LD50 LD50 LD50 1. 2. 3. Kärbar LD50 Bliss Bliss 1. 2. 3. Pn 0 Pm 100 Pn < 20% Pm > 80% Pn > 20% Pm < 80% 1ml Dm (Dn) 2 3 Pm = 100 % Pn = 0% 1
5-8 5 d d d 0.155 0.08 0.1 X k, X1 G X k-x 1 d = G-1 d( X k d 0.5ml/20g LD50 8 10 6 9 10 6 6 7 10 7 2 4 6 7 5 3 1 2 1 1 7 8 0 2
4-4 4-4 LD50 P(P-1) % (mg/kg) Xi n r P (r/n) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.2 304 357 420 493 579 681 800 2.483 2.553 2.623 2.693 2.763 2.833 2.903 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 LogLD50=XK d( P 0.5) XK 100% d P Pm>0.8 Pn<0.2 Pm Pn LogLD50=XK d P 4 LD50=Log -1 LogLD50 mg/kg g/kg LD50 4.5S Log LD50 LD50 p(1 p) LogLD50= d n 1 LogLD50 3
P n [ LD50 ] LD50 4-16 a b c d 4-16 4-16a 4-16 4-16 4-16 4-16b LogLD50 4
LogLD50 4-16c LogLD50 50 LD50 0 100 LogLD50 LD50 P 100% D LogLD50=X k 2 1 d (p i-p i+1) E C 50% H G 0% A X 1 F X k B X LgLD 50 LD50 50 LogLD50, 0 0 100 X k P=100% AFED=AF AD=LogLD50 1=LogLD50. LogLD50 LogLD50 k k k k d (Pi+Pi+1) AX kcd = AX k AD=X k 1=X k 5
LogLD50 = Xk d (Pi+Pi+1). LgLD50 LogLD50=X k- 2 1 d (Pi+Pi+1) 1 =X k- d [(P1+P2)=(P2+P3)+ (Pk-2+Pk-1)+(Pk-1+Pk)] 2 1 =X k- d (P1+P2+P3+ Pk-1+Pk-1+Pk) 2 = X k- 2 1 d [2 p (P1+PK)] =X k- 2 1 d ( p-0.5) 1. 70 2. 95% 3. 6
1. T 2. 3. 1. 2. 4-16 2 2 15 3 3 9 30 5 4-16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 30 2 6 7
3. 3 4. 3 3 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 6 4-5 4-5 10. T 11. 1. 2. 3. 4. 8
1. T 2. 3. 9
1. 2. 3. 4. 2 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4-6 4-6 1 2 3 1. 10
Ach 2. Na-KATP 3. 9 11 mg% 1.68 2.64 mg% 5.6 12.1 mg% 2.0 5.4 mg% 72 ml/kg 4. 1.5 kg /50 kg =0.08 1. MgSO4 CaCl2 2. 3. 11
1. 2. 3. 1. 10-4 mol/l Adrenaline Hgdrochloride 2. 10-4 mol/l Isoprenaline Hydrochloride 3. 10-4 mol/l Noraduenaline Bitartrate 4. 10-4 mol/l Prazosin Hydrochloride 5. 10-4 mol/l Propranolol Hydrochloride 6. 10-3 mol/l Acetylcholine Hydrochloride 7. 10-3 mol/l Atropine Sulfate 8. 10-3 mol/l Verapamil 9. 2 % Barium Chloride Magnus 1 2 Krebs 2mv, lg 5cm 3 20 30 12
1 2cm Krebs 4 0.5g 2.5cm 30mm/ 1 2 5. 0.1ml 6. 5. 1. 2. 3. 13
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 10-9 mol/l 10-1 mol/l Acetylcholine chloride 2. 10-3 mol/l Physostigmine salicylic Magnus XWTD204 1. 25 2. Ringer 3. 10ml 1 2 1. 2. 5mv, g 25mm 8mm/min 3. Ringer Ringer 4., 2g 25mm 30 14
5. 4-8 10 40, 10-3mol/L Physostigmine 0.1ml, 15 4-9 4-8 10ml Ach (mol/l) (ml) (mol/l) (mm) (%) 10-7 0.1 10-9 10-6 0.09 10-8 10-5 0.09 10-7 10-4 0.09 10-6 10-3 0.09 10-5 10-2 0.09 10-4 10-1 0.09 10-3 6. 100 100 1. 2. 3. 15
4-9 10ml Ach (mol/l) (ml) (mol/l) (mm) (%) 10-9 0.1 10-11 10-8 0.09 10-10 10-7 0.09 10-9 10-6 0.09 10-8 10-5 0.09 10-7 10-4 0.09 10-6 10-3 0.09 10-5 16
1. 2. 1. 50mg% Dimefline ih 2. 0.4% Sodium Phenobarbital ip 3. 0.9% Sodium Chloride(Normal Saline) ip 1. 48 2. 3. 12 2 4. 0.4% Sodium Phenobarbital, 0.5ml/20g 5. 30 50mg% Dimefline 6. Dimfline 30 7. x = 2 1 2 1 =1 1. x 4-11 2 17
4-12 a b c d ad bc 2 n x = (a b)(a c)( c d)( b d) 2. x 1. 2. 3. 18
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2.5 3.0kg 5ml 10ml 20ml 0.2ml 1ml 2ml 5ml 0.1% atropine sulfate 5 (dipterex) 1 (heparin) 2.5 (pyraloxime methoiodide PAM) 2 2. 1% 0.5ml/kg 3 (0.5 1.0ml) 19
4 5 dipterex 1.5ml/kg atropine lml/kg PAM 4ml/kg, Hestrin 1. NH2 HCl+NaOH NH2OH+NaCl+H2O 2. (CH3)3 N(CH2)2OCOCH3 + NHOH CH3CONHOH + (CH2)3 N (CH2)2OH 3. PH l 1.5 FeCl3+CH3CONHOH CH3CONHO+HCl 7 10-3 mol/l (acetylcholine chloride, Ach) Ach, 2.54%,, 20 7 10-3 mol/l 1mol/L (NH2OH HCl): 25g 359ml 1mol/L 3.5N NaOH. 4 N HCl. 3.7 10-1 mol/l FeCl3 6H2O: 10g FeCl3 6H2O, 20ml HCl 0.34ml, 100ml 3.7 10-2 mol/l FeCl3 0.1NHCl ph7.2 Na2HPO4 12H2O 16.72g KH2PO4 2.72g, 100ml 1. 0.85ml 0.15ml, 37 1 3 5 2. 7 10-3 mol/l Ach 1.0ml 37 40 ( 20
, 20 ), 10. 3. 40 l mol / L NH2OH HCl 3.5N NaOH 20 4.0ml 4. 4NHCl 3.7 10-2 mol/l FeCl3 2ml, 5. 1.0ml 530nm 6. 1 Ach 2 Ach 3 Ach Ach 5-1 (ml) (ml) 37 37 (ml) (ml) (ml) (ml) (ml) 1 1.0 - - 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2 0.85 0.15-1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3 1.0-3 5 1.0-40 4.0 2.0 2.0 0.85 0.15 1.0-4.0 2.0 2.0 0.85 0.15 1.0-4.0 2.0 2.0 0.85 0.15 1.0-4.0 2.0 2.0 0.85 0.15 1.0-4.0 2.0 2.0 0.15ml 40 Ach mol mol Ach / 0.15ml / 40 A3+(A2 A1) A 7 A3 A1 A1 A2 A3 A 1 2 3 A3 A1 Ach,A2-A1,A3+(A2 A1) Ach A3+(A2 A1) A Ach 21
100 - N2 N2 N2 0.1% atropine sulfate 1 (dipterex) 2.5 (pyraloxime methoiodide PAM) 1. 0.5 1.0cm 22
1 2. 3. 0.5 ms 4. B B 4 8 1% 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 7 3. 4. 5. 23
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 20 5% 0.5% 0.5% 20 2N 30 mg% 1% 1 20% 0.9 1 0.2% 0.2 ml 1.0ml 2.0ml 5.0ml 722 10ml 2.5 3.0kg + -NH2 -NH3 1 NaNO2+HCl HNO2+NaCl 24
2 NH 2 NH 2 + Cl + HCl SO 2 NHR N H 3 Cl SO 2 NHR N N + Cl + H N O 2 S O 2 N H R S O 2 N H R N N + Cl H N N + H 3 C NaOH H 3 C + H O 2 + Na Cl C H(CH 3 ) 2 C H(CH 3 ) 2 S O 2 N H R OH S O 2 N H R OH 18 20h 2 1%HgCl2 1.2ml/kg 1 1. 5ml/kg 5 15ml/kg (5 min ) 2. l.5 cm 4 cm l h 25
1. 5 1% 1ml/kg 2. 0.5ml 3ml 3. 20 ml/kg 4. 1 3 5 15 30 60 90 120 0.5ml ( 5-2) 1ml 100 3ml 3000r/min 20 5-2 ml S S0 R R0 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4. 37 20min 1 520 nm 5. R 0.01 2 S 0.01 0.23= mg R 0.01 2 S 0.01 0.23 100= mg (ml/min)= ml min 26
mg% 88 402= mol/l 6. (1) (2) (3) ( 5-3) 5-3 ml B B0 5.00 5.00 0.25 0.25 B0 B 0.01 2 R B S B 0 23= mg (4) 0.23 (5) 1. 0.2ml 1.8ml 1.6ml 4.0ml 1000r/min 3 2. 2.0ml 2N 0.5ml. 0.5 0.5ml. 0.5 1.0ml 3. 30mg 0.2ml 4. 722 0.5cm 480nm 27
5-4 5% 2N 0.5 0.5% A C LogC H2O (mg%) 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 3 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 5 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 15 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 30 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 60 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 90 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 120 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.6 0.2 4.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.2ml 6. mg% a b B=10a =-2.303b t1/2 =0.693/, tl/2 Ct=B e - t Ct=B e - t 28
loga A tl/2 C t = Ae - C=Ae - B e - Xo Vc= A+B Ba+A K21= A+B K10= K21 K21= + -K21-K10 A B AUC= + Xo Cl = AUC Vp = Vc K12 K21 Vt = Vc + Vp 1. (1)0.lmol L (ph lo.6) 10 5 g(ar) 0.9 g (AR) 1000ml (2)0.4 mol L l mol L 200 ml 500ml (3)0.1 mol/l 0.4mol/L 4 (4) 700ml 0.4mol/L 300ml (5) 700ml 0.1mol/L 300ml (6) (12g L) 20g 1 000 m1 5 m1 1% 1 mol/l 1mol/L 0.2292g 12g L 12g L 7 8 29
(7) 12g L (8) 12g L (9) (1g L) 100 mg 0.l mol L 100 m1 (10) (0.02mg ml) 2ml 0.1mol L 200m1 2 ph 12 ph 10 ph12 ph 10 PH12 O.23 1. SD-Na 2. 3. 4. 5. 30