...1...23...27...31 --...36...40...45...51...56...58...62...66...68...72...76...80...84 I
...88...93...95...97...99... 103... 104... 109... 117... 119... 125... 128... 132... 136... 140... 146... 151... 154... 156... 165... 167 II
... 171... 180... 191... 195 III
50 1998 8.5 4924 5800 26 8 2.1 1.3 75 6507 2812 300 1998 1999 1
3 1022 3.9% 588 434 187 218 36 9 100 35 3 436 15 74 40 23 ( ) 1 70% 50% 1/3 640 2
90 1 1/5 2 1978 1998 1% 9% 12% 90 102 226 400 5000 400 2300 250 3 179 18.6% 100 600 80% 700 50% 90% 3
80 56 ( ) 1 1929 ( 50 35 50 ) 4
20 30 40 2 3 50 70 ( ) 5
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 6
7 2 3 ( ) 1 2
( ) 1 2005 100 50 100 20 50 8 12 10 20 43 38 2015 8
2 2005 400 500 6200 6300 1 0.45 8.3 50% 6000 3000 1000 9500 25% 4000 600 2015 7000 0.55 3 9
2005 25 5 15 2015 50 ( ) 10
1952 1958 7 5 1 40 7 (1) 20 100 50 50 200 3 449 ( 131 ) 458 (2) 1500 900 1200 11
3990 3600 4000 435 (3) 75 110 180 3 45 30 80 223 6 250 ( 3600 ) 575 (4) 4 3500 920 (5) ( 3940 4 ( 3450 3500 ) 24 ( 11 ) 300 60 12
10 180 1000 5 720 800 ( 520 274 ) 200 1000 (6) 3600 3400 6 19 2888 6 4 2120 600 6 2006 (7) 5 1000 2 50 40 1987 1988 1991 9 13
1994 6 1995 6 71 1 1996 3 1400 15.5 5 300 145 3 14
180 1400 ( ) 1 15
200 400 2000 1/8 1000 1998 5435 600 200 380 8 3.4 46 50 2 2010 40 2030 110 2050 1600 ( ) 16
15 2016 17
18 ( ) 1 2
3 15 19
( ) 1 ( ) 2 20
3 4 21
5 6 ( ) 5300 2800 5300 2700 2600 540 22
23 GDP 2% 700 ( ) ( ) 63% ( ) ( )
25 1 5 ( ) 24
( ) 1 2.32 1 2.32 25
26 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
12 17 12 26 5000 1548 1240 308 338 140 5 27
89 39 2006 2007 1156 197 154 49 ( ) 28
29 2000
900 30
20 70 80 1.5% 10% GDP 31
1997 2001 5 1 3 2002 2010 140 32
33 2010 70 10 ( )
34 31 ( ) 16
( ) 35
-- 580 20 50 122 90 307 ( 106 ) 20 50 480 90 120 1999 36
2010 40 2030 110 1952 1958 1961 115 70 80 1987 37
50 30 10 1996 1996 7 2001 5 50 20 1978 1987 200 38
1997 2001 4500 3000 3500 3500 2001 5 40 90 170 6 ( ) 2050 50 39
1.42 104km 2 ( 1) 1.05 104km 2 20 60 2 4m 10m 40 m 1 1 20 50 80 1956 1989 3.85mm/a 4.68mm/a 3.95mm/a 20 90 50 40
81.5mm 104.3mm 1985 116.3mm 1956 1984 1998 1985 1998 1956 1984 14mm/a 34mm/a 6.2% 7.88 108m 3 /a 18.4% 38.6 108m 3 /a 3 1985 1998 ( Q) ( P) Q 1.16 P 3.64 1956 1984 1% 1.16% 3.64% 2 1963 40.1 108m 3 /a 24.81% 1956 1980 41
66.2 108m 3 /a 7.29% 1980 2000 3% 20 60 24.81% 90 3% 1996 8 1996 8 42.4m 1997 7 35.9m( 4) 6.58m 79.50km 96 8 34.21 108m 3 (1995 1996 656.4mm 654.2mm 79.82 108m 3 78.30 108m 3 ) 2g/L 38.37 108m 3 3 20 80 42
1985 1998 253.3 108m 3 33.9 108m 3 /a 1958 1975 7.29 108m 3 /a 1975 1985 10.44 108m 3 /a 1985 1998 11.71 108m 3 /a 5 ( ) 20 50 90 10m ( 2) 1984 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.30( 1999) 4 4.1 43
( 6) 4.2 NO-3 4.86mg/L m NO-3 20 70 0.5 9mg/L 130 mg/l 4.3 5 30 20 60 44
100 108m 3 /a 20 80 3.14 1 45
1952 10 30 50 50 1999 6 2000 9 2000 9 27 46
2000 9 2000 7 ( ) 44 47
50 (2001 ) (2001 ) 48
7 ( ) 44 2000 6000 30 110 () ( ) 2002 1 2000 2 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 24 49
2002 8 2000 1/3 7.2% 462 1/5 3 50
51 12 27 50 50 3 1156
701 1267 50 3 4860 52
3 1 4 1000 2000 369 240 140 III 53
200 / 17 30 1.1 54
1240 3 248 20% 434 35% 558 45% 55
56 1952 10 30 50 50
57
12 27 58
50 50 50 1992 59
20 60
61
27 60 62
9 16 14.9 400 32 40 70 1156 ( ) 650 390 260 203 154 49 121 5 36 46 63
64
65
12 27 1992 66
67 50 50 40 ( )
15 68
3 344 500 1991 T 487 704 17 14 139 104 200 2007 69
70 15 35 30 80
1% 1.5% 2.3 3 2 71
2002 12 27 50 4860 2002 72
73 100 60 12 27
89.9 183 4 200 100 12 3 2002 74
40 1961 9 16 1671 14.9 200 1500 ( ) ( ) ( ) 15 120 75
76 2002 50 50
m 3 9600 94% 150 m 3 145 m 3 150 m 3 445 m 3 5% 77
9150 m 3 5 10 70% 11 4 30% 5 10 40900m 3 / ec 11 4 16400m 3 / ec 1979 4620m 3 / ec 1 78
10000m 3 / ec 2 3 4 1979 10000m 3 / ec 5 79
448 5000 44 650 390 260 80
1156 90% 51 1156 404 9 33 44 700 2010 15 16 10 81
82 GDP 0.12 40% 2000 560 / 800 5 10 18
2010 36 83
369 238 140 21 50 84
81% ( 40% 47%) 22%GDP 25% 2% 13% 20 85
21 2003 86
20 30 21 87
2002 10 3000 5 19 88
13 65 51 50 70 250 1420 88 33 133 89
(TBM) TBM(TunnelBoringMachine) TBM TBM TBM TBM TBM 90
4500 WTO 91
1983 92
600 3 8 53 6 47 3 3 2 3 93
31 7 1 18 17 V 182.8mg/l 30 COD 12.2 2 V COD 13.6 3 2000 V COD 6.2 4 V 94
100 10 100 2010 1200 10 53 95
96
1313 4 10 29.5% 40% 2003 2013 3400 200 10 300 3 3 2 4 5 97
98 10
45 16 3 5 500 157 99
170 305 20 172 170 1990 105 14 134 6 62440 200 100
3 6 2 19 95 1324 5408 4 30 170 1200 625 1 500 800 48% 1958 101
1990 3 4 7 30 102
0.59 /m 3 1.20 /m 3 2.5 3.3 /m 3 3.2 4.8 /m 3 103
5 20 500 100 10000 10000 30 11 40 104
72 2003 3 28 2001 2002 105
2003 2010 8 5000 50 20 106
5000 2003 2 28 107
20 108
100 4 8 2002 11 1548 5 10 109
110
111
1 5 1 6 4 2.5% 4% 5% 2.5% 3% 2010 48 1 112
( ) 3% 20 90 113
114 2005 5
115 95% 2001
1548 1240 308 248 20% 434 35% 558 45% 116
117 10 135 30
3 15 2 16 8 118
157 170 159 172 10 177 12 2 12 119
120 2 9 108 2 23
6 200 121
97 97 35 35 100 218 122
123 110 80 7 10 12
140 24116 101273 1991 85% 4 124
125 1959
126 40 3 2 1978 25
3 3 3 526 9 13 47 610 17 31 108 4610 1985 78 20 127
1985 7 4 1988 6 34 6 128
20 4000 4000 129
130 10 20 7 7
5000 131
18 1988 7 4200 132
133 213 3 2800
134 1989 60 8
1990 4100 500 1990 7 12 200 25 50 50 135
50 50 5 1988 9 136
1952 50 137
1987 5 4 1991 138
139 20 8 3 4 1988 1989 1991 2001
140 1997
1 2 3 141
( ) 1 142
2 5 ( ) 1200 3 143
4 ( ) 8 144
( ) 145
146
240km 40 m 3 2010 2001 2003 191 GPS 2002 2002 3 147
3 10 3000 4600 17 2002 5 148
149 4700 1952 23
5 WGS84 1985 Trimble5700 GPS, GPS RTK VirtuoZo NT JX-4A DPS ( ) Internet 150
3 GPS 45 1050km 451km 1 10000 1 5000 878.77km 2 1 25000 3113.33km 2 t TEXT-INDENT:24pt LINE-HEIGHT:150% mso-char-indent-count:2.0> 1952 90% 1988 151
2000 152
50 153
7 24 5 26 6 9 6 16 50 12 30 ( ) 60 ( ) 154
80 90 3500 155
156
2001 41 2 5 2002 2 76 16 21% 119 / 15 19% 101 / 12 II 73% IV (COD ) 157
IV V 2002 6 1.34 3 60 10 2 3100 1 (1) 158
159 (2) 5 2007 (3)
2 (1) 296 140 87 49 5 160
(2) 3 161
(1) (2) ( ) (3) 162
1 2 163
164 3 1 2
165 8 11 ( )8 7 8
166
167 ( ) 1994 1 ( ) 5500 3 1000
9000 2000 2 3 33 15 38 ( ) 1995 1 168
20 22 (1990 ) 2 130 140 1/3 22% 3 130 140 0.6 1.0 ) 4 130 140 ( 500 800 1000 20 1000 3000 100 ( 500 ) ( 12) 5 169
80 90 116 ( ) 221 120 170 54 77% ( ) 260 320 3% 170
( ) 120 1.25% 40 m 3 170 m 3 5 40 m 3 50 m 3 80 m 3 170 m 3 171
1 2002 12 50 188 m 3 130 m 3 170 m 3 448 m 3 2 2.1 172
2020 2030 2050 40 m 3 90 m 3 170 m 3 9 23 69 31 kw h 336 kw h 1117 kw h 2.2 40 m 3 5 130MW 14 kw h 5.1% 2.3% 0.8% 0.5% 173
3 174
4 4.1 1990 170 m 3 175
4.2 27 m 3 106 m 3 5.8 m 3 93.4 m 3 176
4.3 177
141 m 3 41 m 3 29% 2490m 2455m 35m 87 m 3 5 40 m 3 5 130MW 14 kw h 5.1 5.2 178
2020 40 m 3 17 80 kw h 2030 90 m 3 220 kw h 7 (11 5 ) 1986 ( ) 6 10 3000MW 6 179
2002 12 12 27 180
181 50 ( ) 1999 6
182 2000 9 2002 7
15% 2000 1/3 7.2% 183
184
450 m 3 185
186
187
45 4 12 10 14 7 ( ) 44 2,000 5,600 27 110 ( ) 188
189 ( ) 6 () 9 ( )
( ) 190
18 5 15 2347 95% 6 191
192 126 7000
193 100 17 1419 12 70
96 194
195 3 1730 1911 180
80 9 30 1983 10 6000 9 10 6000 19.6 196
536 1000 1100 110 290 3 10 2008 197
198 2008 2 2 3
10 199