 41

4.6 1.96 1 0.69 2.27 2 0.98 2.55 3 0.86 2.55 3 0.80 2.68 4 0.95 2.68 4 0.89 2.70 5 0.88 2.73 6 0.94 3.00 7 0.87 3.26 8 0.86 3.39 9 0.78 1.80 1 0.70 2.00 2 0.45 2.00 2 0.55 2.00 2 0.69 2.10 3 1.00 2.10 3 0.64 2.55 4 1.00 1 5 1 5 42

5.1 1. 2. OEM (OBM 3. 4. OBM 43

44 5.2 1. ( 3.20 3.28.. 3.22.

45 i. 20 OEM 20 20 Mattel & Hasbro

46 ii. 90 ( (R&D 2. OEM

47 3.

1998 5,000 1999 3.5 2003 15 TOYXNET (B2B ( (24 ( (B2B / (B2C / (C2C / B2B 48

49 B2C C2C 4. ( (Licensed Toy ( 5.3

( 5 2 4 2 13 ( 80 / 1. ( 50

51 2. 5.4 2001 4.2

52 1.....

53... 2. OEM

54 3.. 70-85% 3 11-12 17% 11-12 1-2..

4. 40 44 55

1. 2001 6 2. 2001 (www.hkiol.org/emag/tb_1.htm 2001 3. (www.hkiol.org/emag/tb_2.htm 2001 4. 1997 5. 1997 6. 1987 7. 1987 11 8. Competitiveness and prospects of Hong Kong s OEM, ODM and brand name business, Hong Kong: Research Department, Hong Kong Trade Development Council, 2000. 9. Toy Industry Fact Book, 1999 2000 Edition, USA: Toy Manufacturers of America, Inc., 2000. 10. Chan, Arthur, The Challenges of the Hong Kong Toy Industry ( Unpublished MBA manuscript, University of Ottawa, Canada. 11. / 56

1. www.hkiol.org 2. www.toyshk.org 3. www.tdc.org.hk 57

9.11 8 9.11 9.11 9.11 10 250 44 17.6 % 79 % ( 1 20 4 35 44 42 1 1 44 40 93 %15 5000 35 % 99 30 79 % 8 100 499 21 % 8 80 90 % 58

1 (% 33 78.6 6 14.3 3 7.1 2 44 39 9.11 37 95 % 84%2 5 5% 11% ( 2 2 9.11 (% 5 11.4 2 4.5 37 84.1 44 100.0 37 ( 3 59

3 (% 1 2.7 10 27.0 21 56.8 5 13.5 0 0.0 37 100.0 37 ( 4 4 (% 23 62.2 22 59.5 20 54.1 / 12 32.4 10 27.0 7 18.9 60

5 5 (% 20 54.1 16 43.2 13 35.1 11 29.7 5 13.5 2 5.4 1 2.7 1 2.7 0 0.0 61

7 9.11 ( 2 ( 6 9.11 7 3000 6 4 9.11 6 (% 5 71.4 4 57.1 2 28.6 1 14.3 1 14.3 0 0.0 62

2003 2002 ( 7 7 1 0 1 (2.9 (0.0 (2.4 15 1 16 (42.9 (14.3 (38.1 / 5 3 8 (14.3 (42.9 (19.0 1 1 2 (2.9 (14.3 (4.8 0 0 0 (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 13 2 15 (37.1 (28.6 (35.7 0 0 0 (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 2002 2 1 3 (5.6 (20.0 (7.3 2002 13 2 15 (36.1 (40.0 (36.6 2003 13 0 13 (36.1 (0.0 (31.7 2004 0 0 0 (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 8 2 10 (22.2 (40.0 (24.4 63

( 8 44 8 25 (69.4 6 (85.7 31 (73.8 20 (55.6 3 (42.9 23 (54.8 18 (50.0 2 (28.6 20 (47.6 9 (25.0 2 (28.6 11 (26.2 9 (25.0 2 (28.6 11 (26.2 8 (22.2 2 (28.6 10 (23.8 4 (11.1 0 ( 0.0 4 ( 9.5 2 ( 5.6 0 ( 0.0 2 ( 4.8 1 64

( 9 9 (% 1 2.4 0 0.0 4 9.5 19 45.2 10 23.8 8 19.0 42 100.0 2 65

( 10 (37.2 % 9.11 98 % 10 (% 29 67.4 22 51.2 16 37.2 10 23.3 10 23.3 8 18.6 8 18.6 6 14.0 5 11.6 2 4.7 2 66

9.11 44 84 % 29.7 % 40.5 % 44 ( ( 54 % 43 % 35 % 52 % 44 25 % 67

9.11 9.11 (OEM, ODM OBM 9.11 (co-operative programme (dispossable income 68

9.11 69

ID No: 9.11 (Hong Kong Institute of Business Studies, Lingnan University (The Toys Manufacturers Association of Hong Kong 9.11 9.11 8 ( (Personal Data (PrivacyOrdinance 2001 10 2616-8371 2572-4171 hkibs@ln.edu.hk A. 1. ( ( ( ( 70

2. 3. ( (ODM (OEM (OBM 4. ( 99 100 499 500 1499 1500 2999 3000 4999 5000 5. ( 1,2,3 ( ( ( 6. ( ( 71

B. 9.11 7. 9.11 ( 8 ( 12 8. ( 12 ( 9-11 9. 10. ( / ( 11. ( ( 12. 9.11 ( ( 72

13. / 14. 2002 2002 2003 2004 15. 2002 2003 ( ( ( 16. 17. ( ( 73

C. 18. 19. 20. ( 21. ( ~ ~ 74

ID No: (Hong Kong Institute of Business Studies, Lingnan University (The Toys Manufacturers Association of Hong Kong ( (Personal Data (PrivacyOrdinance 2001 2 16 ( 2001 1 2616-8371 2572-4171 hkibs@ln.edu.hk A. A.1. 1. ( ( ( ( 2. 3. 75

4. ( (R&D / / / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ( < 10 10 19 20 49 50 99 100 199 200 499 500 999 1000 1500 1501 2000 2001 3000 3001 5000 5001 10000 10001 20000 20001 76

6. ( ( / A.2. 7. <1 1 3 3 5 >5 8. ( ( 1. 2. 3. ( 4. 5. 6. ( 7. / / 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. ( : 77

9. ( (ODM (OEM (OBM ( 10. ( ( ( ( ( ( 11. ( % % ( 12. ( ( 13. ( - 3 4-10 11-15 ( 78

B. 14. ( 1 = 2 = 3 = ( 15. ( 1 = 2 = 3 = ( 16. ( (R&D (OBM (ODM / (Horizontal Integration (Vertical Integration 79

C. C.1. 17. 18. 19. (CEN C.2. 20. ( ( ( 22 21. ( 80

22. 23. ( ( ( 25 24. ( C.3. 25. ( 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 81

26. ( :( 27. ( :( C.4. ( 30 82

83 28. ( ( ( 29. (

D. D.1. 30. ( 1 = 2 = 3 = ( ( 31. ( ( 1 = 2 = 3 = ( ( D.2. 32. ( (OBM (ODM (OEM ( 33. ( 36 84

34. ( (OBM (ODM (OEM ( 35. ( 36. D.3. 37. ( ( ( ( 39 38. ( 85

E. E.1. 39. 40. ( ( 41. 42. ( (OBM (OEM (ODM ( 86

43. ( ( ( / / ( E.2. 44. ( 45. ( 1 = 2 = 3 = ( 46. ( ( 87

47. (WTO ( ( F. 48. 49. ~ ~ 88