2 3 4 5 6 2 2004 96 3 4 2004 4 2011 2 5 2000 5 6 2006 2 176

2016 2 2004 66 3 2 2014 64 1 1 175

2 3 4 5 6 2 2004 96 3 4 2004 4 2011 2 5 2000 5 6 2006 2 176

2016 2 7 2004 5 18 147 66 Chevron U.S.A., Inc. V. Natural Resource defense Council Chevron Two Steps 8 9 7 65 89 8 Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resource defense Council, 67 U.S. 837, 843(1984). 9 See Food and Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120 (2000). FDA drug delivery devices FDA FDA FDA See William F. Funk, Richard H. Seamon, Examples & Explanations: Administrative Law, 4th edition, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2012, p. 281. 177

10 11 60 56 12 2008 2 13 10 92 10 11 2006 44 12 2011 5 13 119 178

2016 2 stationary sources of air pollution 14 27 15 26 12 26 14 See Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resource defense Council, 67 U.S. 837 (1984). 15 2008 1 2003 235 4 179

24 39 16 32 3 80 17 nondelegation doctrine 18 intelligible principle 19 20 432 15.8% 2004 5 18 147 5.4% 147 95 21 29 66 16 2009 677 17 Uwe Kischel, Delegation of Legislative Power to Agencies: A Comparative Analysis of United States and German Law, 46 Administrative Law Review 213 (1994). 18 1989 See Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989). 19 See J. W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States, 276 U.S. 394 (1928). 20 2708 2.8% 21 51 180

2016 2 69.5% 1. 66 36 54.5% 3 GB7718-2004 22 JG135-2000 TSGT5001-2009 23 22 2014 6 45-48 23 2011 937 2006 110 2012 50 181

2002 123 24 25 26 27 36 13 1/3 28 29 30 31 2003 1996 32 33 34 24 2008 6 25 2010 55 26 2010 204 27 2004 246 28 2004 2 29 2002 110 30 31 2006 90 32 1996 266 33 1997 74 34 2004 7 2008 348 182

2016 2 35 67 36 2004 240 2002 323 37 2010 8 2010 8 38 2007 76 2008 58 ( ) 2. 7 35 2010 0072 36 2010 121 37 2011 28 38 2009 107 183

10.6% 4 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 39 2005 19 40 2005 6 41 42 2009 0008 43 1992 12 44 2009 39 45 2006 668 184

2016 2 46 3% 47 66 11 16.7% 48 49 50 51 52 53 46 2002 6 47 2005 77 48 2006 2 49 2005 4 50 2007 92 51 2001 6 52 2011 0066 53 2006 490 185

54 1995 27 56 57 58 59 40% 40% 60 54 2010 107 55 2005 13 2008 4 56 2004 39 57 2004 7 58 2014 116 59 2003 55 60 2008 6 186

2016 2 10 15.2% 61 62 1997 63 64 65 61 2008 27 62 2014 148 63 2009 92 2001 6 211-213 64 2005 2 65 2010 31 187

66 67 68 ( ) 69 66 4 45 68.2% 21 31.8% 70 1. TSGT5001-2009 71 66 2003 10 67 2005 150 68 2001 43 69 2011 38 70 71 2011 937 188

2016 2 72 73 74, 75 76 77 78 2010 8 79 72 2011 38 73 2006 2 74 2008 27 75 76 2014 6 2014 6 772008 6 78 2004 2 79 2011 28 189

1995 27 1996 266 2. 80 81 82 5 1 83 93 80 2014 148 81 2005 2 2010 31 2008 27 82 2008 27 2009 83 190

2016 2 20 84 85 45 20 86 87 88 84 373 2007 12 19 A18 85 2005 77 86 2011 10 87 2005 150 88 2009 8 191

Chevron Skidmore 89 89 See Chevron U.S.A. v. NRDC, 467 U.S. 837, 842 (1984) and Skidmore v. Swift & Co., 323 U.S. 134 (1944). 192