1 2 3 chōra anēr eleutheros 4 5 oikos 6 4 chrēmatistikē ktētikē tekhnē 7 8 9 100 6 2013

2 0 1 3 1 1 Nov. 2 0 1 3 4 2 6 Journal of Shanghai Normal University Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition Vol. 42 No. 6 K125 A 1004-8634 2013 06-0099- 10 200234 Karl Polanyi embedded 19 Karl Bücher Eduard Meyer Johannes Hasebroek 2013-09-09 1981-99

1 2 3 chōra anēr eleutheros 4 5 oikos 6 4 chrēmatistikē ktētikē tekhnē 7 8 9 100 6 2013

plousios penia 瑏 瑦 10 Isaeus 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 4 oikos banausos 6 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 astu oikonomia chrēmatistikē oikos 瑏 瑥 5 瑏 瑧 7 Tyrtaeus 101

6 2013 瑏 瑨 瑐 瑢 瑏 瑩 geōrgoi 瑐 瑣 5 2 3 瑐 瑤 klēros 70 medimnos 瑐 瑥 12 瑐 瑠 瑐 瑦 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑧 102

6 eupatridai 瑐 瑨 autourgos 1 2 Ischomachus 瑐 瑩 6 Strepsiades 瑑 瑠 6 Dicaeopolis Trygaeus 瑑 瑡 Mesogaea Cephisus 瑑 瑣 Eleusis Diacria Mount Parnes 瑑 瑢 Harris 170 103

6 2013 artopoios an- thrakeus aspidopegos 瑑 瑤 160 165 24 42 20 60 19000 70 Pantainetos 3 2600 10000 瑒 瑠 Epicrates 40 瑒 瑡 Mantitheus 50% Blepaeus 20 瑑 瑥 瑒 瑢 瑑 瑦 oikos 120 50 瑑 瑧 oikos Cephalus ergasteri- on 8 瑒 瑣 瑑 瑨 autopōlai kapēloi palinkapēloi metaboleis emporoi nauklēroi 瑒 瑤 autopōlai agōra 瑑 瑩 104

kapēloi kapēloi metaboleis palinkapēloi metaboleis palinkapēloi emporoi nauklēroi emporoi 瑓 瑡 瑓 瑢 瑒 瑥 emporoi 瑒 瑦 kapēloi 瑓 瑣 nauklēroi 瑒 瑧 nauklēroi agōra emporoi nauklēroi seisakhtheia 瑒 瑨 emporoi agoranomoi 瑒 瑩 瑓 瑤 瑓 瑠 Pollux emporoi nauklēroi 5 4 Eupolis 105

6 2013 瑓 瑥 Kerameikos 瑓 瑦 瑔 瑤 362 361 瑔 瑥 Chalcedonians Kyzicenes 瑓 瑧 瑔 瑦 瑓 瑨 Phainippos medimnos 18 瑓 瑩 瑔 瑠 5 瑔 瑡 瑔 瑢 瑔 瑣 106

瑏 瑨 XenophonMemorabilia2. 7. 瑏 瑩 PlutarchLife of Lycurgus24. 3. 瑐 瑠 M. I. FinleyThe Ancient Economyp. 60. 瑐 瑡 PlatoLaws704b5-705b8. 瑐 瑢 XenophonOeconomica5. 4-7. Economies of Ancient Greecep. 69. 1998p. 153. 1Astrid M llernaukratis Trade in Archaic GreeceOxford University Press2000p. 2. 2HomerOdyssey105-141. 3XenophonOeconomica5. 17. 4M. I. FinleyThe Ancient Economysecond editionthe Hogarth Press1985p. 40. 5 Edward E. Cohen An unprofitable masculinity Paul CartledgeEdward E. Cohen and Lin Foxhall ed. MoneyLabour and Land Approaches to the Economies of Ancient GreeceRoutledge2002p. 100. 6HesiodWorks and Days618-694. 7AristotlePolitics1258b11258a19 - b81256b10-22 Rhetoric1381a21-24. 8HomerOdyssey487-491. 9AristotleRhetoric1367a32. 10M. I. FinleyThe Ancient Economyp. 41. 瑏 瑡 Isaeus 5. 39 Demosthenes 57. 45. 瑏 瑢 Robert FlacelièreDaily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles translated by Peter GreenPhoenix2002 originally published in France in 1959 p. 117. 瑏 瑣 AristotlePolitics1278a1337b. 瑏 瑤 PlatoGorgias512c XenophonOeconomica4. 2-3. 瑏 瑥 Edward E. Cohen An unprofitable masculinity Paul Cartledge Edward E. Cohen and Lin Foxhall ed. Money Labour and Land Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greecepp. 100-101. 瑏 瑦 M. M. Austin and P. Vidal - Naquet ed. Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece An Introduction translated and revised by M. M. AustinUniversity of California Press 1977pp. 70-71. 瑏 瑧 Jean - Pierre Vernant The Class Struggle Myth and Society in Ancient Greecetranslated by Janet LloydZone Books 1996pp. 15-27. 瑐 瑣 Edward M. Harris WorkshopMarketplace and Household The Nature of Technical Specialization in Classical Athens and its Influence on Economy and Society Paul CartledgeEdward E. Cohen and Lin Foxhall ed. MoneyLabour and Land Approaches to the 瑐 瑤 Robert GarlandDaily Life of the Ancient GreeksGreenwood Press 瑐 瑥 medimnos 1 50 瑐 瑦 PlutarchLife of Lycurgus8. 7 Moralia239d - e. 瑐 瑧 Robert FlacelièreDaily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles p. 125. 瑐 瑨 Robert FlacelièreDaily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles p. 26. 瑐 瑩 Robert FlacelièreDaily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles p. 125. 瑑 瑠 AristophanesClouds43-52. 瑑 瑡 AristophanesAcharnians32-36 Peace569-579. 瑑 瑢 Robert FlacelièreDaily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles p. 126. 瑑 瑣 Jonathan M. HallA History of the Archaic Greek WorldBlackwell Publishing2007pp. 240-241. 瑑 瑤 Demosthenes 27. 9. Edward M. Harris WorkshopMarketplace and Household The Nature of Technical Specialization in Classical Athens and its Influence on E- conomy and Society Paul CartledgeEdward E. Cohen and Lin Foxhall ed. MoneyLabour and Land Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greecepp. 70-71. 瑑 瑥 Edward M. Harris WorkshopMarketplace and Household The Nature of Technical Specialization in Classical Athens and its Influence on Economy and Society Paul CartledgeEdward E. Cohen and Lin Foxhall ed. MoneyLabour and Land Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greecep. 70. 瑑 瑦 XenophonMemorabilia3. 7. 6 PlatoProtagoras319d. 瑑 瑧 Robert FlacelièreDaily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles p. 128. 瑑 瑨 Demosthenes 27. 9-11. 瑑 瑩 Edward M. Harris WorkshopMarketplace and Household The Nature of Technical Specialization in Classical Athens and its Influence on Economy and Society Paul CartledgeEdward E. Cohen 107

6 2013 and Lin Foxhall ed. MoneyLabour and Land Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greecepp. 82-83. 瑒 瑠 Demosthenes 37. 31. 瑒 瑡 HyperidesAgainst Athenogenes18. 瑒 瑢 Demosthenes 40. 52. 瑒 瑣 Robert FlacelièreDaily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles p. 12. 瑒 瑤 Signe Isager & Mogens Herman HansenAspects of Athenian Society in the Fourth Century B. C. Odense University Press1975 p. 64. 瑒 瑥 PlatoPoliticus289e. 瑒 瑦 XenophonCyropaedia6. 2. 38. 瑒 瑧 naukleros Lysias 6. 19 49 Demosthenes 33. 6 PlatoRepublic488c. 瑒 瑨 Demosthenes 34. 51. 瑒 瑩 Signe Isager & Mogens Herman HansenAspects of Athenian Society in the Fourth Century B. C. p. 66. 瑓 瑠 PlatoLaws704b5-705b8. 瑓 瑡 PlatoRepublic370a - c. 瑓 瑢 PlatoRepublic371b. 瑓 瑣 PlatoRepublic371b - e. 瑓 瑤 XenophonOeconomica8. 22. 瑓 瑥 PolluxOnomasticon9. 47-48. 瑓 瑦 Isaeus 7. 20. 瑓 瑧 Demosthenes 50. 6. 瑓 瑨 Demosthenes 56. 9. 瑓 瑩 medimnos 1 12 瑔 瑠 Demosthenes 42. 2031. 瑔 瑡 IG II 2 360. 54-56 408. 13-14. 瑔 瑢 PlatoRepublic370e - 371b. 瑔 瑣 ThucydidesHistory of the Peloponnesian War2. 38. 瑔 瑤 IsocratesPanegyricus42. 瑔 瑥 XenophonRespublica Atheniensium2. 7. 瑔 瑦 Edward M. Harris WorkshopMarketplace and Household The Nature of Technical Specialization in Classical Athens and its Influence on Economy and Society Paul CartledgeEdward E. Cohen and Lin Foxhall ed. MoneyLabour and Land Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greecep. 78. Labour and Ancient Greek Society LI Shangjun College of Humanities and CommunicationsShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai200234China Abstract The paper elaborates the modes and characteristics of labour on the basis of the specific social background of ancient Greece. The paper firstly surveys ancient Greek people s view of labour and its evolution and then discusses its development levelmodes and characteristics from the perspective of agricultural productionhandicraft production and commercial trade. Finally the paper points out that tensions existed between ancient Greek people s need of labour and their pursuit of freedom and the Greek people also realized a balance between them. It is the ancient Greek people s view of labour that keeps their traditional citizen value and maintains the existing productive conditions. Consequentlyno great innovations occurred in the fields of technology and managing mode in Ancient Greece. Key words ancient Greeceagriculturehandicraftcommerce and trade 108