2010 11 4 The Qing History Journal Nov. 2010 No. 4 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 K249. 2 A 1002-8587 2010-04 - 0040-13 On Nian Gengyao's Appointment This article explores the origin of Nian's Appointment and analyzes later scholars' understanding of it. The author's view is that we should explain and define Nian's Appointment in its entirety. The Yongzheng Emperor's giving power over personnel appointments to Nian Gengyao was the necessary condition of Nian's Appointment. Nian's self-employment for private interest was the sufficient condition of Nian's Appointment. The end of Nian's Appointment was due to Emperor Yongzheng's re-emphasizing that favor and authority completely comes from me which was a step toward the Qing emperors realizing a monopoly of power. 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 櫍 1 2 3 2010-09 - 01 1971 100872 40
4 9 5 6 7 瑏 瑢 瑏 瑣 8 1723 瑏 瑤 41 10 瑏 瑡
瑏 瑥 1721 瑏 瑦 18 瑏 瑧 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑣 瑨 瑏 1724 瑐 瑤 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 瑥 瑐 42
瑑 瑢 瑑 瑣 瑦 瑐 瑐 瑧 瑨 瑐 瑑 瑤 瑑 瑥 瑑 瑦 瑐 瑩 瑑 瑠 瑑 瑨 瑡 瑑 瑑 瑧 43
瑑 瑩 瑒 瑠 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑦 瑒 瑢 瑒 瑧 瑒 瑨 瑒 瑣 瑒 瑤 瑓 瑡 瑒 瑥 44 瑒 瑩 瑓 瑠 1725
瑓 瑢 瑓 瑣 瑓 瑤 瑓 瑥 瑔 瑡 瑓 瑦 瑓 瑧 瑓 瑨 瑔 瑢 45 瑓 瑩 瑔 瑠
瑔 瑣 瑔 瑤 瑔 瑥 1728 瑦 瑔 瑔 瑧 瑖 瑡 瑔 瑨 92 瑖 瑢 瑣 瑖 18 瑖 瑤 62 109 瑩 瑔 46 瑖 瑠 瑥 瑖
瑖 瑦 瑖 瑧 瑖 瑨 瑖 瑩 瑘 瑠 瑘 瑡 47
瑝 瑠 瑘 瑢 瑝 瑡 瑝 瑢 瑣 瑘 瑘 瑤 瑝 瑣 瑘 瑥 瑝 瑤 瑝 瑥 瑝 瑦 瑘 瑦 瑧 瑘 瑨 瑘 瑩 瑘 瑝 瑨 48 瑝 瑧
瑝 瑩 1 1995 3379 1984 2 17 1992 1983 3 62 363 4 1 702 1989 2006 5 4 25 1997 4 1991 6 9 55 7 165 8 9 240-241 49
1995 10 2 447 2002 瑐 瑤 瑏 瑡 104 1985 瑏 瑢 11 394-451 瑏 瑣 8 418-421 瑏 瑤 1 瑐 瑧 2 1886 7 1993 瑏 瑥 瑐 瑨 242 瑏 瑦 83 瑏 瑧 156 71 62 11 14 220-221 瑑 瑡 118-119 瑑 瑢 135 1 489 瑑 瑣 221 15 295 485 2007 瑏 瑨 397 2006 瑏 瑩 瑑 瑦 119 瑑 瑧 118 瑑 瑨 21 2002 瑑 瑩 99 瑐 瑠 8 838 瑒 瑠 34 瑐 瑡 240 48 瑐 瑢 238 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑣 270 瑒 瑢 259 1 50 50 瑐 瑣 241 31 744 1989-1991 瑐 瑥 1963 瑐 瑦 8 839-840 1999 1991 瑐 瑩 255 瑑 瑠 238-239 瑑 瑤 241 瑑 瑥 112 129
瑒 瑤 129-130 瑒 瑥 132 瑔 瑦 1 81 瑒 瑦 3 30 瑒 瑧 瑒 瑨 31 715 瑔 瑧 325 瑒 瑩 瑔 瑤 31 756 瑔 瑨 瑓 瑠 31 765 186-187 瑓 瑡 39 瑓 瑢 瑔 瑩 39 瑖 瑠 77 104 瑓 瑣 1 230 8 346 瑖 瑢 146 瑓 瑤 3 45 瑓 瑥 239 瑖 瑤 147-148 瑓 瑦 298 瑓 瑧 259-260 瑖 瑦 瑓 瑨 147 瑓 瑩 31 766 瑔 瑠 94 1959 瑔 瑡 瑔 瑢 31 782 瑔 瑣 3 33-34 154-155 1997 95 101 183-184 214 瑖 瑡 1 15 瑖 瑣 瑖 瑥 1 99-100 31 785 瑖 瑧 1 100 瑖 瑨 1 365 瑔 瑥 8 26 瑖 瑩 1 104 26 瑘 瑠 467 7 瑘 瑡 1 104-109 51
瑘 瑢 1 368-374 瑘 瑣 4 1 瑝 瑩 317 瑘 瑤 3 920 319 瑘 瑥 83 1981 42 2009 瑘 瑦 1 15 326-328 瑘 瑧 1 883 瑘 瑨 1 16 瑘 瑩 390 1999 295 1 497 31 789 32 1 526 18 211 31 753-754 瑝 瑠 瑝 瑣 32 28 瑝 瑡 33 88 瑝 瑢 34 瑝 瑤 瑝 瑥 351 213 2001 352 1983 瑝 瑦 86-89 瑝 瑧 28 38 18 68-69 瑝 瑨 321 2003-2004 2004 190 1370 52