01 1-1 1-2 1-3 Chapter
1-1 (statistics) (uncertainty) 1. (1) (descriptive statistics) (2) (inferential statistics) (statistical inference) (inductive statistics) (parametric statistics) (nonparametric statistics) (normal distribution) (3) (experimental design) 2
2. (mathematical statistics) (applied statistics) (1) 01 (2) 1. 2. (A. Quetelet) 3. 1908 (W. S. Gosset) T (R. A. Fisher) 3
(world problematique) e 4
1. 01 (1) population (precision) (census) (sampling) (sample) (2) (data) (information) (estimation) (tests of hypotheses) (3) 5
2. (1) (2) (3) 6
(ANOVA) 01 (4) (law) (ANOVA) ANOVA ANOVA 7
1-2 (variable) 1. (independent variable) (dependent variable) 2. (continuous variable) 11.3 11.35 (discrete variable) (counting) 25 30 8
01 1. (nominal variable) (nominal scale) 0,1,2,3 0 1 2. (ordinal variable) (ordinal scale) (rank-order) 3. (interval variable) (interval scale) 20 10 4. (ratio variable) (ratio scale) 9
100 50 1-3 (frequency distribution) 1. 50 1-1 1-1 A B O AB 10 13 22 5 2. 100 1-2 1-2 x 0 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 f 5 13 35 20 18 9 100 10
5 1-3 1-3 01 0 2 5 3 5 13 6 8 35 9 11 20 12 14 18 15 9 1-1 1-1 1. (range) R R = X max X min 1-1 11
2. (k) k 4 20 5 15 H. A. Sturges k = 1 + 3.322 log N k N G (H. A. Sturges) 1926 The Choice of a Class Interval (N) (k) 1-4 r N (2 r 1 +1) 2 r 1-4 N k 2 r 1 1 2 r r 1 N 40 r 6 k 7 7 3. (class interval) h h R k 4. (class boudaries) (class limit) 1 0.5 20 24 19.5 24.5 X (1) X (n) h k R 12
1 X (1) ( h k R) 2 1 X ( n ) ( h k R) 2 01 1-2 5. (class midpoint) 2 mi 20 24 19.5 24.5 22 6. (class frequency) f 5 7. (cumulative frequency distribution) (1) (cumulated downward) (2) (cumulated upward) 13
1 1-5 100 1-5 20 15 23 22 17 10 24 15 20 16 22 24 15 17 26 21 16 23 18 20 17 24 25 20 27 21 26 28 24 8 23 34 20 22 23 16 27 21 24 16 19 27 15 17 21 29 23 25 18 29 21 10 27 20 25 21 18 22 15 28 24 30 23 22 16 32 11 29 20 22 33 17 24 16 22 17 36 29 25 19 16 38 21 28 24 41 17 26 25 16 21 24 22 12 27 21 24 14 28 21 (1) X ( n ) 41 X (1) 8 R 41 8 33 (2) (k) k 1 3.322 log 100 k 8 R 33 (3) h 4.125 h 5 k 8 1 (4) X(1) ( h k R) 2 1 8 (5 8 33) 4.5 2 1 X( n) ( h k R) 2 1 41 (5 8 33) 44.5 2 (5) 7,12,17,,42 (6) 1-6 14
1-6 01 4.5 9.5 7 1 1 100 0.01 9.5 14.5 12 5 6 99 0.06 14.5 19.5 17 25 31 94 0.31 19.5 24.5 22 41 72 69 0.72 24.5 29.5 27 21 93 28 0.93 29.5 34.5 32 4 97 7 0.97 34.5 39.5 37 2 99 3 0.99 39.5 44.5 42 1 100 1 1.00 (histogram) (polygon) 1. 1-3 2. (polygon) 1-4 0 15
1-3 1-4 16
3. (ogive) 1 1-5 01 1-5 Excel FREQUENCY =FREQUENCY * * Excel f x FREQUENCY 2 17
2 1-7 50 10 1-7 60 70 72 62 78 72 85 72 73 91 71 61 85 82 82 82 81 74 79 90 66 88 82 86 83 89 94 86 76 75 81 79 93 76 80 68 81 64 87 80 95 75 84 90 92 88 97 86 68 67 1 A1 E10 1-7 50 F2 F6 60,70,80,90,100 51 60,61 70,, 91 100 60,70,80,90,100 F 1 2 60 3 70 4 80 5 90 6 100 2 G2 G6 3 Excel FREQUENCY 18
4 data-arrty A1:E10 A1 E10 bins-arrty F2:F6 F2 F6 5 Ctrl Shift Enter G2:G6 1,8,15,20, 6 1-6 51 60 1 61 70 8 71 80 15 81 90 20 91 100 6 01 1-6 Excel 2 1 1-7 19
1-7 1-8 2 1-8 1-8 20