... 6... 6... 7... 8... 9... 11... 12... 14... 14... 14... 21... 21... 23... 24... 26... 31... 32... 36... 36... 36... 37... 37... 38... 39... 42
... 44... 44... 45... 45... 45... 45... 45... 46... 46... 46... 47... 57
1
2
(Health Risk Assessment; HRA) 3
4
5
6
7
8
酶 9
10
11
12
13
50 50 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
P rd ( D; r) = 1 e P r D P k) = P1( j / d) P ( k / j) ( 2 j = 1 P 1 P d j 2 P j k k k min k k min P k k I( 2 min min d) = P1( j / d) P ( k / j) k= k min j= k k min 30
PI(d) 31
rd p = 1 e 32
33
34
35
36
37
risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods,2004 38
覰 39
m 3 hr 40
41
a b a b 42
43
Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual, 15th Edition,2005 44
45
Quantitative Assessment of Relative Risk to Public Health from Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Among Selected Categories of Ready-to-Eat Foods 46
47
48
49
N r e P * 1 = 5 8 14.34*10 12.39*10 50
51
52
53
3 1.28*10 10 7 7.902*10 1.048*10 12 10 1.288*10 5.967 *10 8 1.934 *10 14 5.34 *10 54
12 1.068*10 12 2.67 *10 11 2.67 *10 10 2.67 *10 8 2.67 *10 55
56
57
58
59
60
61
R 0 = λ * D M λ = a H µτ e a bc µ 62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
R 0 = λ * D M λ = a H µτ e a bc µ R 0 = λ * D M λ = a H µτ e a bc µ 70
2001 911 爲 71
72
73
74
1. available from <http://www.cdc.gov/> 2. Charles N. Hass, Joan B. Rose, and Charles P. Gerba. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. Barbara Johnson. OSHA Infectious Dose White Paper. Applied Biosafety, 8(4) pp. 160-165, 2003 3. Principles And Guidelines For Incorporating Microbiological Risk Assessment In The Development Of Food Safety Standards, Guidelines And Related Texts. The joint FAO/WHO, 2002. 4. Guidelines For Exposure Assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992. 5. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series, No. 5, Technical Report, WHO, 2004. 6. Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Foods. The joint FAO/WHO, 2001. 7. Hazard Characterization for Pathogens in Food and Water Guidelines, MRA Series. WHO publications, 2003. CDC-NIH. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (Section V) (p. 77). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999. 8. Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. Technical Report, WHO / FAO, 2004 9.Quantitative Assessment of Relative Risk to Public Health from Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Among Selected Categories of Ready-to-Eat Foods. FDA, 2003. 10. DANA A. FOCKS, RICHARD J. BRENNER, JACK HAYES, ERIC DANIELS. Transmission Thresholds for Dengue in Terms of Aedes Aegypti Pupae Per Person With Discussion of Their Utility in Source Reduction Efforts. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2000. 11. Paula Mendes Luz, Cláudia Torres Codeço, Eduardo Massad, Claudio José Struchiner. Uncertainties Regarding Dengue Modeling in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 98(7): 871-878, October 2003. 12. DOUGLAS M. WATTS, DONALD S. BURKE, BRUCE A. HARRISON, RICHARD 75
Efficiency of Aedes Aegypti for dengue 2 virus. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.m 36(1), pp. 143-152, 1987. 76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
酶 87
88
89
90