( CIP). 3. :, 2003.1 ISBN 7-5331 - 2193-7......... -. R97-62 CIP (2002) 090507 ( ) : : 16 : 250002 : ( 0531 ) 2065109 : www. lkj. com. cn : jn-

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( CIP). 3. :, 2003.1 ISBN 7-5331 - 2193-7......... -. R97-62 CIP (2002) 090507 ( ) : : 16 : 250002 : ( 0531 ) 2065109 : www. lkj. com. cn : sdkj @ jn- publi c. sd. cninfo. net : : 16 : 250002 : ( 0531 ) 2020432 : : 120 : 266400 : ( 0532 ) 8183519 : 787mm 1092mm 1 32 : 56 : 1770 : 2003 2 3 7 : 78901-81900 ISBN 7-5331 - 2193-7 : 85.00 R 659

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-1 ( )1 (1) ( 4) (5 ) (6) ( 8) (9 ) ( 10) V( 11 ) ( 12 ) (14 ) (15 ) (16) (17) (18) (19) (21) (22) ( 24) (25) 1. (26)2. (27 ) ( )27 (28) (29) (30) (31) (33) (34) (35) (36) (38) (40) ( 41) (42) (44) (46) (48) (49) (51) (53) (54) ( )56 (56) (58) ( )59 (59) ( 61 ) (63) (66) ( ) - 68 (68) 1. (68)2.

2 (73) (73) (70) (71) 75 (75) (78) (80) (82) (83) (85) (86) (87) (88) (90) ( 91 ) (92) (93) 95 (95) (97) (98) ( 99 ) (100) (102) (103) 104 (104) ( 106 ) ( 107) (108) 109 (109) (111) (112) (112) (114) (115) (116) (117) (118) (119) (119) (120) (121) (122) 123 B(123) (125) (127 ) 128 (128) (130) 132 (132 ) ( 133 ) ( 134) (136) (137) (139) 140 (140) (142) (143) (144) (145) (146)

3 (150) ( 148 ) (149) (151) (151) (152) 152 (152) 154 ( )154 (154) ( )155 (155) ( )156 (156 ) ( 158 ) (159) (161) (162 ) (163) (165) (165) (166) (167) 168 (168) (169) (170) 171 (171) (173) 174 (174) (175) (176) (179) (179) (180) (182) (183) (185) (187) (188) (189) (190) (191) (193) (194) (194) (195) B(196 ) (199 ) ( 200 )

4 ( 202) (203 ) ( 205) (207) (207) (210) (211) (212) (213) (213) (214) (214) (216) (218) (218) (218) (220) (221) (223) (225) (226) (227) (228) (228) (230) (231) -2a(233) -2b(234) -n 1 (235) -1b (235) (236) (237) ( ) (238) (238) ( 238) (238) (239) ( ) (239) (239) (239) (239) (240) (240) (240) (240) (240 ) (241) (241) ( ) (241 ) ( 241) (242) (242) (242 ) (242) (243) (243) 244 (244) ( 245 ) (247) (248) (249) 250 (250) (250) (252)

5 ( 252 ) ( 253 ) ( 253 ) (253) (253) 253 (253) (254) (255) (255) (255) 255 (255) (255) (255) 256 (256) (257) (259) (260) (260) (261) (262) (264) (264) (265) 266 (266) 267 (267) (260) (269) (270) (271) ( 272 ) ( 273 ) ( 275 ) (276) (276) 277 (277) (278) (279) (279) (280) (281) 282 (282)

6 (282) ( 283 ) ( 284 ) (285) (285) (285) (285) (286) (286) (287) (287) (287) (289) (289) (289) (289) (290) (291) 292 (292) (293) (293) (293) (293) (293) 294 (294) (294) (294) 295 (295) (297) (298) (299)

7 (301) (302 ) (303) (304) (306) (306) (308) (310) (311) 312 (312) (313) 314 (314) 315 ( 315 ) (316 ) ( 317 ) (318) 319 (319) (320) (321) (322) (324) (325) (326) ( 328 ) (329) (330 ) ( 330 ) ( 331 ) (332) (333 ) (335) (336) (336) (337) D(338) (339 ) ( 341 ) (343) (344 ) (345) (346) (348) (349) (351) (352) (353) (354) (356) (357) ( 358 ) ( 359 ) (360) ( 361 ) ( 362 ) (363) (364) (365) (366)

8 (368) (368) (369) (369) (370) (371) ( 372 ) ( 373 ) ( 374 ) ( 376 ) (376) (377) (379) (380) ( 381 ) (382) (383) (384) (385) (386) (387) (388) (388) (388) (389) ( 390 ) ( 391 ) ( 392 ) (393) (393 ) (394 ) (394) (396) (398) (399) (400) (401) K(402) (402) (403) (403) (404) (405) (405) (406) (407) 1 (408) (410) (411) (411) (412)

9 (414) (415) (416) (417) (417) (418) ( 419 ) ( 420 ) ( 420 ) (421) ( 422) (423 ) ( 424) (425) (426 ) (426) ( 427 ) (428) 429 (429) (430) (431) (431) 432 (432) ( 433 ) (434) (435) ( 436 ) ( 437 ) ( 438 ) (439) (439) (440) ( 442 ) (442) 443 (443) (445) 445 (445) (446) ( 447 ) (448) (449) (449) (449) (450) 450 (450) (453) 1. (453) 2.

10 (454) ( 455) (456) ( 457) (457 ) (458 ) (459) (459) (461) (462) (462) 463 (463) 465 (465) (466) (467) (468) ( 469 ) ( 470 ) ( 471 ) (472) (473 ) (475) (476) (477) 478 (478) ( 478) ( 478) (478) (478) (478) (478) (478) (479) (480) (480) (481) (483) (484) (485) (486) (486) (488) (488) (489) ( 490) ( 491) (492) (493) (494) (494) (495) (495) (495) (495) (495) (495) (495) (497) (498) (499) (501) (502) (503) (504) (504) (505) (506) (508) ( 509 ) (510)

11 (512) ( 513) (514) ( 514 ) (515) ( 516 ) (516) ( 517 ) ( 518 ) (519 ) ( 520 ) (520) ( 521 ) (522) (523) (524) (525) (525) (527 ) (528) (529) (529) (530) ( 530 ) (532) (532) (534) (535) ( 536 ) (537) (538) (539) (540) (541) ( 542 ) (543 ) ( 544 ) (545) (546) ( 547) (548) (549) (549) (550) (551) (552) (554) (554 ) (554) 556 (556) (556) (556) (556) (557) (557) (557 ) ( 557 ) ( 557 ) ( 558 ) (558) (558) (558) (558) (559) (559) (559) (559) (560) (560) (560) 560 (560) (561 ) (561) (561) (561) (562) (562) (562) (562) ( 563 ) (563 ) ( 563 )

12 ( ) (563) (564 ) ( 564 ) ( 564 ) ( 564 ) (565) (565) (565) (565) (566) (566) (566 ) (566) ( 567 ) ( 567 ) (567) ( 567 ) ( 568 ) (568) 568 (568 ) (568) (569) (569) (569) (569) ( ) (569) (570) (570) (570) (571) (571) 572 (572) ( 573 ) ( 574 ) (575) (576) (577) (578) (579) 580 ( 580 ) ( 581 ) ( 582 ) (583) (584) (584) (585) (586) (587) (588 ) (589) ( 590) (591) (592 ) (593) (593) (594) (595) (596) (597)

13 (597 ) (598) ( 599) (600) ( 601 ) ( 602 ) (602) (603) (604) (605) 606 (606) (607) ( 608) (609) ( 610 ) ( 611 ) (612) (612) 613 (613) (615) (616) (616) (618) (618) (619) (620) (620 ) (621) (622) (622) 623 (623) (625) (627) (629) (631) (631) (631) (633) (634) (636) (651) 637 ( )637 (720) (721) (722) (762) (733) (522) ( )638

14 (682) (683) (679 ) ( 680 ) 639 (639) (641) (642) (644) (644) (645 ) K(646) (647) (648) 649 (649) (650) (651) (652) (653) (654) 655 (655) (658) (659) (661) (662) (664) (665) (665) (667) 668 (668) (670) (671) (673) (675) (676) 677 ( 677 ) (679 ) ( 680 ) (682) (683) (684) (686) 687 (687) (689) 691 (691) (692) (694)

15 (695) ( 696 ) (697) (698) (699) 699 (699) (700) (701) (702) (703) ( 703) 704 ( 704 ) (704 ) ( 704 ) (704) (704) (705) 706 ( 706 ) (707 ) ( 708 ) (709) (710 ) (711) (711) (712) (712) 713 (713) (714) (715) (715) (716 ) ( 717 ) ( 718 ) (718) (719) (720) (721) (722) (724) ( 724 ) ( 724 ) E (725) (725) ( 726 ) ( 727) (728) ( 729 ) ( 730 ) ( 731 ) (732) (732) (733) ( 735 ) ( 735 ) ( 736 ) ( 737 )

16 (738) (739) (739) ( 740 ) ( 741 ) ( 742 ) (743) (744) (745) (746) (747) (747) (748) (749) (750) (751) (752) 753 (753) (755) 756 (756) (756) 757 (757) (759) (759) (761) 1 762 ( 762 ) ( 763 ) ( 764 ) (765) (765) 767 (767) (768) (769) (770) 772 ( 772 ) (773 ) ( 774 ) (774) (774) 775 ( 775 ) (776 ) ( 778 ) (779) (781) (782) 783 (783) (785) (783) (784) 786 ( 786 ) ( 787 ) ( 788 ) (789)

17 ( 790 ) ( 791 ) ( 792 ) (793) (793 ) (794) (795) ( 796 ) ( 797 ) ( 798 ) (798) (800 ) (801) (802) (803) (804) (806 ) (806) 807 (807) (808) 808 ( 808 ) ( 809 ) ( 809 ) (809) (809 ) ( 810) (810) (810) (810) (810) ( 811 ) ( 811 ) (811) (811) (811) (812) (812) (812) (812) (813) (813) (813) (813) (814) 814 ( 814 ) (814 ) ( 814) (815) ( 815 ) ( 815) (815) (815) 816 (816) ( 816 ) ( 816) (816) (816) (817) (817) (817) (817) (817)

18 ( 819 ) ( 820 ) ( 820 ) (821) (822 ) (822) (823) (824 ) (824) (825) (826) 1. (826) 2. (826) (827) (828) (829) (829) (830) (830) (831) (832) ( 833 ) (834 ) (834) (834) 835 (835 ) (835) ( 837) (838) (839 ) (840) (841) ( 842 ) (843 ) ( 844 ) (844) (845) (846) (847) 848 (848) (850) (850) (851) (852) 852 (852) (852) (853) (853) 1.(854)2. (854)3. (854) (855)

19 856 (856 ) ( ) ( 856 ) (855) (855) (857) (857) (857) (857) (857) (858) (858) (858) (858) (858) (859) (859) (859) 859 (859) (859) (860) (860) ( 860 ) (860) ( 861 ) ( 861 ) (861 ) ( 861 ) (861) (862 ) ( 862 ) (862) (862) (863) 863 (863) ( 863 ) (863) (863) 865 (865) (866) (867) (867) (868) ( 868 ) ( 908 ) (869) (869) U ( 870 ) 1. (871)2. (871) H 2 871 ( 871 ) (874 ) ( 876 )

20 (878) E 879 (879) (879) (880 ) (881) 882 (882) (883) (884) 885 (885) (886) ( 887 ) (887) (887) (889) (889) (890) ( 890) - S (891 ) (892) (893) (894) (894) (894) (894) (894) ( 894 ) ( 894 ) (894) (895) (895) (896) ( 897 ) (897) ( 898 ) ( 899 ) ( 900) (901) (901) (902) (902) (903) (904) (905) (906) B 6 (907) (907) 1. (908) 2. ( 908) (908 ) ( 909 ) ( 910 ) ( 910 ) 1.

21 2. (911)3. ( 911 ) ( 911) (912) (912) (913) (913) (914) (915) (916) (916) (916) (916) 916 (916) ( 917 ) (917) ( 918 ) (918) ( 919 ) ( 919 ) (920) (920) ( 921 ) (921) (921 ) (921) (922) (923) (923) (924) (925) (926) (927) ( 927 ) ( 927 ) (927) (928) ( 929 ) (930) (931) 933 (933) (933) (934) (934) (935) (936 ) (936) (937) ( 937 ) (938) (939) (939) (939) (940) 940 (940) (941) 942 (942) (942) (942) (943) (943) (943) (943) (944) (944) (944) (944 ) (944 ) ( 945 ) (945) (945) ( 945 ) ( 946 )

22 (946) (946) ( ) (946) (947 ) (947) (947) (947) (948) (948) (948) 948 (948) (948) ( 949 ) (949) (949) (949) (950) (950) 950 (950) (950) (950) (951) (951) (951) (951) (951) (952) (952) 952 ( 952 ) ( 952 ) ( 952 ) (953) (953) (953) (953) 953 ( 953 ) ( 953 ) ( 953) (954) (954) (955) 955 (955) (955) (955) (956) ( 956 ) (956 ) ( 956) (956) (957) (957) (957) (957) 958 (958) (960) (961) (963)

23 965 ( 965 ) ( 966 ) ( 967 ) (967) 968 (968) (969) (971) (972) (973) (974) (974) (976) (976) (978) (978 ) ( 979 ) (980) (982) (982) (982) (982) (983) (984) (984) (984) (985) (986) (987) (988) (989) (989) (991) (991) (992) (993) ( 993 ) (993) ( 994 ) ( 994 ) (995)

24 (996) (997) (997 ) (997) (997) (997) (998) (998) (998) (998 ) ( 998 ) ( 999 ) ( 999 ) (999) (999 ) ( 999 ) (1000) (1000 ) (1000) (1000) 1001 (1001) (1002) (1003) (1004) (1005) 1006 (1006) (1007) (1007 ) (1008) (1009) ( 1010) (1011) (1011) (1013) 1013 (1013) 1014 (1014) (1014) ( 1015 ) ( 1015 ) ( 1015 ) (1016)

25 1017 ( 1017 ) ( 1017 ) ( 1017 ) (1017) ( 1018 ) ( 1018 ) (1018) (1018 ) (1019) (1019 ) ( 1019 ) ( 1019 ) (1019) ( 1020 ) ( 1020 ) (1020) (1020) (1020) (1021) (1021) (1021) ( 1021 ) (1021) ( 1022 ) (1022 ) (1022) ( 1022 ) (1022 ) (1023) (1023) (1023) (1023) (1024 ) 1024 (1024) (1024) K 1 (1025) K 3 (1026) K 4 ( 1026) (1027 ) ( 1028 ) ( 1029 ) (1030) ( 1031) ( 1031 ) (1032) (1032) ( 1033 ) (1033) (1034) (1035 ) (1036) (1036) (1036) ( 1037 ) ( 1038 ) 1. (1038)2.(1038) (1039) (1039) (1039)

26 1040 ( 1040 ) ( 1041 ) ( 1043 ) (1044) (1045) ( 1046 ) (1046) (1047) (1048) (1049) 1050 ( 1050 ) ( 1050 ) ( 1050 ) (1050) (1051) 1052 ( 1052 ) ( 1053 ) ( 1053 ) (1054) ( 1055 ) ( 1055 ) (1056) (1057) (1058 ) 1. (1060) (1060) (1061) ( 1060 ) 2. (1062) (1063) (1064) ( 1064 ) ( 1064 ) ( 1065 ) (1066) (1066) (1067) B 12 (1068) (1069) ( 1070 ) (1071) (1071 ) (1072) (1073) (1074) (1074) ( 1074 ) ( 1075 ) ( 1075 ) (1076) (1078)

27 1080 ( 1080 ) ( 1080 ) (1081) (1081 ) (1081) (1081) ( 1081) (1082) (1082) 1082 ( 1082 ) ( 1082 ) ( 1083) (1083) (1083) (1083) 1084 (1084) (1087) (1088) (1089 ) (1089 ) (1090 ) ( 1091) (1092) (1093) (1093) (1094 ) (1096 ) ( 1097 ) ( 1098 ) (1099) ( 1100 ) ( 1101 ) (1103) ( 1104 ) ( 1106 ) (1108) (1108) 1109 (1109) 1109 (1109) (1111) (1112)

28 1114 (1114) ( 1115 ) ( 1116 ) (1116) (1117 ) (1118) (1119) (1121 ) (1122) ( 1122 ) ( 1122) (1123) (1124) (1126) (1127) (1128) (1130) (1131) (1132) (1133) (1134) 1136 (1136) ( 1139 ) (1140 ) (1140) ( 1141 ) ( 1142 ) (1144) (1144) (1145 ) (1146) (1147) (1147) (1148) (1149) (1149 ) (1150) 1151 (1151) 1152 (1152) (1153 ) (1154) (1154) (1155) (1155)

29 1156 (1156) (1158) (1158) (1159) ( 1160 ) (1160 ) ( 1161 ) ( 1161 ) ( 1162 ) (1163) (1164) (1165) (1166) (1167) 1167 ( 1167 ) ( 1169 ) ( 1170 ) (1170) (1171) 1172 (1172) ( 1173 ) ( 1174 ) (1175) (1176) (1177) (1177) (1178) (1179) ( 1179) 1181 ( 1181 ) ( 1182 ) ( 1183 ) (1184) 1186 (1186) ( 1187 ) ( 1188) (1189 ) ( 1190 ) ( 1191 ) (1192) 1193 (1193) ( 1194 ) ( 1194 ) (1195) (1195)

30 (1196) (1196) (1197 ) (1197) (1198) (1198 ) (1199) 1200 (1200) (1200) (1201 ) (1201) 1202 (1202) 1203 (1203) ( 1204 ) ( 1205 ) ( 1206 ) (1207) ( 1208 ) ( 1209 ) (1209) ( 1210 ) ( 1211 ) (1211) ( 1211 ) ( 1212 ) ( 1213 ) (1214) (1215) (1215) (1216) ( 1216 ) ( 1217 ) ( 1218 ) (1218) (1219) (1220) ( 1221 ) ( 1222 ) ( 1223 ) (1124)

31 1225 B 1 (1225) B 2 (1227) ( 1228 ) B 6 ( 1228 ) (1230) (1231) B(1233) (1233) C(1234) (1237) 1237 A(1237) A (1240) D 2 (1241) D 3 (1244 ) ( 1244 ) (1244 ) (1246) ( 1247 ) ( 1248 ) E(1248) E (1250) 1251 (1251) (1253) (1254) (1255) 1256 (1256) (1257) (1258 ) (1258) 1259 (1259) (1261) (1262 ) 1263 (1263 ) (1265) 1266 (1266 ) ( 1267 ) ( 1267 ) (1268)

32 ( 1270 ) ( 1272 ) ( 1275 ) (1275) ( 1279 ) ( 1280 ) (1280) (1281) ( 1281 ) (1284) (1284 ) (1285) (1287) (1289) ( 1290 ) ( 1292 ) ( 1293 ) (1293) (1294 ) (1296) (1297) (1298) (1298) (1299) (1301) (1302) ( 1303 ) ( 1305 ) ( 1306 ) (1307) ( 1307 ) ( 1308 ) (1308) (1309) (1309) (1310) (1311 ) (1312) (1313) (1314) (1314) (1315) (1316) A(1316)

33 (1320) (1317) (1318) C(1319) 1321 (1321) (1321 ) (1322) (1323) (1324) (1325) ( 1325 ) ( 1326 ) ( 1327 ) (1328) (1328 ) (1330) (1330) (1331) (1331) (1332) (1333 ) (1334) (1334) (1335) 1336 (1336) ( 1337) (1338) ( 1338 ) (1339) 1339 (1339) (1341) (1342) (1343) (1344) (1344) ( 1345 ) (1345) ( 1346 ) ( 1347 ) (1347) (1348) 1350

34 (1350) (1351) (1352) 1353 (1353) (1354) (1354) 1355 (1355) 1356 (1356) 1357 (1357) (1358) (1359) (1360) X 1361 (1361) 1362 ( ) 1363 (1363) (1364) (1366) (1367) (1368) (1369) (1370) (1370) (1370) ( ) 1372 ( 1372 ) ( 1373 ) ( 1373 ) (1375) (1375) (1376) ( ) 1378 ( 1378 ) ( 1379 ) ( 1380 ) (1381) (1382) (1385) (1385) ( ) 1387 (1387) (1388) (1389) (1390)

35 (1393) (1394) ( 1394 ) (1395) ( 1396 ) (1397 ) (1398) (1398) (1399 ) ( 1400 ) ( 1400 ) ( 1401 ) (1402) (1403) (1403) (1404) ( 1405 ) (1406) (1406) ( 1407 ) ( 1407 ) ( 1407 ) (1408) ( 1409 ) ( 1410 ) (1411) ( 1412 ) ( 1412 ) ( 1412 ) (1413) (1414) (1415 ) ( 1416 ) ( 1417 ) ( 1418 ) (1418)

36 (1419) (1420) (1421) (1421) (1422) ( 1422 ) (1423) (1424) (1424) (1425) ( 1425 ) ( 1426 ) ( 1427 ) (1427) (1428) (1429) (1429 ) ( 1430 ) (1431) 1. ( 1432) 2. ( 1433 ) 3. (1433)4. (1434) (1434) ( 1435) (1436 ) (1437) ( 1438 ) ( 1439 ) ( 1440 ) 84 (1440) (1441) (1442) (1443) ( 1444 ) ( 1446 ) ( 1446 ) (1447) ( 1448 ) ( 1449 ) ( 1449 ) (1450) (1451) (1451 ) (1452) ( 1453 ) ( 1454 ) ( 1454 )

37 ( 1456 ) (1456) (1457) (1458) (1458) (1459) ( 1460 ) ( 1461 ) ( 1462 ) (1462) (1463) (1464) (1464) ( 1464 ) ( 1465 ) (1465) (1465) (1465) (1466) 1 (1466) 2 (1466) (1466) ( 1467 ) (1467) (1467 ) ( 1467 ) (1468) (1468) (1468) (1468) (1468) (1469) ( 1469 ) ( 1469 ) (1469) (1469) (1470) (1470) (1470) (1471) (1471) ( 1471) (1471) ( 1472 ) ( 1472 )

38 (1473) (1473) (1473) (1474) ( 1472 ) (1474) ( 1474 ) (1474) (1475) (1475) (1475) (1476 ) ( 1476) (1477) (1477) ( 1477 ) (1477) (1478 ) (1478) (1478) (1479) (1479) (1479 ) (1479) (1480) (1480) (1480) (1480) (1480) (1481) ( 1481 ) (1481) (1481 ) ( 1482) (1482) (1482) (1482) (1483) (1483) ( 1483 ) (1483) (1484) 1484 (1484 ) (1484 )

39 ( 1485 ) (1485) (1485 ) (1485) 1486 (1486 ) (1486) (1487) (1487) 1487 (1487 ) ( 1488) ( )(1488) (1488) ( 1488 ) (1489) ( 1489 ) (1489 ) (1489) (1490) ( 1490 ) ( 1490 ) ( 1490 ) ( 1490) (1491) (1491) (1491) ( 1491 ) ( 1492 ) ( 1492 ) ( 1494 ) (1494) (1495) ( 1496 ) ( 1496 ) (1497) (1498) (1498) (1498) ( 1500 ) (1501) (1502) (1503) (1503) ( 1504 ) ( 1504 ) ( 1504 ) (1505) (1505) (1505) (1505) (1505) ( 1506 ) ( 1506 ) (1506) (1506) (1506) (1507) (1507) ( 1507 ) (1507) (1507) (1508) (1508) (1508) (1508)

40 1509 ( 1509 ) ( 1509 ) (1509) (1510 ) (1510) (1510) ( 1510 ) ( 1511 ) (1511) (1511 ) B (1512) (1512) (1512) 1513 (1513 ) (1513) (1513) (1513) (1514) (1514) 1514 (1514) (1515) (1515) (1515) 1516 ( 1516 ) (1516) (1516) (1517) 1517 (1517) ( 1517 ) B (1518) (1518) (1518) 1518 ( 1518 ) (1519) (1519) ( 1519 ) (1519) (1520) (1520) (1520) 1520 (1520) ( 1521)

41 ( 1521 ) (1522) ( 1522 ) (1523) 1523 (1523 ) (1523) (1524) (1524) (1524) (1525 ) (1526) (1526) (1527) 1528 ( 1528 ) (1528) (1529) (1529) 1529 (1529 ) ( 1530) (1530) (1530 ) (1531) 1531 (1531 ) ( 1532) (1533) 1533 (1533 ) (1534) (1534) 1534 (1534 ) (1535 ) ( 1535 ) ( 1536 ) (1536) ( 1536 ) (1536) (1537) B 2 (1537) (1537) ( 1537 ) ( 1538 ) (1539) (1539) 1540

42 (1540 ) ( 1540 ) ( 1540 ) (1541) ( 1541 ) (1541) (1542) (1542 ) (1542) 1542 (1542) (1543) (1543) (1543) ( 1543 ) (1544) (1544 ) (1544 ) (1545) (1545) ( 1545 ) (1546 ) ( 1546) (1546) ( 1546 ) ( 1547 ) (1547) (1547 ) ( 1548 ) (1548) ( 1548 ) (1548 ) ( 1549 ) ( 1549 ) ( 1549 ) (1549) (1549) (1550) (1550) (1550) (1551) (1551) ( 1551 ) (1547 ) (1552) (1552) (1552) (1553) (1553) (1553) (1553) (1554) (1555) (1555 ) ( 1555) (1556) (1556) ( 1556 ) (1556) (1557) (1557) ( 1557 ) ( 1558 ) (1558) (1558 ) (1559)

43 1559 (1559) ( 1559 ) (1560) (1560) (1560) 1560 ( 1560 ) ( 1561 ) ( 1561 ) (1561) (1561) ( 1561 ) ( 1562 ) ( 1562 ) ( 1562 ) (1562) (1562) ( 1563 ) (1563) ( 1563 ) ( 1563 ) (1564) (1564) 1564 (1564) 1565 (1565) (1566) (1566) (1567) (1567) (1568) (1569) (1569) 1570 (1570) (1570) (1571) (1571) (1571) 1572 ( 1572 ) ( 1572 ) ( 1572 ) (1573) 1573 (1573)

44 (1574) (1574) (1575 ) (1576) (1576) (1577 ) ( 1578 ) ( 1578 ) ( 1578 ) (1579) (1579) 1580 ( ) 1580 ( ) 1582 (1582) (1582) (1583) (1584) (1584 ) ( 1585 ) ( 1585) (1586) (1587) (1587) (1588) ( 1588 ) (1589) (1590) (1591 ) (1591) (1592) 1593 ( ) 1593 ( ) 1593 ( ) 1594 1595 1599 1677

- ( ) Benzylpenicillin, G, Penicillin G C 16 H 18 N 2 O 4 S = 334.4, : C 16 H 17 N 2 O 4 SK = 372.46, : C 16 H 17 N 2 O 4 SNa = 356.35,,,,,,, 10% ph 5.5 7.5 :,,,,,,,, ;

2 ; ;,,, 10% 25% ;, 15 30 100 U, 30, 2 U L,,,,, 1 5,,, 30,,, 10 60%,,,,, : 80 160 U, 2 3 ; 3 5 U kg, 2 3 :, 240 2000 U, 20 40 U kg, 3 4 5%, 1 U, 2 U,,,,,

3,, 1. 3 ( 24 ), 200 500U 0.1ml,, 20 1cm, 2., 0.1% 0.5 1ml, ( 10 ), 3.,,,, 4. 0.7% 10%,,,,,,, ( ), IgG IgM IgE, ( ), IgE, ( ),,, 5.,,, 1000 1 U,,

4 6. 100 U (0.6g) 39mg ( 1.7mmol 1.7mEq), U ( 0.625g ) 100 66mg (1.5mmol 1.5mEq) 7. 1mg 1670U 1598U 8.,, 1., -,, 2.,, 3.,, : 40 U (0.24g) 80 U (0.48g) 100 U (0.6g) : 40 U ( 0.25g) 80 U (0.5g), Procaine Penicillin, Procaine Benzylpenicillin C 13 H 20 O 2 N 2 C 16 H 18 O 4 N 2 S H 2 O = 588.72,,,, 30% ph5.0 7.5,,, 40 U, 2 4 ( 2000U L), 24

5,,,, : 40 80 U, 1 2 ; 20 40 U, 1 2 ; 5 U kg 1., 2., 3. : 40 U ( 30 U, 10 U) 80 U ( 60 U, 20 U), Benzathine Benzylpenicillin, G, Tardocillin, Bicillin, Benzathine Pencillin C 16 H 20 N 2 ( C 16 H 18 N 2 O 4 S ) 2 = 909.11 ;,,, ph5 7.5 ph6 7, 25 90%,, 120 U (900mg), 4, 48,,,, 6

6, : 60 120 U; 30 60 U, 2 4 1 1. ( ), 2. B, B 3. 4. 900mg 720mg ( 120 U) 5., : 30 U 60 U 120 U, Oxacillin Sodium,, P 12 C 19 H 18 N 3 O 5 SNa H 2 O = 441.4,,,,,, 2% ph 5.0 7.0,,,,,, 30% 0.5g, 0.5 1, 5 6mg L; 0.5g,, 16mg L, 6

7,,,, 94%, 30% 40 % 0.5, : 0.5 1g, 4 ; 50 100mg kg, 4 : 1 1.5g, 4 ; : 1 2g, 3 4, 100ml, 0.5 1 ; 50 100mg kg, 2 4, ; ;, 100 400mg kg,, ;,,, 1., 2., 1., 2.,,, 3. B C, : 0.25g : 0.5g 1g,

8 Cloxacillin Sodium,, Orbenin, Methocillin-S, BRL- 1621 C 19 H 17 ClN 3 NaO 5 S = 457.87 ;,,, 10 % ph 5.0 7.0,,,,,, 0.5g, 0.5 1, 7 14mg L ; 0.5g, 0.5, 18mg L, 4 6,, 100 1000mg L 95%, 0.5 1, 50%, 6 30 % 40%,, : 0.5 1g, 3 4 : 0.5 1g, 10 20ml, 3 4 : 2 6g, 50 100mg kg, 3 4 100 200ml, 0.5 1 : 10 40mg, 12 5

9 mg, 3 5mg, 2ml 1ml 0.5ml ( 10mg), 10,, 1., 2., : 0.125g 0.25g 0.5g : 0.25g 0.5g, Dicloxacillin Sodium,, Veracillin, BRL- 1702 C 19 H 16 Cl 2 N 3 NaO 5 S H 2 O = 510.33,,, 1 % ph4.5 7.5,,, 0.5g 1, 15 18mg L, 6 40%, 2, 30% 97% 0.8, : 0.25 0.5g, 4, 1 ; 25 50mg kg, 4 : 0.25 0.5g, 4 6 1

10, 2. 3. : 0.5g : 0.25g, Flucloxacillin Sodium,, Floxapen, Culpen C 19 H 16 ClFN 3 NaO 5 S H 2 O = 493.84,,,, 10% ph 5 7 10% ph 6 7 20 25 7, 10 % 0.25 0.5mg L,,, 0.25 0.5g, 1, 11 15mg L, 4, 0.5g30, 11mg L 95%, 6 50% 95% : 0.25g, 4 ; 2 1 4, 2 10 1 2 : 0.25 0.5g, 20ml, 4 : 0.25 0.5g,, 4, 1.

11, 3. : 0.25g 0.5g : 0.25g 0.5g, Penicillin V V, Phenoxymethylpenicillin C 16 H 18 N 2 O 5 S = 350.4, : (C 16 H 17 N 2 O 5 S) 2 Ca 2H 2 O = 774.8, : C 16 H 17 KN 2 O 5 S = 388.45,,,, 0.5% ph 2.4 4.0,,,,, ( ),, ( 60% ),, 125mg, 1, 0.7mg L 0.25 0.5g, 3 5mg L,, 4, 6 30 55% 80%,,, 24 20% 30 %, : 0.25 0.5g, 4 6 1 ; 1 62.5mg, 1 5 0.125g, 6 12 0.25g, 6 1

12 1. 2., 3., ( ) : 0.125g ( 20 U ) 0.25g (40 U) 0.5g (80 U) Ampicillin, Penbritin, Alpen C 16 H 19 N 3 O 4 S 3H 2 O = 403.45, : C 16 H 18 N 3 NaO 4 S = 371.39,,,,,,,,,,, 10% ph8 10,,,, ;,,,, 50% 0.5g 2, 5.2mg L, 6 1.1mg L 0.5g, 0.5 1, 12mg L, 6 0.5mg L, 0.5g

13 17mg L, 4 8 0.62 0.02mg L,,, 18% 20%, 80 %,, 1.5, 12, : 0.25 0.5g, 4 4 : 0.5 1g, : 1 2g, 100ml, 1, 3 4 8 12g, 3 4 ; 50 100mg kg, 3 4,, 10% 26 %, 4 5,,, 2 4,, 1.,, 2., 5% 10 % 2 4, 8 3.,,

14 1., 2. B C, 3. : 0.25g : 0.5g 1g ( ), Amoxicillin, Amoxil, Amoxipen C 16 H 19 N 3 O 5 S 3H 2 O = 419.40,,,,,,,,, 1,,,, 17%, 1 (58% 68% ),, : 0.5 1g, 3 4 ; 40 50mg kg, 3 4

15 1. 2. 3. : 0.125g 0.25g 0.5g : 0.125g (, ), Pivampicillin,,, Inacillin, Pondocillin, Alpha-cillin : C 22 H 29 N 3 O 6 S HCl = 500.03,,,,, 0.25g 0.5g 1 1.5, 5mg L 9mg L,, 6 70% : 0.5 1g, 2 3 ; 50 80mg kg, 3 1.5 2g, 1g,,, 1. 2.,,,

16 3. 1.43g 1g 4. : 0.25g, Carbenicillin,, Carbecin, Pyopen : C 17 H 16 N 2 Na 2 O 6 S = 422.4,,,,, 10% ph6 8,, :,, ;,,,,,, 1g, 1, 30mg L, 2 2000 4000mg L, ; 1g 1, 140mg L,, 50%, 1, 8 80 %, 13 15, 2 ( ), : 0.5 2.5g, 4 ; 50 100mg kg, 4 : 10 20g, 3 4 100

17 mg kg, 3 4 1.,,, 2. 3., 1g 4.7mmol ( 108mg ),,, 4., 1., 2., 1.,, 2. 3.,,,,, : 0.5g ( ), Subenicillin Sodium, Kedacillin, Sulbenil C 16 H 16 N 2 Na 2 O 7 S 2 = 458.42,,,,,,,,,

18 0.5 1,, 24 80%, 5000mg L, 3, : 0.5 1g, 2 4 : 2 4g, 2 4 : 4 8g, 20g, 40 80mg kg, 2 4 ; ;, 1., 2., 3., 4.37mmol ( 4.37mEq ),, 4. : 1g (100 U) 2g (200 U) 4g (400 U) ( ),, Furbenicillin, Furbucillin : C 22 H 21 N 4 O 7 S K 3H 2 O = 578.60,,,,

19 6 8 ;, ;, 1g, 293mg L,, 2 4 8.7 0.68mg L,,, : 4 8g, 2 4, 12g; 100 150mg kg, 2 4,,,,,, 1.,, 2. ( ) : 0.5g,, Piperacillin, Pipracil, Penticillin C 23 H 26 N 5 NaO 7 S = 539.51,,,, 25% ph 5 7 ph3 ph8,

20 ( ),,, 1g 52.2mg L 142mg L, 6 1.3mg L 0.6mg L 17 % 20%, 1,,,,,, 12 49 % 68% 10 % 20%,, : 4 5g, 3 4 ; 80 100mg kg, 3 4 : 3 4 ; 4 16g, 100 300mg kg, 3 4 ( 3% ), 3%,,, 1., ; ; 2., 3., 24, 2 10 5 1.,,

21, 3., 4. : 0.5g 1g ( ), Ticarcillin, Ticar, Ticarpen : C 15 H 14 N 2 O 6 S 2 Na 2 = 428.4,, 1 % ph 6.0 8.0 0.1% ph2, 3745, 1 10 1 20;, 2 4,, -, -,, 1g0.5, 31mg L, 2 6 16mg L 3mg L ; 3g 15, 190mg L, 2 4 52mg L 14mg L 45% 70,,,, 90% 6,

22, : 15 20g, 3 4 ; 200 300mg kg, 3 4 4ml,, 3 4 ;, 0.5 1 :, 1g, 4, 0.5% 2 3ml ; 50 100mg kg, 3 4, 1., 2.,, 3., 4.7mmol ( 4.7mEq ), ( ) : 1g 3g 5g, Mezlocillin Sodium, Baypen C 21 H 24 N 5 NaO 8 S 2 = 561.56,,, 10 % ph 4.5 8.0 ( ) - ( )

23, 1g, 45 90 15 25mg L; 1g 2g 15 53.4mg L 152mg L, 1 12.8mg L 47.8mg L, 6, 39 45 2g, 86.5mg L, 1 28.3mg L 3g, 4 1, 7, 100mg L,,,,, 10% 42% 1, 1.5, 7 4.3,, 80 %,, ; 5% 5% 10%, 3 5 ; 30 2 6g,, 8 12g, 15g 100 200mg kg, 300mg kg 2 4, 6 8 1, 4 6 1, ; ;,,,, 1.

24 ; 2., > 30ml min, ; 10 30ml min,, 1.5 3g, 8 1 ; < 10ml min, 1.5g, 8 1, 2g, 8 1 3. 1g 39mg 1.7mmol,, : 0.5g 1g 2g, Azlocillin Sodium, Alocin C 20 H 22 N 5 NaO 6 S = 483.5,,,, 10 % ph6 8,,, 20% 46% 1,, 2 6,,, 50 % 70%,,,, : 6 8g, 10 16g, 2 4 75mg kg; 100mg kg,

25 4 5% 5 % 10%,,,,,, : 0.5g 1g 2g, 25 Mecillinam, Amidinocillin C 15 H 23 N 3 O 3 S = 325.4,, 10% ph4 6.2,,, 0.2g 0.4g 0.5, 6mg L 12mg L 0.2g 0.4g, 12mg L 28mg L, 2 1mg L,,,, 15% 25 %, 1.2 50% 60 % 6, -

26,, - : 400 800mg, 3 4 400mg, 800mg; 30 60mg kg,,,, 1., ; 3 ; 2., : 0.2g 0.4g, 1. (,, Pinocine, Co- Picillin) : 1 1,,, ( 50% ) ;,,,,,,, : 1 2, 4 6 1 :, 0.25g

27. (, Biflocin) : 1 1,,,,, 2 ;,,,,,, : 2g, 2 ; 0.2g kg, 2 : 0.5g, 4 ; 2 7, 0.25g, 3, 7 12, 0.25g, 4 : ; :, : 0.25g 0.5g : 0.125g 0.25g ( ) : 1., ;,, - 2. ;,

28, - 3.,,,, - Cefalexin,, Cephalexin, Ceporex C 16 H 17 N 3 O 4 S H 2 O = 365.41,,, 0.5% ph3.5 5.5,, ( ),, ;,, ;,,, 90 % 0.5g 1 18mg L, 6 10% 15 %,,,,, 24 80%, 0.25g 1000mg L 0.6 1.2, 5 30, 6

29 0.25 0.5g, 3 4 ; 25 50mg kg, 3 4, ;, ; 1. ; ;, 300 500 g 2., 3., : 0.125g 0.25g ( ),, Cefadroxil, Duracef, Duricef C 16 H 17 N 3 O 5 S H 2 O = 381.36,,, 2 4,,, 0.5g 1.5, 16mg L,, 20 %, 1.5,

30 90% : 1 2g, 2 3 ; 30 50mg kg, 2,,, ;, 1.,, 2. : 0.25g 0.5g ( ), Cefazolin, Cefamezin, Kefzol : C 14 H 13 N 8 NaO 4 S 3 = 476.46,,,,, 10% ph4.5 6.5, (),,, 0.5g 38mg L 118mg L, 8,,,,,, 24 80% 90 % 80 % 1.8,

31 36, 1 4.5 5, : 0.5 1g, 3 4 : 1 4g, 2 4, 6g 30 50mg kg, 100mg kg, 2 3, ; ;, 1., 1, 300 500 g 2., < 50ml min, 3. 0.9 % 10% 24, 2 10 96 1. B 2., ( ) : 0.5g 1g, Cefradine,, Velosef C 16 H 19 N 3 O 4 S = 349.40

32,, 1 % ph3.5 6.0,,,, 0.5g, 1, 16.5 19.5mg L ; 1g, 5 86.3mg L, 15 50mg L, 1 12mg L, 4 1mg L 6 % 20%, 1, 24 90% 100%, 3000mg L, : 0.25 0.5g, 4,, 4g; 25 50mg kg, 50 100mg kg, 4 : 2 4g, 3 4 ; 50 100mg kg, 3 4,,,,, 1., 2., > 20ml min, 6 0.5g; 5 20ml min, 6 0.25g; < 5ml min, 12 0.25g

33 0.5g, 2ml ; 1g, 10 20ml ; 30mg 4. 7, 2 10 14 5., A ( Velosef A), ;, : 0.25g 0.5g : 0.125g 0.25g : 0.5g 1.0g, Cefathiamidine, Cephathiamidine C 19 H 28 N 4 O 6 S 2 = 472.59,,, 0.8 12.5mg L; 0.5g,, 38.8mg L, 30, 6 ; 0.5g, 0.5 1, 26.6mg L, 1.2,,,, 12 90 %, 13.2, 24 3.2%, 20% 30%

34 4 8g, 2 4 ; 50 100mg kg, 2 4 : 0.5 1.0g, 4 ; 50 100g kg, 3 4,,, : 0.5g,, Cefalotin, I, Cefalothin : C 16 H 15 N 2 NaO 6 S 2 = 418.4,,,,,,, - 0.5g 30, 10mg L; 1g 15, 30mg L, 1 3 12mg L; 0.5g, 14 20mg L,,,, 70%

35,, 65%, 50, : 0.5 1g, 3 4 ; : 1g, 0.9 % 5 % 20ml,, 4 6 ; : 4 8g, 3 4, 0.9 % (5 % 10% ) 100 200ml, 1 50 100mg kg,, ; ; ;, ( ) : 0.5g, Cefaclor, Ceclor, Kefolor C 15 H 14 ClN 3 O 4 S H 2 O = 385.69,, 2.5% ph3 4.5, ( ),,,, 0.25g 0.5g, 1, 6mg

36 L mg L, 0.5g, 6.3mg L 25% 30 60,,,, 8 85 % 15%, 0.05 % 0.25g 0.5g, 1 600mg L 900mg L, : 0.25 0.5g, 8 1 ; 40 80mg kg, 3 ( 8 1 ), 4g, 1g,, 1.,,, ; 2., 50% 75%, : 0.25g ( ), Cefamandole Nafate, Mandol, Mandokef, Kefadol C 19 H 17 N 6 NaO 6 S 2 = 512.5,, 10 % ph 3.5 7,, 10 % ph 6 8.5,

37 - ( ) (1 ) 1g 21.2mg L 104.7mg L 53.9mg L 70 % 0.7 1.2,,, 24 80%, : 0.5 1g, 4 8 1, 8 12g; 50 100mg kg, 3 4, 200 250mg kg,, 50 1., 6 2.,, 3. 1g 3ml, 1g 22ml, 5 % 10ml, ( 3 5

38 1g 10ml, 5% 10 % 1 6 mol L 4., ( 25 ) 24, 596 1., 2. ( ), ( ) : 0.5g 1g ( 0.5g 0.5g 31.5mg), Cefuroxime,,, Zinacef : C 16 H 15 N 4 NaO 8 S = 446.4,,, 10% ph7, - ( ) ( ) ( ), ; ; 1g 32 40mg L 90 144mg L 33% 70 80,,,,

39 85 %,,, : 0.75g, 3, 6g; 30 60mg kg, 100mg kg, 3 4,, 3g, 8 1 ; 150 240mg kg, 3 4, 100mg kg; 100mg kg, 50mg kg,, 1.5g, 8 16 0.75g;,, 1.5g, 24 48 8 0.75g,,,, 1., 2. 3. 5 % 10% 0.75g 3ml, 25 5, 2 10 48 1. 2., ( ) : 0.75g 1.5g, 25

40 Cefuroxime Axetil,, Zinnat C 20 H 22 N 4 O 10 S = 510.5,,, 3 4,,,,, 30% 49 %, 2 3, 1 2, 50%,, : 250mg, 2 ;, 500mg, 2 ;, 125mg, 2 ;, 250mg, 2 ; : 1g 7 ( 5 10 ),, 1.

41, 2., 5 3.,, : 125mg 250mg 500mg ( ), 25 Cefotiam,, Pansporin : C 18 H 23 N 9 O 4 S 3 2HCl = 598.51,,,,,, ;, ; - 0.5g 30 21mg L, 1g 30 40mg L, 2g 102mg L 0.7 1.1,,,,, : 0.5 2g, 4g, 2 4 ; 40 80mg kg, 160mg kg, 2 4

42,,, B K, 1., 2. 3. 4. 5% 10% (25 ) 8, 2 10 24 ( ) : 0.25g, 0.25g 0.5g 1g, Cefotaxime Sodium,, Claforan C 16 H 16 N 5 NaO 7 S 2 = 477.46,,,, 10% ph4.5 6.5,, ;, -,

43 0.5g 1g,, 12mg L 25mg L 1g 2g 102mg L 215mg L 1g 30 41mg L, 4 1.5mg L,, 45 % 50%, 50% 60%, 30% 45 % 1 : 2 4g, 2 3, 12g; 50 100mg kg, 200mg kg, 2 3 ; 7 12 1, 7 28 8 1, 25mg kg 3 % 5%,,,,, 1., 2. 4.8mg 20ml min, 3. 1g, 10ml,, 2 4 ; 1g, 5% 10 % 50 100ml, 0.5 1 1. ;

44, 2.,, 3., : 0.5g 1g, Ceftriaxone,,, Rocephin : C 18 H 16 N 3 Na 2 O 7 S 3 = 528.48,, 10% ph 6 8,, ( ) ;, 8 -, -, 100% 1g, 2, 76mg L, 12 29mg L ; 0.5g, 15, 93mg L, 6 30mg L ; 1g, 30, 150mg L, 12 28mg L, 24 9mg L

45, 24, 15 20mg kg, 5.16mg L, 12, 40% ; 60% 7 8, 1, 84% 95%,,, 4 6.5, : 1 2g, 1, 4g, 2 ; 20 80mg kg, 50mg kg, 250mg, ; ; ; 1. ; 2. 3. 5 % 10%,, 6, 5 24 4. 0.25 1g, 1% 2 3.5ml ; 50 100ml, 0.5 1 5.,,

46 0.25g 0.5g 1g ( 1% 2ml 3.5ml) : 0.25g 0.5g 1g: 2g ( ), Ceftazidime,, Fortum C 22 H 22 N 6 O 7 S 2 = 546.53, (),,, ph 6 8,,,,, -,, 0.5g 1g, 1, 22.6mg L 37.2mg L; 1g 2g 121mg L 200mg L 10% 15% 1.8 2,,, ;, 4 20mg L,, 8 50% 80 %,

47 5,, :, 0.5 1g, 12 1 ;, 1g, 8 1, 2g, 12 1 ;,, 2g, 8 12 1 ;, 12g, 30 100mg kg, 2 3 ; 2 12 25 50mg kg, 2 8.9% ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; 1., 2., < 50ml min ; > 50ml min, 1g, ; 30 50ml min, 12 1g; 16 30ml min, 24 1g; 6 15ml min, 24 0.5g; < 5ml min, 48 0.5g 3. 0.5% 1%, 25 18, 2 10 7,,

48 0.5g 1g 2g, Cefoperazone,,, Cefobid, Cefobis : C 25 H 26 N 9 NaO 8 S 2 = 567.61,,,,, 25% ph4.5 6.5,,,, 0.5g 1g, 1, 33mg L 74mg L ; 1g 2g, 153mg L 244mg L, 8 6.5mg L 11.8mg L 87 % 94%, 2,, 2g 6000mg L 2200mg L, 40%, 40%,,, : 2 4g, 6 8g, 2 3 ; 50 150mg kg,

49 4 4%,,,,, 1. ; ; ;, 2g 2. K,, K 3., 4. 5% 10% ( 50 300 g ) 15 20 24, 2 8 5 1. 2. 5, 3.,, 4., ; C, ;, 6 ;, ( ) : 0.5g 1g 2g, Ceftizoxime,, Epocellin

50 C 13 H 12 N 5 NaO 5 S 2 = 405.35,,, 10 % ph6 8, ph5.5 8.0 -, - ;, 0.5g 14mg L; 0.5g 5, 59mg L, 30 25mg L, 4 1g30 84mg L 31% 1.9, ;, 12 30mg kg, 2 5mg L,,,,, : 0.5 2g, 4g, 2 4 ; 40 80mg kg, 120mg kg, 4 2,,,

51 1.66% ) ( 1.85 % ),,,, 1., 2. K, 3., 5% 10%,, 7, 48 ( ) : 0.5g 1g, Cefmenoxime,, Bestcall : ( C 16 H 17 N 9 O 5 S 3 ) 2 HCl = 1059.49,, ph 7.0 7.5,, 0.5g, 30 11mg L; 1g 99.4mg L;

52 g 2g, 1, 50mg L 135mg L 69% 85%,, 1g 249mg L, 11% 18 %,, 24 80 % 0.9 1.2, : 1 4g, 2, 6g, 3 ; 40 80mg kg, 160mg kg, 3 4 5.6%, ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1., 2. K 3., 5% 10%, 24, (15 ) 48

53 0.5g ( 0.5% 3ml ), 0.5g 1g ( ), Cefixime,, Cefspan C 16 H 15 N 5 O 7 S 2 = 453.41,,,, -,,,, 40% 50%, 200mg 400mg, 4, 2 5mg L 3.7 4.6mg L 65% 3 4,, 20% 24, 60%, : 50 100mg, 2, 200mg, 2 ; 1.5 3mg kg, 2, 4mg kg, 2 400mg,,

54 1.,, 20ml min, 1, 2., 1000mg kg,, : 50mg 100mg, Cefepime Maxipime () : C 19 H 25 ClN 6 O 5 S 2 HCl H 2 O = 571.5,, -, - ( MRSA ),, ( MRSA) 500mg 1g 2g, 30 38.2mg L 78.7mg L 163.1mg L 8.2mg L 14.8mg L 36.1mg L

55 2, 120ml min,, ( 110ml min), 85%, 19%,,,,, : 1g, 12 1, : 2g, 12 1, 2g, 8 7 10,,,, ;,,,, 1. - 2. -, 3. ;, ; 13 4.,, ; 5., 5ml

56 ml 0.9% 5 % 6. 1 40mg ml, 0.9 % 5 % 10% M 6, ( ) : 0.5g 1g ( 725mg),, ( ) Cefoxitin,, Mefoxin, Mefoxitin ( C),,,, 7 C : C 16 H 16 N 3 NaO 7 S 2 = 449.44,,,,, 10% ph4.2 7 (10 % ) 25 24, 2 10 96 -,,,,, ;

57, 1g 20, 22.5mg L; 1g 3 30 2 4 124mg L 74mg L 27mg L 1mg L 70% 45 60,,, 2% 77% 99% 12 1g, 3000mg L : 1 2g, 3 4, 4 6 1, 12g; 2, 50 150mg kg, 3 4, 200mg kg; 40mg kg, 8% ( 5.3 % ), ( 2.2% ), ( 2.9% ), ( 2.4% ), ( 3% ), 1. -, 2. : 30 50ml min, 1 2g, 8 12 1 ; 10 29ml min, 1 2g, 12 24 1 ; 5 9ml min, 0.5 1g, 12 24 1 ; 5ml min, 0.5 1g, 24 48 1 3.,, 0.5%,, ( ) : 1g,

58 Cefmetazole, Cefmetazon C 15 H 17 N 7 O 5 S 3 = 471.5, : C 15 H 16 N 7 NaO 5 S 3 = 493.5,,,, 10% ph4.2 6.2 -,, ; 0.5g 32.5mg ml; 1g 10 188mg L, 6 1.9mg L ; 1g, 1 76mg L, 6 2.7mg L 1,,,, 6 80% 96%, 10 35ml min, 4.7 ; < 5ml min, 7.4 : 1 2g, 2, 4g, 2 4 ; 25 100mg kg, 150mg kg, 2 4,,

59 ; K B ; 1.,, 2. 24 1., 2., ( ) : 0.5g 1g 2g, ( ) Latamoxef Sodium,, Moxalactam Sodium, Shiomarin C 20 H 18 N 6 Na 2 O 9 S = 564.41,,, 10% ph5.0 7.0, (25 ) ( 2 10 ), 24 72,, 5 S O,, ; ;

60,, ; -, 1g, 1, 52.3mg L, 8 4.5mg L; 1g ( 4ml, 3 4 ), 170mg L, 2 29mg L, 6 6mg L; 1g, 20, 70.7mg L 60% 1.8 2,,, : 0.5 1g, 2, 0.5%, : 1g, 2, 10 20ml, : 1g, 2, 100ml, ; 40 80mg kg, 2 4, 150mg kg, 2 4,, ; ; ; ; 1., - 2. ;, < 5ml min > 26.78mmol L, 25%, 24 1 3.,, K,

61, ( ), 72 2., 3. 5 % 10%, : 0.25g 0.5g 1g, 1g, Aztreonam,, Azactam, Primbactam, Urobactam C 13 H 17 N 5 O 8 S 2 = 435.42,,, ph 4.5 7.5 -,, -, -, -,, 90% 1g, 1, 45mg L 0.5g 1g 2g, 30 54mg L 90mg L 204mg L, 8 1mg L 3mg L 6mg L 3, 58mg L 125mg L 242mg L 56 % 1.66,

62,,,,, SQ- 26992, -,, 60 % 70%, 12 %,, : 1 8g, 3 4 6 12 1,,, 1g;, 1 2g, 8 12 1 ;, 2g, 6 8 1 1g 30mg kg, 6 8 1, 2 2 50mg kg, 6 8 1 8g 1 ; ; ; ;, 1., -, -,, 2.,, 10 30ml min, ; 10ml min, 1 4 3. 1g, 3ml, ; 1g, 20

63 ml, 3 5 ; 5% 10%, 100ml 2g, 30 60 1.,, 2.,, 3., : 0.5g 1g ( 0.39g 0.78g), Imipenem-Cilastatin Sodium,, Tienam, 1 1 : C 12 H 17 N 3 O 4 S H 2 O = 317.33, : C 16 H 26 N 2 O 5 S = 358.42,,, -,,, - ( ),, ( ) ;

64, -,, ( DHD - ) DHD -,,,, 70%,,,,, 0.25g 0.5g 1g ( ) 20, 20mg L 35mg L 66mg L 13 % 21% 1,,,,,,, 1 1 : 0.25 1g, 2 4,, 0.25g, 6 1, 1g;, 0.5 1g, 8 12 1, 1.5 2g;, 0.5g, 6 1, 2g;, 1g, 8 1, 3g; ( ), 1g, 6 1, 4g 40kg, ; < 40kg, 15mg kg, 6 1, 0.5 1g : 0.5 0.75g, 12 1,

65 g 0.5g ; ;,,,,, Coomb ; ;, ( ), ;, ; 1. ; - ; ; 12, ; ( ), 2., 0.25g 0.5g 5% 10% 50 100ml ;, 0.5g 0.75g, ( 1% ) 2ml 3ml,, 3., 25 10, 448 ;, 24 4, 424, 1 1., 2.,, : 0.25g 0.5g, 120ml ; 0.25g 0.5g ( 50 % ),

66 Meropenem MEPM Mepem, C 17 H 25 N 3 O 5 S = 383.5, : C 17 H 25 N 3 O 5 S 3H 2 O = 437.51,, 170, 230 ( ) ph 6.7 8.7,,,, - ( ),,, 0.25g 0.5g 1g 30 15.8mg L 26.9mg L 53.1mg L, 0.98 1.03 1.02,, 30, 8 60% 65 %,,,, : 0.5 1g, 2 3, 2g 0.25 0.5g, 100ml 5% 10%

67 30 5 14 :, ( < 0.1% ) :, : : : - :,,,, K :, ; ; 1.,, 2. - ( K ) 12 3. 3,, 4. 7,,, : 0.25g 0.5g ( ),

68 ) - Clavulanic Acid - C 8 H 9 NO 5 = 199.13,, -,, -,,,,, - -,, -, 0.125g, 1 2.5mg L 30% 1,,, 8 67%,, : 0.375 0.75g, 3 4,,,, : 1. Amoxicillin Sodium-Clavulanic Potassium:,

69, Augmentin, 1 0.2, -, -,,, 1, 30%, 8 60%, 50%, : 1.2g, 50 100ml, 30, 3 4 :, 2 1 1, 3 4, 7 10 1 ;, 4 1 1, 3 4, 7 10 1, 6 12 5 10ml, 2 6 5ml, 9 2 2.5ml, 3,, (1 ), (2), (3) 10 30ml min, 0.25 0.5g, 12 1 ; < 10ml min, 0.25 0.5g, 24 1 ( ) (4 ),, (5),

70, (2 ), : 1.2g ( 1.0g, 0.2g ) : 2 1 ( 250mg, 125mg) 4 1 ( 500mg, 125mg), 2. Ticarcillin Sodium-Clavulanic Potassium:,, Timentin,, : 1, 4 6 1 (1 ), (2) 1, 13ml, (3) : 3g 0.1g 0.2g, Sulbactam, Penicillanic Acid Sulfone C 8 H 11 NO 5 S = 233.2,

71,, -, -,,,,,,, 30, : 0.375g 0.75g 1.5g 3.0g : 0.375g, Sultamicillin,, Unasyn 2 1, Unasyn-Injection; 1 1 ( ), Unasyn- Oral,, ; -,, ( ) ( - )

72, 1,,, 1, : 0.75g, 2 4 : 1.5 12g,, 1.5 3g, 3 6g, 6 12g, 2 4 150mg kg, 2 4 100ml, 0.5 1 : 375mg, 2 4, 1 2 ; ; ; ;, 1., 2.,, > 30ml min, 6 8 1 ; 15 29ml min, 12 1 ; 5 14ml min, 24 1 1., ; 2. : 0.375g 0.75g 1.5g 3.0g ( 2 1 ) : 0.375g ( 0.221g, 0.147g)

73 Tazobactam Sodium C H 11 N 4 NaO 5 S = 322.28, -, -,, Piperacillin Sodium - Tazobactam Sodium, Tazocilline, Tazobac,,,, (1 0.125 ), -, - : : - ; - : - ( MRSA ) : -,

74, 2.25g 3.375g 4.5g 30, 134mg L 242mg L 298mg L, 15mg L 24mg L 34mg L,, 50% 100% 0.7 1.2, 68%, 80%,,, - :, - ( ) ; - ; - ; - ( ) ; - ( ) : 3.375g ( 3g 0.375g ),, 3.375g, 4 1, 6 1 7 10, 7 14 : 20 40ml min, 2.25g, ; 6 1 < 20ml min, 2.25g, 8 1 2.25g, 8 1, 0.75g,

75, - -,, 12 2., 3.,, ;, 4., 21 5., 6.,,,, 7., 1.,, 2., ( 21 % 71% ) 3., 4. : 2.25g 3.375g 4.5g ( 2g 3g 4g 0.25g 0.375g 0.5g),, Streptomycin : (C 21 H 39 N 7 O 12 ) 2 3H 2 SO 4

76,,,, 25% ph4.5 7.0,,,,, ;,, 1mg L, 3 4, 1g L, 1000 0.5g 1g, 1, 15 20mg L 30 40mg L, 8 1 8mg L 35 %,,,,,, ;, 50 %, 24 30% 90 %, ; 1%, 2 3, 40 9, 50 100 : 0.25 0.5g, 3 4, : 1g, 2 ; 0.75 1g, 1 2 ; 15 25mg kg, 2

77,,,,, C 2.,,, 12 18, 1 4,,, 1 2 3.,,, 4.,,,, 5.,, ( ), 6.,,, 1., 2., 1,,, 20%,, 1000 2500U,,,, 3., 1.,,,,

78, 3., 4. B,, : 0.1g (100 U ) : 0.75g (75 U ) 1g ( 100 U ) 1ml 0.25g ( 25 U ) 2ml 0.5g ( 50 U), Gentamicin,, C 1 C 1a C 2,,,, 4% ph4.0 6.0,, ( ),, 80mg ( 1.5mg kg) 0.5 1, 4 8mg L, 2mg L; 80 mg, 30, 5 8 2 4, 0 25 %,,

79, 24 40 % 85%, 3,,,,, : 40 80mg, 3 4, ; kg, 2 3 : 10 15mg 80mg 1.5mg kg, 2 3 8 1 ; 3 5mg kg, 2 3 : 160 240mg 2 3, 5 % 10 % 100ml, 0.5 1 : 20 40mg, 1 2mg : 0.3 % 10 20mg, 7 14, 2 2 % 3%,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2., 50 80ml min, 2 3 1 2; 10 50ml min, 1 2 1 5; < 10ml min, 1 5 1 10 3.,, 4. 1mg 1000U

80,,,, 2 1., 2., 3. B,, 4.,, 5., 6., : 20mg (2 U) 40mg (4 U ) : 1ml 40mg ( 4 U ) 2ml 80mg (8 U), Kanamycin : Kanasyn, kantrex A B C, A, B 5 %, C : C 18 H 36 N 4 O 11 H 2 SO 4 = 582.58, : C 18 H 36 N 4 O 11 1.7H 2 SO 4 = 651.23,,,, 0.5% ph6.0 7.0 100 30,,,

81 ; ( ), 0.5g, 1, 20mg L, 0.5g, 30 40mg L 3 5,,, 70 80,,,,,, 24 40% 80%,, : 1g, 15 25mg kg, 2,,,, ;,,,, 1., ; ;

82 20 60 70, 50 %, : 2ml 0.5g ( 50 U ), 0.5 ( 50 U) 1g (100 U), Amikacin, Amikin C 22 H 43 N 5 O 13 = 585.62, : C 22 H 43 N 5 O 13 2H 2 SO 4 = 781.8,,,, 1% ph 6.0 7.5,,,, ;,, 0.25g 0.5g, 1, 11.mg L 20mg L 0.5g, 30 38mg L, 1 18mg L, 4% 2,, 44,,, 24 94% 98%

83 15mg kg, 2 8 1, 7.5mg kg, 1.5g, 0.5g, 2 15mg kg, 2, 10mg kg, 12 7.5mg kg 100 200ml, 30 60, 1 2,,, 1.,,, 2.,, 3., 4. 30mg L, 10mg L,, 7 10 1., 2.,,,, : 2ml 0.2g ( 20 U ) 0.2g ( 20 U),, Tobramycin Nebcina, Nebcin ( ) Tobracin, C 18 H 37 N 5 O 9 = 467.54

84,, 10% ph 9 11 ph 5.8,,, 2 4, ( ), 100mg, 0.5 1, 4mg L, 6 8,,, 50%, 2, 0 25%, 24 80%,,, : 1 1.5mg kg 80mg, 8 1 2 3, 5mg kg; 2mg kg, 2 100ml,, 30 60, 0.6%,, 1.5%,, 1.,

85 2., 7 10, 3mg kg 3. 12 g, 2 g 4.,, 5. : 2ml 80mg, 25 Sisomicin,, Sissomicin, C 1a : (C 19 H 37 N 5 O 7 ) 2 5H 2 SO 4 = 1385.24,, 4 % ph 3.5 5.5 ;, ;, 1mg kg, 1, 3.08mg L 1mg kg, 30, 7.12mg L, 3 4, 8 49% 61%, : 3mg kg, 3 7 10 1. 10mg L, 2mg L

86 : 1.5ml 75mg 2ml 100mg, Netilmicin,, Netromycin : (C 21 H 41 N 5 O 7 ) 2 5H 2 SO 4 = 1441. 35 1.5g 1g, AAC ( 3 ),,, 2mg kg, 0.5 1 7mg L, 8 12, 2 2.5,, 24 70% 80% 2mg kg, 100mg L, : 3 6mg kg 150 200mg ( 3 4mg kg), ( 4 6mg kg) 7.5mg kg, 2 1 3mg kg, 2 50 200ml 5%, 14

87,,,,,,,, 1., 2., : 1.5ml 75mg 2ml 100mg, Isepamicin HAPA - B, HAPA - Gentamicin B C 22 H 43 N 3 O 12 = 569.6,,,,, B, :,, 0.4g, 1, 18mg L 0.4g 1, 21mg L,,, 2 4, 1000mg L, 1 1600mg L 1,,

88 0.4g, 1 2 1 1, 2 30 1, 8, 1% ;, ; ;, K B ; ;, ; 8,,, ( ) : 2ml 0.2g 2ml 0. 4g,, Micronomicin,,, Sagamicin ( Mic-romonospora sagamiensis ), N (6 ) - C 1a C 20 H 41 N 5 O 7 = 463.54, : ( C 20 H 41 N 5 O 7 ) 2 5H 2 SO 4,,, ph 6.5,

89,, AAC (6 ) C 1a, 60mg 120mg (4.67 1.005) mg L ( 9.6 3.86 ) mg L, 0.67 0.75, 2.34 2.63, 0 2 100mg L 300mg L, 2 4 60mg L 160mg L60mg, ( ) 4.75 0.65mg L 2.5,,,, 1 2, 15 %, 6 8 60% 70%, : 60 120mg, 2 3 ; 3 4mg kg, 2 3 : 60 120mg, 5%, 2 2,, 1., 2. 2, 3.,

90 2. -, : 1ml 30mg ( 3 U ) 2ml 60mg ( 6 U) 2ml 80mg (8 U) Ribostamycin, Vistamycin C 17 H 34 N 4 O 10 nh 2 SO 4 ( n < 2),,,, 5 % ph 6.0 8.0 ;, 0.5g, 30, 25mg L, 4 9.4mg L,,,,,, 24 85% 90% 1.67,,, : 1 1.5g 25mg kg, 2 ; 20 40mg kg, 2,,

91, 1.,, 2. ( ) : 0.25g ( 25 U ) 0.5g (50 U) 1g (100 U), Astromicin,,, Fortimicin A : C 17 H 35 N 5 O 6 2H 2 SO 4 = 601.56,,,, 200mg, 30 60, 14mg L, 2 9mg L, 4 5mg L, 8 1mg L,, 1.7mg L 4.5 9.1mg L,,, 1.8, 8 64% 73 %, : 400mg, 2, ;,

92 ; ;, 1., 2., 3.,, ( ) : 200mg ( ph), Neomycin Streptomyces fradiae B C B B : C 23 H 46 N 6 O 13 = 614.6,,, ( ) ( 1 1 ),, 10% ph5 7.5, 1, A,,,,, 97% 3 4g, 4mg L, 0.5 1g, 20mg L, 30% 50%, 2,

93,,,, : 0.25 0.5g, 3 4 ; 25 50mg kg, 4 : 0.5%, 0.1 %, 0.05%,,,,,,,,, 1., 2.,,, 3. 72 4., 1g, : 0.1g (10 U) : 8ml ( 45 U) 10ml ( 5 U),, Spectinomycin,,, Trobicin Streptomyces spectabilis

94 C H 24 N 2 O 7 = 332.31, : C 14 H 24 N 2 O 7 5H 2 O 2HCl = 495.4,,, 1% ph 3.8 5.6 1g () 1.5g,, 7.5mg L, 1 96%, 2g, 1, 100mg L, 8 15mg L 2.5,, 48 100% : 2g, 4g, 4g, ;,, 1., 2. 3.2ml 5ml,, 3. : 2g ( 0. 9% 3.2 ml)

95 Tetracycline : Achromycin Streptomyces aureofaciens C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 = 444.4, : C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 HCl = 480.90,,,,,,,,,,, 1% ph 1.8 2.8,,, ph2 ph7,, 30S,,,,,,, 20% 70 % 2 4 8.5 0.5g, 4 5 mg L, 6 8 0.5g, 20mg L, 12

96,,, 55 % 70% 6 8 25% 50 % (60% ), 0.25g 60 300mg L,,,,,,,,, : 0.5g, 3 4, 2 ; 8 30 40mg kg, 3 4 : 1g, 1.5g, 8 20 30mg kg, 2, 5% 1mg, 2g 2g, 10%,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,

97 2., 3.,,,, 4.,,,,, ( ) 1.,, 2., 3., 4.,, 5., 6., 7. B B E C A C, ( ) : 0.125g ( 12.5 U ) 0.25g ( 25 U ) 0.5g ( 50 U ) ( ) : 0.25g ( 25 U),, Terramycin, Oxytetracycline, Oxycycline : C 22 H 24 N 2 O 9 HCl = 496.9

98,, ( 90 ),,, 1% ph 2.5, ph2,, 58%,, 0.5g, 2 4, 2.2mg L, 20 % 35% 6 9, 60% 70%,,,,,,,,, : 0.5g, 4 ; 8 30 40mg kg, 3 4,,,, 8 ( ) : 0.25g (25 U),, Aureomycin, Chlortetracycline : C 22 H 23 ClN 2 O 8 HCl =

99,,, ( 1 75 1 110),, ph2.5, 1% ph 2.3 3.3, 37 24 50%,, 47%, 6, 15%,,,,, : 0.5%, 1 : 0.5%, 1 2 : 1%, 1 2, 1.,, 2. 1mg 910 ( ) : 0.5 % : 1%,, Demeclocycline,, Demethyl chlortetracycline, Declomycin : C 21 H 21 ClN 2 O 8 HCl = 501.3,,

100, 1% ph 2 3,, 300mg, 3 4, 2.4mg L, 24 1mg L 40% 50 %, 12, 24 48 24 60%, : 0.3g, 2, 0.15g, 4 ( ), 8 : 0.15g ( 15 U) 0.3g ( 30 U),, Doxycycline, C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 H 2 O = 462.38, : C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 HCl 0.5C 2 H 5 OH 0.5H 2 O = 512.93,,,,,, 1% ph 2.0 3.0,,,

101, 50,,, 200mg, 2 3 1.1 3.1mg L 200mg, 5.88mg L,, 15 22 85%,, 50%,, ( 23 % 30% ),, 10 20,,,,,, : 0.2g, 0.1g, 1 2 ; 8 4mg kg, 2mg kg, 1 2,,,,,, 1., 8 2., B 6,,, ( ) : 0.1g (10 U),

102 Minocycline Minomycin : C 23 H 27 N 3 O 7 HCl = 493.9,,,, 1 % ph 3.5 4.5,, 2 4,,,, 0.2g, 2 3, 7mg L ( 0.8 22mg L), 76% 83 %,, 10 20,, 10 17,, 34%, 10 %, : 0.2g, 12 1, 0.1g,,,,, 86% 96%,,, 8,

103 ) : 0.1g, Metacycline, Methacycline : C 22 H 22 N 2 O 8 HCl = 478.9,,,,, 1 % ph 2 3,,, 0.3g, 4, 2.6mg L, 80 % 90%, 10 16 50%,, : 0.2 0.3g, 3, 1 2 ; 8 10 15mg kg, 3 4,,, 8,, ( ) : 0.1g 0.2g,

104 Chloramphenicol, Chloromycetin C 11 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O 5 = 323.13,, (1 400), ( 1 2.5 ) (1 7),,,, ;,,, 75% 90 %,, 2 3 0.5g 1g 2g, 2 4mg L 8 10mg L 16 21mg L 1 2g, 4, 5 10mg L,, 50%, 50% 60% 2 3,, 2 24, 2 4 12,,, 20% 50%,,

105 50 %, 50% 100%,, 75 % 90% 24, 5 % 15 % 1g, 70 150mg L,,,, ;, ; ; ; : 1 2g, 3 4, 0.25g, 4 ; 25 50mg kg, 4 : 1 2g, 2, 0.25% ;, 2, ;,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,,,, 50% 3.,,, 4.,

106 400), 1g 400ml,,, 5.,,, 80% 90% 6., 1.,, 2., 3., 4.,, 5.,,,, 6. E, : 0.25g : 2ml 0.25g : 0.25 % : 1% 3%, Chloramphenicol Succinate C 15 H 16 Cl 2 N 2 O 8 = 423.21,,,,,,,, 3.5 5 : 0.5 1g ( ), 2, 25 %,

107 5 % 10% 2.5 5mg 15 20 1., (0.14g 0.1g ) 2. C, 3. ( ) : 0.125g 0.25g 0.5g, Chloramphenicol Palmitate, C 27 H 42 Cl 2 N 2 O 6 = 561.55,,,,,,,, : 0.25 0.5g, 3 4 ; 25 50mg kg, 3 4 ( ) 1. 0.174g 0.1g 2. ( B ) : 50mg ( ),

108 Thiamphenicol Thiophenicol, Thiocymetin, Dextrosulphenidol C 12 H 15 Cl 2 NO 5 S = 356.23,,, ph 5.8 7.5,,,,,, 6,, 0.5g, 2, 3 6mg L 0.5g, 1, 7 13mg L, 5, 0 10%,,, 50% 70%, 5 % 10%,,, : 0.25 0.5g, 3 4 ; 25 50mg kg, 2 3 : 1.5 2g, 2 ; 25 50mg kg, 2 3 : 2ml, 2 10%,,,

109 1% 2%,,, 1., 2., 3. : 0.25g : 2ml 0.1g,, Erythromycin Erythrocin C 37 H 67 NO 13 = 733.87,,,,, 0.067% ph 8 10.5,, 60 60, ph < 4 50S,,,,,,, ( ),

110,,,, 0.5g, 2 4, 0.9 1.4mg L 24 2g, 2.3 6.8mg L, 24 1.2mg L 1.5 3 70 % 90%,,,, 10 25, 10 %, 50%, 10%,, 1 % 2% 15 %, 6 % 18%, 50 600 g g,,, 1 2g, : 30 50mg kg, 3 4,,,,, 1., 2.,

111, 3., 1.,, 2.,, ( ) : 0.1g ( 10 U ) 0.125g ( 12.5 U ) 0.25g ( 25 U) : 0.5 %,, Erythromycin Estolate C 40 H 71 NO 14 C 12 H 26 O 4 S = 1056.40,,,, ph 4.5 7,,,, 3 4,, 6, ( ) : 1 2g, 3 4 ; 30 50mg kg, 3 4 10 14 1.,, 2., 10 14,,, 3.

112 2. 1.44g 1g 3. ( ) : 0.125g ( 12.5 U), Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate,, C 43 H 75 NO 16 = 862.07,,, 1 % ph 6 8.5,, ( ) : 0.25 0.5g, 3 4, 30mg kg, 4 ; 30 50mg kg, 3 4,,, 1., 2. 1.17g 1g ( ) : 0.1g ( 10 U ) 0.125g (12.5 U),, Erythromycin Lactobionate C 37 H 67 NO 13 C 12 H 22 O 12 = 1092.24

113,,, 5% ph 6.5 7.52 4, 14,, ph5.5, : 1 2g, 3 4 0.3 0.6g, 6 8 1 ; 30 50mg kg, 3 4 5%, 5 % (ph 5.5 6.0), 1mg, 30 40,,,,, 1., 2., 3., 1g 4. 1.5g 5. 6. 1. -, 2., 5 % 10% ( ) ph 3.2 5.5, ph 4.0 4.5, 5% ph 5.5 6,, 2 4 3.,,

114 ) : 0.25g (25 U ) 0.3g (30 U),, Clarithromycin, C 38 H 69 NO 13 = 747.80,,,,, 0.25g, 1 2, 1 2mg L 65 % 70% 0.4g, 4.7 ; 1.2g, 11.1,, ( 14R ) -14-,, 30% 60%, 22 : 0.4g, 2 ; 10 15mg kg, 2 3,,, : 50mg 100mg 200mg,

115 Azithromycin Azithromax C 38 H 72 N 2 O 12 = 748.93,,, 4, 2, 40% 0.5g, 2, 0.4 0.6mg L,,, 0.02mg L, 50%, 0.5mg L, 12 %, ( 100 ),,, 11 14, 2.3 3.2, : 1, 0.5g, 2 5, 0.25g, 1 1g, 10mg kg, 3 1,, 1., 2. : 0.25g 0.5g,

116 Roxithromycin Rulid C 41 H 76 N 2 O 15 = 837.00,,,,,,,,,,, 70% 80% 2 95% 7 16,,,,, 10% : 0.15g, 2, 0.3g, 1, 15 ; 2.5 5mg kg, 2 1%, : 0.15g 0.3g,

117 Rokitamycin Rokimycin C 42 H 49 NO 16 = 823.76,,, ;, ;, 0.2g, 0.5, 0.47mg L,, 2.11,,,, : 0.2g, 3,,,,,,, : 0.1g 0.2g,

118 Midecamycin Medemycin Streptomyces mycarofaciems, A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 6, : C 41 H 67 NO 15 = 814.0,,,,,, 1g, 0.5 1 2,,,,, : 0.8 1.2g, 3 4 ; 30 40mg kg, 3 4, 1.,,, 2. ( Meleumycin),, A 6, 3. : 0.1g,

119 Midecamycin Acetate, Miocamycin Acetate C 45 H 71 NO 17 = 898.08,,,,,,, 0.5,, 5,,, 2 : 0.2 0.3g, 3 4 ; 15 30mg kg, 3 4 ( 2.7% ) ( 0.7% ), ( 1 % ), ( 0.6% ) : 0.1g 0.2g : 0.5g ( 100mg) 1g ( 200mg), Spiramycin Rovamycin Streptomyces

120 ambofaciens Spiramycin ( C 45 H 78 N 2 O 15 = 887.03, 63 % ) Spiramycin (C 47 H 80 N 2 O 16 = 929.06, 24% ) Spiramycin ( C 48 H 82 N 2 O 16 = 941.08, 13 % ),,,, 1g 2 3, 2 4mg L, 4 6 27%, 3,,,,, 10 %, : 1.6 2.4g, 4 ; 50 100mg kg, 4,, : 0.2g Acetylspiramycin,,,

121,, 0.1g 0.2g, 2, 0.8mg L 1mg L,, 7 10, 50%, 1 2 1 3,,,,,,, : 0.8 1.2g, 3 4 ; 30mg kg, 3 4, : 0.2g Kitasamycin, Leucomycin, Ayermycin, Stereomycin Streptomyces kitasatoensis, A 1 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7, A 1,, ;,,,,

122,, 2, 2.8mg L, 6 0.2g, 6 8mg L,, 10,, : 0.8 1.2g, 4 : 0.2 0.4g, 8 12 1 5%,,, ( Albomycin) : 0.2g ( ) : 0.2g ( 20 U, ),, Josamycin, Josaxin Streptomyces narbonenis var. josa-myceticus C 42 H 69 NO 15 = 828.0,,,,,,

123, 0.5g, 1, 0.61mg L6 1, 2, 2.31mg L,,,,, 1.5 24 50 %, 20%, 1 % : 0.8 1.2g, 3 4 ; 30mg kg, 3 4,,, 1., 2. ( Josamycin Propionate ),,,,,, : 0.2g, B Polymyxin B Aerosporin ( Bacillus polymyxa), B 1 B 2, 1200

124,,, 2% ph 5 7 3,,,, ;, ;,,,, 2 4mg kg, 1 8mg L 0.5, 2, 8 12 8,,, 40% 80%,,,, : 75 100mg ( 75 100 U ), 3 : 50 100mg, 2 3, 150mg 1 2mg kg, :, 1 2, 50mg 300 500ml 5%, : 1 5mg, 2, 2 2mg 1, 3 4 1, 2