Chinese Journal of Zoology 2008,43 (5) :13 24 3 ( 637009) : ( Ctenogobius giurinus) 4 6,2 3 h, 1 2 min,30 50,1 000 1 600,,,01453 01644 mm,,,,1 30, 1 4 4 min,7 : 2213 2517, 109 h 52 min,,21485 21640 mm,01350 01460 mm, 4 d, 6 d : ; ; :Q954 :A :025023263 (2008) 05213212 Reproductive Character, Embryonic and Larval Development of Ctenogobius giurinus QI Wen2Hua GUO Yan2Shu 3 LI Xue2Zhi HAO Yan2Zhe ( School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China) Abstract : Ctenogobius giurinus is a kind of small freshwater fish which propagates during April - June in the middle reaches of Jialingjiang in Nanchong. It has a egg2laying period of 2-3 hours, one copulation per interval of 1-2 minutes, egg2laying number of 30-50 per copulation, and total egg number of 1 000-1 6001The male C. giurinus is responsible for hatching eggs in most of the time,and the female hatches the eggs temporarily only when the male goes out to hunting for foods. The fertilized eggs were kept in a glass culture utensil during the observation. The results indicate that the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of C. giurinus have a group of sticky fiber on the one end which adheres to the gravel as well as other hard material. Their fertilized eggs are nearly spherical in shape and have a diameter of 01453-01644 mm,which are light yellow,translucent and very extensible. There are 1-30 oil globules in each egg,of which 1-4 are obviously bigger in volume. The eggs begin to inflate and become ellipse by absorbing water after 4 min of fertilization. According to the morphological characteristics, the embryonic development of C. giurinus may be divided into seven stages :the fertilized egg and the blastoderm formation stage,the cleavage stage,the blastula stage, the gastrula stage, the neural stage, the organogenesis stage, and hatching stage. Under the water temperature of 2213-2517,it requires 109 h 52 min for the embryonic development. The organs differentiation are (No. SZD0420) ; 3,E2mail :ys. guo @tom. com ;,, ; :; E2mail :wenhuaqi357 @1631com :2008202204, :2008206226
14 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43 highly degree before hatching,such as pectoral fin bud, gill plate, gas bladder, semicircular canal, evident mandible and geny2teeth. Newly hatched larvae have a total of 21485-21640 mm and body height of 01350-01460 mm,which takes 4 days for the disappearance of the yolk sacs and 6 days for the disappearance of the oil globules after hatching. Key words : Ctenogobius giurinus ; Reproductive character ; Embryonic and larval development ( Perciformes) ( Ctenogobius giurinus) ( Gobiidae), [1,2 ],,, [2,3 ], 2007 4 7,, 1 111, 115 m 015 m 016 m (A 4 5,B 5 5 ) ( Ceratophyllum demersum) ( Hydrilla verticillata), 015 110 cm,, (1321968 71205) mm (108157 149181 mm) (221218 01200) mm(21195 23101 mm), 50 %7 :00 20 :00 ( Tendipes meigen) ( Limnodrilus sp. ),,,, 12 cm 6 cm,, 2, 2213 2517,2214 2512,,, 112,1 5 d, ;6 10 d, ; 113 SA3000, 30 40,, Nikon 4500,,, 60 % SA3000 1 5 d 7 :00 20 :00 ;6 10 d 20 :00 SA3000, OLYMUS Eyepiece Micrometer,01000 1 mm 20 25, [4 14 ] 3, 1, 2 3 1
5 : 15 2 211, 4 6,28 mm 1,40 60 mm( 35 55 mm) 2, 70 mm 3,,,,,,,,A B 5 5 8, 2 3 h,1 2 min,30 50, 1 000 1 600,, 212 11, 2213 2517, 109 h 52 min, 1 h 15 min,4 h 55 min, 3 h 20 min, 2 h 36 min, 5 h 35 min,78 h 40 min, 13 h 10 min ( ) 1 (2213 2517 ) Table 1 The embryonic development of C. giurinus Development stage Start time Time between two stage Brief characteristics of each embryonic development stage Plate Fertilized egg 0, :1 Blastodisc formation 49 min 34 min 2 22cell stage 1 h 17 min 28 min :2 4 42cell stage 1 h 49 min 32 min,4 8 82cell stage 2 h 18 min 29 min 8, :4 16 162cell stage 2 h 49 min 31 min 16 :5 32 322cell stage 3 h 27 min 38 min 32 :6 64 642cell stage 4 h 5 min 38 min 64 :7 Multi2 cell stage 4 h 40 min 35 min :8 Morula 5 h 36 min 56 min :9 Early blastula stage 6 h 16 min 40 min, :10 Mid2blastula stage 7 h 13 min 57 min, :11 Late blastula stage 8 h 30 min 1 h 17 min, :12 Early gastrula stage 9 h 39 min 1 h 9 min 1Π3 :13 Mid2gastrula stage 10 h 33 min 54 min 1Π2 2Π3, Late gastrula stage 11 h 20 min 47 min 4Π5 :15 Neural embryo formation 12 h 18 min 58 min 8Π9, :16 Embryo body stage 14 h 10 min 1 h 52 min :17 Closure of blastopore 16 h 18 min 2 h 8 min :18 Myomere stage 17 h 57 min 1 h 39 min 1 2, :19 Eye bud appearance 19 h 51 min 1 h 54 min, :20 Eye sac appearance 21 h 39 min 1 h 48 min,6 9, :21 :3 :14
16 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43 1 Development stage Start time Time between two stage Brief characteristics of each embryonic development stage Plate Caudal bud appearance 24 h 22 min 2 h 43 min, :22 Ear sac formation 25 h 49 min 1 h 27 min Eye lens formation 27 h 35 min 1 h 46 min 1,,,, Muscular effect 29 h 32 min 1 h 57 min, 3 5 Pricardial coelom appearance 31 h 31 min 1 h 59 min Otolith appearance 33 h 45 min 2 h 14 min Heart bud appearance 36 h 26 min 2 h 41 min Heart beating 40 h 2 min 3 h 36 min Pectoral fin bud appearance 44 h 59 min 4 h 57 min,,,2 3, 6 11,25 27, 24, 20 min 55 65 Πmin, 5 6,, Greyish eyes 50 h 37 min 5 h 38 min,160 164 Πmin :29 Melanoid eyes 55 h 57 min 5 h 20 min,165 172 Πmin :30 Blood circulation 61 h 33 min 5 h 36 min, Gill plate stage 66 h 12 min 4 h 39 min 2, Semicircular canal appearance Gas bladder formation 74 h 34 min 4 h 47 min Lower mandible formation 69 h 47 min 3 h 35 min 2, 3 6,, :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :31 82 h 56 min 8 h 22 min, :32 Lower mandible chasma 89 h 15 min 6 h 19 min 10 30 Geny2teeth appearance 94 h 22 min 5 h 7 min Pre2hatching stage 96 h 40 min 2 h 18 min Hatching stage 109 h 52 min 13 h 12 min 213 21311 (2214 2217 ),,,,01453 01644 mm (),1 30, 1 4, 01046 01160 mm ( :1) 4 min, 14 min,,,,,,, :33 :34, ( :1) 49 min,,,, 21312 (2213 2217 ) 1 h 17 min 1,,,, ( :2) 1 h 49 min,2,
5 : 17,1, 4 ( :3) 2 h 18 min,3,2 1, 2, 1,,, 8, 8 ( :4) 2 h 49 min, 4, 2 2, 2 2,1 3,, 16, ( :5) 3 h 27 min, 5,,4, 32,,, ( :6) 4 h 5 min,6,64, ( :7),,,,;,,,, 4 h 40 min,,, ( :8) 5 h 36 min,,,,,, ( :9) 21313 (2213 2215 ) 6 h 16 min,,,,,,, ( :10), 9Π10, 2Π5 7 h 13 min,,,, ( : 11) 8 h 30 min,,,, ( :12) 21314 (2215 2218 ), 9 h 39 min, 1Π3,,( :13) 10 h 33 min, 1Π2,,( :14) 11 h 20 min, 4Π5,,,, 01350 mm 21310 mm,( :15) 21315 (2216 2310 ) 12 h 18 min,, 8Π9,,,,,, ( : 16) 14 h 10 min,,( : 17) 16 h 18 min,,,, ( :18) 21316 (2218 2517 ) 17 h 57 min, 1 2 ( :19),,,, 1 20 19 h 51 min,,,, 3 5 ( :20) 21 h 39 min,,, 6 9,( : 21) 24 h 22 min,,, 9 14, 1 13 ( :22) 25 h 49 min,,1,, 15 16 ( :23) 27 h 35 min,,,, 17 18, ( :24) 29 h 32 min,,
18 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43,, 19 21,11314 11413 mm,,, 31 h 31 min,,,,,,,,, 22 24 ( :25) 33 h 45 min,,,,, ( :26) 36 h 26 min,,,, ( : 27) 28 30, 21012 21074 mm,, 360 40 h 2 min,, 55 65, 44 h 59 min,,5 6,, ( :28),,, 21142 21435 mm 50 h 37 min,,,,,, 1Π3,,,160 164 Πmin ( : 29) 55 h 57 min,,,,, ( :30) 61 h 33 min,,,,,175 185 Πmin 66 h 12 min, 2,, 69 h 47 min,,2 74 h 34 min,, 3 6,,,, 8 10 Πmin ( :31),, 01070 01080 mm,01050 01070 mm 82 h 56 min,,,3 ( :32) 89 h 15 min,, 94 h 22 min,, 15 33 21317 (23 2512 ) 96 h 40 min,,80 96,,, ( :33) ;,,,,, 10,, 109 h 52 min,,,,,, ( :34) 214,,,, ( :35), 11700 11975 mm,01450 01475 mm 5 h,, 11 h 34 min,,,,,,,90,,,
5 : 19, 21500 mm 16 h 59 min,,,,, 29 h 27 min,,,,,, ( :36),, 36 h 40 min,,,,,,, ( :37) 51 h 23 min,,,4, 4 4,,,,4 6, ( :38) 61 h 21 min,,,,,,1 30,,,,, 7 13,,,,01200 01220 mm, ( :39),, 77 h 12 min,,,,,, ( :40) 86 h 46 min,,,,,8 9, 4 5, 7 11, ( :41) 102 h 58 min,, 114 h 1 min,,,,,,,, 10 12, 90 %, ( : 42) 6 d,,2,12 14 ( :43) 7 d,3, 6 7,,16 17, 8 d,,,4,, 3, 4, 16 17, 9 d,,, 5 10 d, 5,, ( :44) 2 3 311 1 4 4 min,,, (), ( Odontobutis obscura ) [15 ] ( Mugilogobius myxodermus) [16 ] ( C. cliffordpopei),,,,,, [17,18 ] ;,,,, ( Gnathopogon argentatus),,( Tanichthys albonubes) [19 ], ( Gobiocypris rarus), [18 ], ( Macropodus chibensis) [10 ] ( M. opercularis) [11 ] ( Epinephelus malabaricus) [20 ] ( E. coioides) [8 ] ( E. akaara) [9 ] ( Lepomis
20 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43 cyanellus) [7 ] ( Sparus aurata) [21 ] ( Siniperca kneri) [22 ] ( S. scherzeri) [23 ] (S. chuatsi) [24 ] ( Lateolabrax japonicus) [25 ] ( Micropterus salmoides ) [13 ] ( Nibea albiflora ) [26,27 ] ( N. miichthioides ) [28 ] ( N. diacanthus) [29 ] ( Pseudosciaena crocea) [14 ] [16 ],, 36 h 26 min,, [20 ] [16 ], [16 ],, 38 h ( 2415 2515 ) [11 ] 4215 h (21 2315 ) [10 ] 28 h 30 min ( 2515 015 ) [8,12 ] 21 h ( 2419 2716 ) [21 ] 30 h (25 1 ) [7 ] 44 h 48 min (19 ) [22 ], 109 h 52 min ( 2213 2517 ),183 h 18 min ( 1319 1918 ) [20 ] 138 h (16 18 ) [16 ],,, 2 ( mm) Table 2 The growth measurement of embryonic and larval development in C. giurinus Development stage Total Head Pectoral fin Caudal fin Caudal peduncle height Body height Eyes diameter Oil Yolk sac globule Otic capsule Otolith Blood circulation Gas bladder formation Just hatching larva Gill arc stage Back fin ray formation Sucker bud appearance Oil globule disappeared Piebald pigment appearance Back fin separation 9 d 9 d after hatching 10 d 10 d after hatching 21175 01325 01115 01254 01076 01274 01170 01350 01150 01072 01010 0 21500 01375 01160 01304 01118 01326 01205 01375 01170 01096 01013 0 21375 01320 01120 01300 01090 01320 01175 01280 01114 01078 01013 0 21545 01370 01170 01365 01147 01370 01210 01360 01158 01105 01016 0 21485 01325 01147 01325 01100 01350 01184 01257 01110 01093 01014 0 21640 01375 01260 01475 01153 01460 01236 01356 01150 01124 01018 0 21561 01335 01150 01355 01106 01356 01185 01095 01103 01095 01014 5 21752 01387 01268 01485 01161 01450 01248 01126 01145 01126 01020 0 21740 01378 01162 01374 01124 01368 01203 01273 01100 01273 01014 8 21825 01465 01275 01556 01163 5 01480 01254 01364 01123 01364 01022 0 21810 01394 01252 01453 01130 01387 01203 21875 01536 01325 01564 01166 7 01496 01254 21860 01454 01296 01502 01151 01406 01234 21900 01568 01340 01573 01182 01513 01260 21930 01525 01324 01532 01162 01467 01241 31125 01583 01354 01586 01194 01552 01267 21980 01543 01332 01545 01168 01476 01246 31250 01587 01361 01590 01197 01563 01269 31020 01563 01343 01552 01171 01479 01249 31360 01596 01374 01596 01204 01568 01272 31040 01568 01351 01556 01176 01485 01250 31390 01598 01382 01598 01209 01572 01276 01086 01099 01015 0 01104 01132 01024 0 01011 01015 3 01146 01025 0 01012 01015 5 01152 01026 0 01012 01015 7 01156 01027 0 01013 01015 8 01158 01029 0 01013 01016 0 01162 01031 0
5 : 21,, (44 h 59 min), (7 d),,8 d,(29 h 27 min), (114 h 1 min),, 1 5 d,6 9 d,10 d 312, 50 (01007 5 01040 0 mm), 1 30 ( 01046 01160 mm), [16 ] ( ),,,, ( 01618 8 01664 0 mm) [10 ] (01326 01446 mm) [11 ] (0122 0105 mm) [7 ] ( 0118 0123 mm) [22 ], (0150 110 mm) 1 6 [20 ] (0143 0160 mm) [23 ] (0143 0155 mm) ( 011 mm) [24 ] 1 4 [25 ], (0123 0101 mm) [26,27 ] [13 ] (0126 mm) [28 ] ( 0120 mm ) [29 ] (01326 01463 mm) [14 ] (01175 mm) [21 ] (0117 0104 mm) [12 ] (0115 0101 mm) [9 ] 4 6,,,30 102 h 58 min,6 d ; 1 3,4 d 90 %, 1 2,,,,,,, [ 1 ],. (). :,1987,443 447. [ 2 ].. :, 1994,516 520. [ 3 ].. :,1991,457 458. [ 4 ].. :, 1996,143 162. [ 5 ].. :,1986,53 58. [ 6 ],,..,2004,28(6) :629 634. [ 7 ],,..,2005,25 (2) :25 27. [ 8 ],,..,2006,13 (5) :689 699. [ 9 ],,.. ( ),2001,40(1) :81 84. [10 ],,..,1995, (2) :30 36. [11 ]..,1984,5 (3) :261 269. [12 ],,.. ( ),2006, 26 (6) :36 47. [13 ],,..,1995,16 (2) :5 11. [14 ]..,1999, (6) :61 65. [15 ].., 1960, (2) :145 158.
22 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43 [16 ],..,2007,42 (2) :124 128. [17 ],,..,2002,26(2) :115 121. [18 ],,..,1995,19 (2) :97 103. [19 ],,..,2004,11 (6) :489 496. [20 ],,..,2003,27 (4) :378 384. [21 ],,..,2006,27(6) :14 18. [22 ],,..,2006,28(4) :651 655 [23 ],..,1993,12(9) :5 7. [24 ],,..,1994, (2) :21 24. [25 ],,.. ( ),1997,14 (2) :51 56. [26 ],,. ( Nibea albiflora Richardson).,1981, (2) :77 84. [27 ],,..,2005,27 (5) :265 270. [28 ],,..,1998,17(2) :149 155. [29 ],,.. ( ),2006,11 (1) :13 17. 11 ; 21 2 ; 31 4 ; 41 8 ; 51 16 ; 61 32 ; 71 64 ; 81 ; 91 ; 101 ; 111 ; 121 ; 131 ; 141 ; 151 ; 161 ; 171 ; 181 ; 191 ; 201 ; 211 ; 221 45 Explanation of Plate 11 Fertilized egg ; 21 22cell ; 31 42cell ; 41 82cell ; 51 162cell ; 61 322cell ; 71 642cell ; 81 Multi2cell ; 91 Morula ; 101 Early blastula ; 111 Mid2 blastula ; 121 Late blastula ; 131 Early gastrula ; 141 Mid2gastrula ; 151 Late gastrula ; 161 Neural embryo ; 171 Embryo body ; 181 Closure of blastopore ; 191 Myomere ; 201 Eye bud ; 211 Eye sac ; 221 Caudal bud. 231 ; 241 ; 251 ; 261 ; 271 ; 281 ; 291 ; 301 451 ; 311 ; 321 ; 331, 70 ; 341, 40 ; 351, 40 ; 361, 15 ; 371, 20 ; 381 15 ; 391, 25 ; 401, 30 ; 411, 30 ; 421, 35 ; 431, 35 ; 441 10 d, 1023 32, 40 Explanation of Plate 231 Ear sac ; 241 Eye lens ; 251 Pricardial coelom ; 261 Otolith ; 271 Heart bud ; 281 Pectoral fin bud ; 291 Greyish eyes ; 301 Melanoid eyes ; 311 Gas bladder ; 321 Lower mandible ; 331 Pre2hatching stage, 70 ; 341 Hatching stage, 40 ; 351 Newly hatched larvae, 40 ; 361 Dorsal fin bud, 15 ; 371 Stomach, 20 ; 381 Gill arc, 15 ; 391 Melan2pigment stage, 25 ; 401 Operculum stage, 30 ; 411 Pectoral and dorsal fin ray, 30 ; 421 Sucking disk, 35 ; 431 Disappearance of oil globule, 35 ; 441 10 d larva after hatching, 101 Plate 23-32, 401
5 : : QI Wen2Hua et al. :Reproductive Character, Embryonic and Larval Development of Ctenogobius giurinus 23 Plate
24 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43 : QI Wen2Hua et al. :Reproductive Character, Embryonic and Larval Development of Ctenogobius giurinus Plate